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Because of the time delay unsynchronized control force may be applied to the structures, which may cause degradation in the efficiency of control or may even render the structures unstable. There for, it is of importance to make research on the time delay problem.

时滞是振动主动控制中不可避免存在的现象，即使是小时滞，也会导致系统在不需要能量时作动器向系统输入能量，致使主动控制效率的降低，甚至导致系统响应发散。

In the research on the backward-wave oscillation suppression the startoscillation current which is derived from Two-wave theory approximately is given up. Four typical un-uniform slow wave structures start-oscillation current equations are derived by backward-wave amplifing gain expressions with the Two-wave theory. Then the start-oscillation current rates I〓/I〓 between ununiform circuit and uniform circuit of the four structures have been got.

在返波抑制问题的研究中，从二波理论出发，抛弃了二波理论中从起振条件出发来得到起振电流近似表达式的方法，而是利用二波理论的基本关系式分别推导出了四种典型实用的非均匀输出线路的返波增益表达式，采用计算返波增益的方法来得到四种非均匀输出线路的起振电流与均匀输出线路起振电流的比值I〓/I〓。

The results mentioned above bring to light for the first time in nature the structures of frequencies and vibrative mode shapes of the empty liquid storage tanks and suggest a new way to study this type of structures.

这些振型分析结果首次从本质上揭示了空储液罐的频谱和振型结构，提出了一种研究该类结构的振型规律的新途径。

There is granular material on the top and the edge of the spikes induced by nanosecond laser pulses in air atmosphere, which is formed by solidification of the droplets. The micro-structures formed in air are different from the slender whiskerlike structures created by excimer laser and also different from the conical microstructures with dendritic nanostructures formed under femtosecond laser irradiation.

部分锥形上还有二次尖峰形成，空气中纳秒激光诱导的锥形尖峰微结构顶端和边缘有由液滴固化形成的粒状物质，不同于利用准分子纳秒激光诱导的细长须状结构和飞秒激光辐照下产生的具有表面枝蔓状纳米结构的锥形微结构。

Main conclusions are as follows:(1) changes of leaf morphological and anatomical structures with tree height:25 researched tree species exhibited xeromorphic structures at tree top,that is,toward tree top,leaves were with 1 increased cuticle thickness;2 developed palisade tissue and even double-palisade structure;3 densely arranged tissue cells;4 smaller cells;5 thicker epidermis,smaller and denser stomata;6 smaller and thicker leaf,great LMA value.

本文主要得出以下结论：(1)叶片结构随树高的变化：研究的25种树种表现为越往树顶处：1角质层越厚；2栅栏组织越发达，全栅特征越明显；3叶组织细胞排列越紧密；4叶肉细胞越小；5表皮层越厚，气孔越小而密、单叶的气孔总面积越小；6叶片越小而厚，LMA越大。

Test results are as follows: Ballastless track structures can effectively improve the dynamic action of train loads on subgrade beds, the measured stresses and acceleration rates are far smaller than those measured with ballasted track structures; axle loads have remarkable influence on dynamic stresses of ballastless track subgrades and have some influence on acceleration responses; speeds of either motor car units or freight trains all have limited effect on dynamic embankment responses; after attenuating over 3 meters high embankment, neither dynamic stresses nor acceleration rates are influential to net cushions at the bottom of column-net structure subgrades

结果表明：采用无砟轨道结构可以有效改善列车荷载对路基基床的动力作用，测得的动应力与加速度值均远小于有砟轨道结构测得的值；列车轴重对无砟轨道路基的动应力影响明显，对加速度响应也有一定影响；无论是动车组还是货物列车，其运行速度对路堤部分的动响应影响均有限；动应力与加速度经3 m 高的路堤后衰减，对桩网结构路基下部的网垫层已基本无影响。

The analysis results of FTIR , SEM, X-ray Diffraction and TG-DSC proved that,the existence of graft copolymerization between cassava starch and acrylamide was occured;the structures of cassava were destroyed during the copolymerizing; the structures of the copolymer were largely amorphous; within the range of 700℃,the thermal degradation process of the St-g-PAM was divided into three-steps, which was more complex than that of cassava.

FTIR、SEM、X射线衍射、TG-DSC分析结果表明木薯淀粉与丙烯酰胺已发生接枝共聚反应；木薯淀粉在接枝共聚反应中，结构被破坏，接枝共聚物的结构基本上为无定型结构；在700℃温度范围内，木薯淀粉丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的热降解为三步降解历程，比木薯淀粉复杂。

In the other hand, because the delaminations are not known in the composite laminated structures, the understanding the delaminated parameters are the first problem for the mechanical analysis of the structures.

另一方面，复合材料结构中的脱层往往是未知的，了解脱层参数成为脱层结构力学分析的首要条件。

Some Properties of Monad and Comonad;2. The definitions of entwining structures of monads and comonad s and entwining modules are given and the paper studied their relations with entwining structures of algebras and coalgebras in categories,then we build an adjoint functors pair between the two categories of entwining modules.

首先给出了单子和余单子的缠绕结构和缠绕模及其与代数和余代数的缠绕结构和缠绕模之间的关系，并构造了一个函子伴随对，其次定义了余单子的类群元，得出了一些相关结论，最后给出了缠绕结构之间相容的定义和等价条件。

In particular, some new morphologies, such as cylinders with alternating helixes structure and complicated hybrid network structures are found in our studies. In the case of neutral walls, cylinder structures are commonly observed in thin films.

在模拟中，体系各个组分的体积分数选取近似相等以突出星型高分子链的特征结构；考察了在不同的组分间相互作用参数下，薄膜的厚度及表面场的强度对共聚物薄膜相行为的影响。

Chimborazo and Cotopaxi, took me by the hand.

越过琴博腊索山和科托帕克西山。

This car is in a good condition.

这辆车的状况很好。