查询词典 the solar system

Solar energy in photovoltaic system is a mode of electric power generation directly which use solar cell of electronic device of semiconductor to generate power by absorbing solar radiation energy effectively and make it to change electrical energy,it is a principal way of dealing with energy shortage and protecting the environment against pollution to exploit and make use of solar energy which is regenerative and clean to generate electrical energy.

太阳能光伏发电是利用太阳能电池这种半导体电子器件有效地吸收太阳光辐射能，并使之转换成电能的直接发电方式。开发利用太阳能这种可再生的清洁能源发电是解决能源短缺、保护环境的重要途径。

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency is set to launch the first spacecraft that will speed across the solar system using a hybrid solar sail—one propelled partly by solar pressure, partly by traditional solar power.

日本太空探测局正在开始着手发射第一艘太空飞船，飞船将使用太阳能系统的混合太阳能帆板——有太阳能压力驱动的装置，不同于传统的太阳能技术。

Among them very multinomial and direct or indirect design reachs relevant industry to sensor, detailed situation is as follows: The computer reachs peripheral equipment: Hold pattern recognition of GPS receiver, graph and processing system; Microelectronics and photoelectron yuan parts of an apparatus: Cadmium of parts of an apparatus of coupling of CCD photoelectricity carry on one's shoulder, tellurium is mercuric , infra-red detector; CMOS image sensor; Communication equipment reachs a product: Smooth communication is metric with the instrument that monitor; Civil spacecraft reachs ground facilities: Spacecraft is lukewarm control a product; Automation machinery reachs device: Industrial robot and intelligent robot; Electromechanical key foundation: Intelligent air cylinder, intelligence changes model carapace breaker (voltage 380V, 660V, voltaic 1000A), prevent adopt device of dead apply the brake , the electron controls vehicle of the automatic gear-box, dynamoelectric steering gear that help strength, car to carry diagnostic system, gasoline engine electronic-controlled engine of device, derv is electronic-controlled car of device, alternative fuel changes device, car; Instrument appearance reachs a system: GPS car fixed position, monitoring calls the police attemper system, colliery installs all inspection to measure general management system, hydroelectric station to monitor control system, automatic cruise automatically to control a system (the car is auxiliary drive system), the electron collects fees administrative system (ceaseless car electron pays cost the system), two-phase; New-style medical apparatus and instruments: Medical sensor; Inorganic metalloid material: Component of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report, lukewarm characteristic thermal resistor ; New-style the sources of energy reachs equipment: The solar battery reachs package; The environment monitors an instrument: Monitor appearance, CO automatically to monitor appearance, automatic acid rain automatically sampler and determine appearance, soot, dust is automatic sampler and determine appearance, flue gas is automatic sampler and determine steam of end of appearance, car determines automatically appearance, portable poisonous and harmful gas determines quality of air of type of appearance, flow; The exploration of the sources of energy and mineral products resource develops device: MWD is followed get oil of logging instrument, numerical control monitor below well of deep well logging instrument, colliery reach calamity to forecast; The project measures and equipment of earthly physics observation: Project acceleration measures system, much general to strap weather radar (use be concerned with or double polarization technology), intelligence atmosphere sensor (contain lukewarm, press, irradiation level of wet, wind, precipitation, dew point, sun), personal computer control is automatic and perpendicular artesian well system , marine atmosphere; 1 2 of on one page issues one page

主动化机械及行动措施：工业机械人和智能机械人；机电要害根本件：智能气缸、智能化塑壳断路器（电压380V、660V，电流1000A）、防抱死制动安装、电子节制主动变速箱、电动助力转向安装、汽车车载诊断系统、汽油策念头电控安装、柴油策念头电控安装、代用燃料汽车转换安装、汽车前进前辈电子传感器、高效汽车尾气净化安装、柴油策念头高压供油系统（≥1600Bar）、车辆动静节制系统、被动悬架系统、汽车防碰撞安装、汽车电子防盗安装、车内情况智能节制系统、汽车能源多能源治理系统、空气悬架系统、电子制动系统；仪器仪表及系统：GPS汽车定位、监控报警调剂系统、煤矿安好检测综合治理系统、水电站主动监测节制系统、主动巡航节制系统、电子收费治理系统、两相流量固体流量计、现场总线智能仪表；新型医疗器械：医用传感器；无机非金属材料：压电陶瓷元件、正温特征热敏电阻；新型能源及装备：太阳能电池及组件；情况监测仪器：主动监测仪、CO主动监测仪、主动酸雨采样器及测定仪、烟尘、粉尘主动采样器及测定仪、烟气主动采样器及测定仪、汽车尾汽主动测定仪、便携式有毒有害气体测定仪、流动式空气品质监测车、间歇式空气中有机传染物主动分析仪、COD主动在线监测仪BOD主动在线监测仪、浊度和电导主动在线监测仪、DO主动在线监测仪、TOC主动在线监测仪、TOD主动在线监测仪、氨氮主动在线监测仪、油份测定仪、多性能水质现场监测仪、车载型X萤光测试仪、噪声频谱分析仪、振动仪、辐射剂量监测仪、射线分析测试仪、CH主动监测仪；能源和矿产资本的勘察开辟行动措施：MWD随钻测井仪、数控石油深井测井仪、煤矿井下监测及灾难预告；工程测量和地球物理观测行动措施：工程加速度测量系统、多普勒天气雷达、智能型气象形象传感器(含温、压、湿、风、降水、露点、太阳辐照度)、微机节制主动垂直钻井系统、船用气象形象仪、磁通门罗盘和电位计罗盘、测波仪、智能型大陆水质监测用化学传感器(陆续工作3-6个月)、海流测量仪器（操纵声学、机械、电磁办法）、走航式声学多普勒海流剖面仪、声学应答开释器、声学水位计、近海深浪潮汐测量系统；农业工程行动措实行动措施：农业工程行动措施情况计较机主动节制行动措施、温室浇灌营养液主动设置装备摆设与施肥行动措施、巷道式智能化孵化器。

Then, it studies the supply chain management system as a complex system to confirm the state existing during operating of the system. After that, it conducts a probability analysis on the state which the system located by applying supplement variable method, and establishes the model of distributed parameter system in a form of partial differential equations. Combining C0 ? semigroup theory in the functional analysis, it conducts a dynamic analysis on the established mathematical model. Using this method, it obtains the mathematical expression of the dynamic solution and the steady state solution, and proves the uniqueness, non-negativity and the asymptotic stability of the system solution. This dissertation applies the Matlab tool and uses two-step, three-step Simpson integral equation to imitate the condition of system solution. Then, it adds possible mode of failure and the optimization adjustment state to the system, based on which it has established the distributed parameter system model which is described by partial differential system of equations. Combining the functional analysis C0 ? semigroup theory, it studies the established mathematical model, and obtains the mathematical expression of the dynamic solution system and the steady state solution. It has proven the existing of uniqueness of the system solution, the asymptotic stability of system solution and the system solution. In addition, it has lying the theory rationale for further analysis and the research on the optimization of system.

本文首先简要综述了供应链理论、可靠性研究、鲁棒性研究以及供应链鲁棒性研究的现状；然后，将供应链系统作为一个复杂系统来分析，确定了系统运行过程中所经历的状态，通过引入补充变量的方法，建立了用偏微分方程组描述的分布参数系统模型，用泛函分析中的C_0 -半群理论得到了系统动态解和稳态解的数学表达式，证明了系统解存在的唯一性、非负性和指数阶渐近稳定性；并借助Matlab工具，利用二阶、三阶辛普森积分方程模拟系统解的性态，并给出系统动态解的仿真图；本文又对上述系统增加了系统可能失效状态和优化调整状态，并在此基础上建立了用偏微分方程组描述的分布参数系统模型，同样用泛函分析中的C_0 -半群理论对所建立的数学模型进行了研究，得到系统动态解和稳态解的数学表达式，证明了系统动态解存在的唯一性、非负性及渐近稳定性，为进一步分析和研究供应链优化奠定了理论基础。

The characteristics of pentacene/perylene derivatives based organic solar cells are investigated in this thesis Donor and acceptor layers are pentacene and N N'-dioctyl-3 4 9 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-2~13C) respectively Twelve organic solar cells with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions were fabricated to study the influence of various alkylic perylene derivatives on the power conversion efficiency Under the sunlight simulator with AM1 5G filter and 100 mW/cm2 the solar cell of pentacene/PTCDI-7C heterojunction with cathode of Ag/Al bilayer has the best performance among the devices with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions In PL spectrum analyses the pentacene/PTCDI-7C film had lower recombination rate than the other pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C films; therefore more excitons could reach the P/N junction and enhance short-circuit current Furthermore the PTCDI-7C film grown on the surface of penatcene was more matched than other PTCDI films analyzed by the PL peak shifts of 10 nm and 45 nm thick PTCDI-2~13C and images of atomic force microscope More lattice match between the films of pentacene and PTCDI resulted in fewer defects in P/N junction and more carries can reach electrodes Accordingly the power conversion efficiency approach 2% was obtained from the solar cell with the active layer of pentacene/PTCDI-7C

本研究探讨以五环素/骈苯衍生物异质接面太阳能电池之特性，利用pentacene作为电子施体有机材料，PTCDI -2C~13C作为电子受体有机材料，制作出异质接面为pentacene/ PTCDI-2C ~13C等12种有机太阳能电池，比较不同碳数的骈苯衍生物对於有机太阳能电池之光电转换效率之影响。在AM1 5G、100 mW/cm2的模拟太阳光下，以pentacene/PTCDI-7C异质接面太阳能电池具有短路电流9 882 mA/cm2、开路电压0 376 V、填充因数0 523及光电转换效率达1 945%，皆比其他pentacene/PTCDI-2C ~13C异质接面太阳能电池来的大。由薄膜分析可知PTCDI-7C在这12种太阳能电池中具有较低的电子电洞复合发光效率，可以让较多激子到达异质接面进行电荷分离，减少电子电洞对复合发光的机率；此外，由光激发萤光光谱之峰值位移配合原子力显微镜表面结构图，可以得知当PTCDI-7C成长在pentacene上时会顺著pentacene的结构成长薄膜，故较无缺陷产生在P/N接面处；而在其他结构下则无此现象产生，致使在pentacene/PTCDI-7C薄膜中的载子有较大的机会可以移动至电极，使光电流提高，进而使光电转换效率提高。

There are the main achievement of the companies〔Have already obtained the patent）: Patent number: ZL********144143,《The solar energy urges the generating equipment three times》, Patent number: ZL********5.7,《Solar energy changes in temperature air conditioning》Patent number: ZL********42645.8, The application patent:《The solar energy encloses and stops up a pile of penetrating type generating equipment》,《The solar energy does not have compressor refrigerator》.

公司的主要成果有：《太阳能冷暖器》专利号：ZL********42645.8；太阳能热陷阱式空调》专利号：ZL********78745.5；《间接式太阳能空调》专利号：ZL********13774.1；《太阳能喷射式制冷器》专利号：ZL********144143；《太阳能三促发电设备》专利号：ZL********5.7；《太阳能发电热水器》专利号：********27949.6等。产品通过国家体系认证及国家家电中心检测认证。公司奉行"以质量为生命，以诚信为法则"不断吸收中外先进技术和宝贵经验，不断开拓创新产品，上门安装跟踪服务。

There are the main achievement of the companies(have already obtained the patent ): patent number: zl2005201144143,《the solar energy urges the generating equipment three times》, patent number: zl00245835.7,《solar energy changes in temperature air conditioning》patent number: zl200410042645.8, the application patent:《the solar energy encloses and stops up a pile of penetrating type generating equipment》,《the solar energy does not

申请专利有：《太阳能围堵叠射式发电设备》、《太阳能无压缩机冰箱》等。公司的主要产品有：双抛面太阳能发电成型设备系列；新型太阳能发电检测系列；数控剪板成型设备系列；数控折弯设备系列；数控冲压设备等。公司奉行"以质量为生命，以诚信为法则"不断吸收中外先进技术和宝贵经验，不断开拓创新产品，为客户量身定做太阳能生产线，上门安装跟踪服务，确保成功。

By manufacturing high-performance solar cells in high-throughput environments and by maintaining the desired characteristics of a solar cell, DayStar is looking at achieving commercial shipments by the fourth quarter of this year. It is targeting its solar cells to packaging companies (also known as module manufacturing companies or Modco's), whose products could be used in applications ranging from 1-kilowatt rooftop systems to 1,000,000-kilowatt solar farms in the desert.

W$rId 通过高产出的环境生产制造高性能的太阳能电池从而维持太阳能电池的理想特性，在今年第四季度日星公司正在寻找一个可以完成其产业化模式的载体，他的目标是找寻一家公司的产品，用日星的太阳能电池作包装，而此产品的电力应用范围在1千瓦到100万千瓦之间的屋顶系统或沙漠农庄

A positive correlation was found between the solar activity and NO3- concentration in recent 1500 years. A long-standing issue of the nature of the solar activity during the Maunder Minimum was solved. An about 36a cycle was found in the solar activity. Low solar activity and weak geomagnetic field were responsible for the 36Cl peak at about 37ka BP. Climate change recorded in this ice core lagged insolation about 4ka during the last glacial maximum, about 1ka during the last deglaciation, and nearly 0ka during the Holocene.δ18O record also suggests that the variation in temperature on the Tibetan Plateau had some similar features to that in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres during the last deglaciation to some extent, which indicate that the tropics maybe play an important role on global climate change.

揭示出近1500a来古里雅冰芯中NO3-浓度变化可以反映太阳活动的强弱变化；回答了长期争议的并直接关系到太阳发电机理论是否正确的Maunder极小期太阳活动特征问题；发现太阳活动可能存在36a左右的周期；证实了37kaBP左右古里雅冰芯记录中宇宙成因同位素36Cl含量峰值的存在，指出这一时期的宇宙成因同位素峰值事件具有全球性，弱的太阳活动和弱的地磁场是这一事件发生的原因所在；揭示出古里雅冰芯记录到的"8.2ka BP事件"，认为这一全球性事件发生的主要原因与弱的热盐环流和弱的太阳活动有关；发现古里雅冰芯记录的末次冰盛期和末次冰消期气候变化均在一定程度上滞后于太阳辐射变化，而全新世气候变化大致与太阳辐射变化同步；发现末次冰消期高原地区气候变化不仅具有北半球气候变化的某些特征，同时还具有南半球气候变化的某些特征，这说明热带地区可能对全球气候存在重要的影响。

The solar cell industry rapidly develops with an annual average growth rate of 30% in order to cope with the energy crisis and the environment pollution·The next task is how to im- prove the conversion efficiency of the solar cell, increase the production scale and decrease the manufacturing cost, which can reduce the cost of electricity generated by solar energy and make it reach the same as that by the normal method·The variety of the solar cell and its manufacturing technique,the bottle neck of the indus...

为了应对能源危机和环境污染，太阳能电池产业以平均年增长率为30%的速度飞速发展。摆在人们面前的课题是如何进一步提高转换效率、扩大生产规模和降低制造成本，使太阳能发电的成本降低到与常规发电相当的水平。介绍了太阳能电池的种类、制造方法、产业瓶颈和发展方向。

A major factor in deviation from optimal performance of the activated sludge secondary clarifier is the presence of density currents,resulting from the density difference and temperature difference.

异重流的形成是影响活性污泥系统二沉池水力学性能的主要因素，形成异重流的主要原因包括沉淀池内不均匀的污泥分布和温度分布。

You always nip it in the bud.

你总是有办法解决的。