查询词典 stem

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are capable of chondrogenesis, making them a possible source of cells for injectable cartilage tissue engineering. There exist different ideas on the ability of mesenchymal stem cells's chondrogenesis in monolayer culture. Because of this, the effect of adult rabbit's bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells chondrogenesis in monolayer culture was studied. The mesenchymal stem cells was isolated from adult rabbit's bone marrow and monolayer cultured. TGF-β1, Vit-C and Dexamethasone were used. Immunohistochemistry analyses and histological staining of H-E, Methylaniline blue and Alcian blue were performed to identify the expression of collagen type Ⅱ and cartilage associated matrix. The results showed that the induced cells expressed and produced collagen type Ⅱ and cartilage associated matrix. This suggests that the differentiation of adult rabbit's marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocyte in monolayer culture is feasible and may be induced by TGF-β1, Vit-C and Dexamethasone.

骨髓基质干细胞的软骨分化潜能使其可能成为可注射组织工程化软骨研究的种子细胞，为探讨体外培养的骨髓基质干细胞在平面诱导条件下软骨分化的可行性，我们进行下列实验：获取并体外平面培养成体兔骨髓基质干细胞，应用TGF-β〓、Vit-C和地塞米松对其软骨分化诱导，诱导后的骨髓基质干细胞行细胞爬片组织学和Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化，结果证实，诱导后骨髓基质干细胞可分泌Ⅱ型胶原，组织学染色可见类似于软骨细胞，由此证明体外培养的骨髓基质干细胞在平面诱导条件下可以软骨分化，其软骨诱导因子为TGF-β〓、Vit-C和地塞米松。

Stem and Dongmu-70 rye grass (Secale cereale L.) stem. The diameter, length, weight and linear density of stem were measured after sample collection. Shearing force was measured. Meanwhile, the content of moisture were measured, neutral detergent fiber acid detergent fiber lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose were measured. Three Xiaowei sheep were used to determine in situ degradability in 48 h of DM and NDF of alfalfa stem and rye grass stem.

采集2种牧草后，测定茎直径、长度、重量和线性密度，测定剪切力、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、木质素、纤维素及半纤维素含量，用尼龙袋法测定干物质、中性洗涤纤维48h瘤胃降解率，比较各项指标随茎直径变化的规律，探讨剪切力与各项指标之间的相关性。

These were raised underinducing condition to test if any morphology and structure changes. Twenty two Arabidopsismutants had various changes in morphology and anatomical structures. Twenty mutants hadlow germination rate from 10% to 60%, of which 2 had survival rates at 0% and 50%. Fivemutants occurred structure changes in the hypocotyls or stem. One of these lines, namedarris-stem, showed some unique changes: slower growth rate in comparison with the wildtype from germination to florescence; serrated margin of leaf blades, spiral rosette; morebranch in the bottom part of the stem, shorter nodes, twisted stem and branch. There were oneor several arrises along the stem. Across sections of the arrises showed one or several compactcells lumps which were round, made up of several layers of cells, looked like vascular-bundle.

在诱导条件下，这些突变体表现出不同的形态和结构的变化，共有22个表型和结构发生变化。20个突变系发芽率或存活率较低，发芽率由10％—60％，其中2个突变系存活率分别为0％和50％。5个突变系在茎或下胚轴的结构上发生变化，其中一个突变系arris-stem发生如下表型变化：从真叶出现至开花结实的整个生长期，生长速度要明显比野生型拟南芥缓慢；叶缘有明显锯齿，莲座叶呈螺旋状排列；茎的基部有较多侧枝，侧枝间距明显缩短，茎有明显扭曲；突变体茎侧面有1至数条棱形突起，内部存在一至数个排列紧密的细胞团，由多层细胞呈环形排列，细胞壁明显加厚，内部存在管状分子，推测为维管组织。

The Institute for Stem Cell Research is primarily dedicated to research and education in stem cell including developmental immunology, embryonic patterning, developmental epigenetics, cardiovascular stem cell, embryo stem cell neurogenesis, developmental haematopoiesis, embryo stem cell biology, genome engineering, bioinformatics, early embryo development, etc.

爱丁堡大学干细胞研究所主要致力于干细胞的研究和教学，其学科领域包括发育免疫学，胚胎模式，发育遗传学，心脏血管干细胞，胚胎干细胞神经发生，发育造血作用，胚胎干细胞生物学，基因组工程，生物信息学，早期胚胎发育等。

Results: The BMD decreased fastest in the first year after operation, as the postoperative time prolonged, the BMD decreased markedly at the medial part of the stem especially at the calcar and under calcar part, and at the medial part of the stem and the large trochanter, the BMD at the lateral lower part of the stem decreased at a lower extent, the femur shaft part under the tip of the stem lost the lest bone.

结果：术后第一年骨丢失多，随术后时间延长，假体柄内侧尤其是股骨矩及矩下R7、R6区、假体尖内侧R5和大粗隆区R1区骨丢失最明显，假体柄外侧中、下R2、3区端次之，假体柄尖远端股骨干处R4区骨丢失相对较少。

The slow progress of researches on pulmonary stem cells up to date has its root in the complex structure of pulmonary tissues and respiratory tracts, which is demonstrated by the facts that the respiratory system is composed of at least 40 types of cells, plus that the growth, renewal, and regeneration rate or capacity of respiratory epithelium are extremely limited. Mean while, there have been no specific stem cell markers for pulmonary and lung cancer, so researchers rely on stem cell markers borrowed from other systems to search for stem cells in pulmonary system.

目前对于肺干细胞的研究进展缓慢，究其原因主要是肺组织和气道具有复杂的内在结构，呼吸系统至少包含40种不同类型的细胞，呼吸上皮本身只有极低的生长更新率和非常有限的再生能力，同时肺干细胞的表面标志物也缺乏特异性，只能借助其他组织已知的干细胞标记物进行对比观察。

Irrigation during over-winter promoted significantly N absorption and accumulation, increased N content in the plants at early stage (before 10, April) and final single stem weight, and reduced stem flowering percentage and florets per cyme, leading to an improved quality of rush stem. With the increased level of N application, N content and accumulation in plants, stem flowering percentage and florets per cyme were significantly increased.

越冬期灌水能显著促进植株对氮的吸收和积累，增加前期（10/4前）植株含氮量和收获期单茎干重，显著减少草茎开花率和平均每花序小花数，从而改善草茎品质；随着施氮水平的提高，植株氮吸收和含氮量相应增加，开花率及平均每花序小花数显著提高。

The basal diameter, height of aerial stem, leaf length at middle stem, leaf width at middle stem, internode length at middle stem, internodes number and panicle length of 30 plants from every population were recorded. The statistics of morphological characters showed that the distribution trends of the averages of morphological characters are similar among populations. However, the coefficients of variation within population of 7 morphological characters were very different. The CV of internodes was largest and the CV of height was smallest within population. F-statistics showed that the differences of all morphological characters among populations were significant (P.01). But the differences among populations were different between different groups. The cluster analysis proved that all populations could be divided into three types: salty reed, freshwater reed and giant reed.

对来自每个种群的30个个体的基径、株高、中部叶长、中部叶宽、中部节间长、节间数、穗长7个形态特征的统计分析表明：各形态特征平均值在种群间的分布趋势相似，但变化幅度不同，株高、叶长等营养特征变化较大大，生殖特征穗长的变化较小；7个形态指标在种群内的平均变异度从大到小依次为中部节间长、中部叶宽、穗长、中部叶长、基径、节间数、株高，种群内的平均形态变异度与生境异质性有关；7个形态指标在种群间均差异显著，但多重比较分析显示显著差异主要存在于BZH、淡水生境种群和盐渍化生境种群之间，在相似生境种群间的形态差异不显著；以形态特征为依据的聚类分析支持将15个种群分为三类：盐生芦苇、淡水芦苇和巨型芦苇。

Results The clinical manifestation of brain stem hemorrhage secondary to cerebral infarction included sudden onset,evelution abruptly,coma,quadriplegia,higher fever and respiratory failure. CT usually do not identify the high dense location of brain stem. Large infarction of cerebral hemisphere may lead to shift the brain laterally and downward to produce herniation with subsequent brain stem compression,shift and distortion. Secondary brain stem hemorrhage occured usually in midderline area of midbrain or pontine.

结果 脑梗塞继发脑干出血的临床特点是发病急、进展快、昏迷、四肢瘫、过高热及呼吸衰竭，CT一般不能发现脑干高密度病灶，病理结果均为半球大病灶脑梗塞，严重海马回疝致脑干严重受压、变形和移位，继发脑干出血以中脑为主，可累及桥脑，主要位于中线部位。

Solve this problem, the best way is to turn valve stem with a tour, or rotary type control valve, and its thick stem stroke than a straight stem 2 to 3 times, and use long life of the graphite packing, valve stem stiffness Good, filling long life, but its friction torque is small, poor little back.

解决这个问题，最好的办法就是用旅转阀阀杆，即角行程类的调节阀，它的阀杆比直行程阀杆粗2～3倍，且选用寿命长的石墨填料，阀杆刚度好，填料寿命长，其摩擦力矩反而小、回差小。

Chinese traditional virtue is humility and wariness,the compliment and praise to the others should be declination

中国人的传统美德是谦虚谨慎，对别人的恭维和夸奖应是推辞。如

We bought this house on the never-never.

我们以分期付款的方式买下这座房子。