查询词典 substitution method

The primary studying works and characteristics:1 To summarize reinforcing theory of cement mixing pile composite foundation2 To analyze the primary mechanics characters and changing rules of cement mixing pile, based on analysis of test data both indoor and outdoor.3 To discuss siding frictional resistance, ending resistance, ultimate bearing capacity of simple mixing pile and effectiveness factor of grouped piles, loading ratio of soil between piles under cushion cap of grouped piles and stress ratio of pile and soil and so on, and use many computation method and experimentation method to ensure bearing capacity of mixing piles composite foundation.4 To point out and analyze eight sides flaws and problems of the bearing capacity calculation method of mixing pile compositefoundation which ensured by national and normative method/ formula.5 To apply test results of loading tests and a few settlement observation data, use gray theory to predicate ultimate bearing capacity of deep mixing piles, actual example demonstrate engaging between theoretical predicted value and actual value.6 To apply groovy layerwise summation method to discuss entity piles method, double foundation method, equivalent layerwise summation method and consolidation theoretical method and so on, especially by combination of engineering example, use FEM to calculate or discuss the settlement and changing rules of composite foundation.7 To discuss problems of critical length of composite foundation by combination of engineering example and numerical analysis method, and analyze the contrast of critical length between simple pile load and most area load of composite foundation, not only critical length of composite foundation is relative to modulus ratio between piles and soil, but also upside load distribution area of composite foundation.

主要的研究工作与特色为：(1)总结了水泥搅拌桩复合地基的加固原理；(2)在对室内外试验资料进行统计分析的基础上，系统分析了搅拌桩水泥土的主要力学特性及其变化规律；(3)探讨了搅拌单桩的侧摩阻力、端阻力、极限承载力及群桩效率系数、群桩承台下桩间土荷载分担比及桩土应力比等，提出用多种计算方法并结合试验方法来综合确定搅拌桩复合地基的承载力；(4)明确指出和分析了按国家有关规范的方法确定搅拌桩复合地基承载力所存在的八个方面的缺陷与问题；(5)利用过去没有加载至破坏阶段的载荷试验成果和较少的沉降观测数据，尝试了用灰色理论预测深层搅拌桩的极限承载力，实例表明理论预测值与实测值吻合较好；(6)在常规分层总和法的基础上，探讨了复合地基沉降计算的实体墩基法、双层地基法、等效作用分层总和法、固结理论法等，特别是结合工程实例，用有限元数值计算等方法计算和讨论了搅拌桩复合地基的沉降及其变化规律；(7)结合工程实例，用数值分析方法探讨了复合地基临界桩长的问题，指出和分析了单桩荷载下的临界桩长与复合地基大面积荷载下的临界桩长存在很大的差别，复合地基的临界桩长不仅与桩土模量比有关，而且与复合地基上部荷载分布面积有关。

The apatite with end-member cations, the apatite solid solutions [M-M1 AP] withdivalent cations substitution, the fluorapatite and the chlorapatite with end-memberations, the apatite solid solutions [Xi-X2 AP] with column-ions substitution were synthesizedthrough " solid-phase reaction method" in inert gas.

对不同Ca/P摩尔比HAP来说，在1.2≤R≤2.3范围内，随R值偏离正常配比程度的增大，其比表面积增大、晶粒尺寸ΓA，Γ(221，ΓR减小、晶形指数降低、结晶度减小、晶格缺陷度增大；当R=2.5时，晶粒尺寸和结晶度反而增大，出现反常，但晶格缺陷度却保持有规律增加。

The substitution model of RBF neural network was made respectively by 3 different test functions. The error analyses indicate that the fractional steps experiment design method is very practical for the substitution model needed large scale test sample points.

对3个测试函数建立RBF神经网络替代模型，其误差分析表明，分步试验设计方法对于需要大规模试验样本点的替代模型是非常实用的。

Generally, fluid substitution applies the Gassmann fluid substitution method based on Wood's equation.

通常流体替换都是采用基于wood方程的Gassmann流体替换方法。

Macroporous tributyl amine aminating strongly basic anion exchange resin-a phase transfer catalyst with high catalytic activity for nucleophilic substitution,which was screened out via combinatorial chemistry method –was used to catalyze the nucleophilic substitution reactions for synthesis of benzyl acetate,benzyl propionate,benzyl butyrate and benzyl valerate.

用组合化学方法筛选出的对无外加碱条件下的亲核取代催化活性最高的聚合物季铵盐–三丁胺胺化强碱性阴离子交换树脂为相转移催化剂，催化合成了乙酸苄酯、丙酸苄酯、丁酸苄酯、戊酸苄酯等羧酸苄酯。

Cellulose acetate butyrate with high or low degree of butyryl substitution was synthesized in heterogeneous system(butyric acid/ acetic acid/ butyric anhydride/ sulfuric acid) using the "free solvent" method. The effect of activation time, esterification time, the molecular weight of cellulose and the content of the organic acid or anhydride on the degree of acetyl and butyryl substitution of cellulose was discussed.

在非均相体系中进行酯化反应，采用&反应性溶剂&，以硫酸作为催化剂合成出从高丁酯含量到低丁酯含量的纤维素醋酸丁酸酯，研究有机酸以及酸酐的添加量、活化时间、酯化反应时间以及原料纤维素的分子量对酯化产物纤维素醋酸丁酸酯的影响。

Under those conditions, different of 3-alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl starch of different drgree of substitution of hydrophobic group were prepared.The substitution of hydrophobic groupof the products was determined by a method of Zeisel reaction and gas chromatography.

在此条件下，制备了一系列疏水基取代度不同的3-烷氧基-2-羟基丙基淀粉，利用Zeisel反应-气相色谱法测定了产物的疏水基取代度。

In this paper, the theory, algorithm, and experiment of automatic object detection and tracking are studied in depth. It is firstly pointed out that the essential of Mean Shift method is a special Newton-Gaussian method. A new method named Fast Mean Shift is established to stretch the conservative step of Mean Shift method. The convergence and validity of this new method are proved in theory. And it is also proved that the convergence speed of Fast Mean Shift is faster than that of Mean Shift. The contrast experiments of searching the maximum possibility density of random of data sets in plane and 3D space are done. The results show that this new method can reduce the iterations greatly. A new object tracking method based on Fast Mean Shift is built to improve the object tracking performance, which is shown in the face tracking experiment with the tennis sequence provided by the Ohio State University, and the car tracking experiment with the car sequence provided by Kalsruhe University. The face trcking experiment with highly noised images show that the object tracking method based on Fast Mean Shift has strong anti-jamming ability. A new fast color object detection technology based on characteristic color is established, which use characteristic color distribution to compute the characteristic color vector of any area in an image quickly. With the high performance search method, the fast object detection is achieved. At last, using object tracker based on Fast Mean Shift and color object detector based on characteristic color with the Kalman filter, PID controller, searial communication and other technologies, automatic object detection and tracking system with control system is built. The availability and anti-jamming ability of this system are verified by some object detection and tracking tests in different scenes.

本文对目标自动识别与跟踪进行了理论、计算、试验三方面的深入研究，主要包括：首次指出了目标跟踪技术中常用的均值迁移方法的本质为一种特殊的高斯-牛顿方法，改进了均值迁移方法步长取值保守的弱点，建立了快速均值迁移方法，证明了该方法的收敛性、有效性以及收敛速度优于均值迁移方法；进行了平面和3维随机分布数据集的最大概率密度搜索对比试验，试验结果表明，快速均值迁移方法大大减少了迭代次数；建立了基于快速均值迁移的目标跟踪方法，利用俄亥俄州立大学提供的乒乓球序列图像和卡斯鲁厄大学的汽车序列图像，对人脸和汽车目标跟踪性能分别进行了对比试验，并进行了高噪声人脸图像目标跟踪试验，结果表明，基于快速均值迁移的目标跟踪方法有效提高了目标跟踪性能，具有很强的抗干扰能力；建立了一种新型彩色目标自动识别方法，采用特征色彩分布函数实现了对任意图像区域特征色彩矢量的快速计算，建立了高效的搜索方法，实现了彩色目标的快速识别；将基于快速均值迁移方法的目标跟踪方法、基于特征色彩的目标识别方法与卡尔曼滤波、PID控制、串行通讯等技术结合，建立了带有控制系统的快速目标自动识别与跟踪系统，并在不同场景下进行了目标自动识别与跟踪试验，验证了快速目标自动识别与跟踪系统的有效性和抗干扰能力。

Till now, there are a lot of generators such as the classical Fibonacci method, mid-square method, linear congruential method, feedback shift register method and combined method; the recent nonlinear congruential method, decimal fraction method, add-with-carry and substract-with-borrow methods, generalized feedback shift register method and MT method, and so on.

至今关于随机数发生器有很多的理论和方法，其中除了传统的Fibonacci法、平方取中法、线性同余法、位移寄存器法和组合方法；最近还有非线性同余法、取小数法、进位加和错位减法、广义反馈位移寄存器法和MT法等等。

On one side, it criticizes the traditional way of value view education in our country including the critique to dualistic-opposition method, the rejection to formalism method and the sublating to indoctrination method. On the other side, it argues the application of value view education including both drawing lessons from traditional persuading methods, model demonstration method, edification method, self-cultivation method and applying to the dilemmatic story method, character-acting method, value-clarifying method.

最后，对价值观教育方法的运用进行了分析，一方面，对我国传统价值观教育方法进行了检讨，它包括对非此即彼二元对立方法的批判，形式主义方法的拒斥和灌输方法的扬弃；另一方面，论述了我国价值观教育方法的运用，它既包括对传统的说服教育法、榜样示范法、陶冶教育法和自我修养法的借鉴，又包括对两难故事法、角色扮演法和价值澄清法等新方法的运用。

They have quite a lot of work to do.

他们有许多工作要做。

Let us give you a more elaborate example of this process.

让我们给你这个过程的更多的详细例子。