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In this work, three certified milk powder materials with different PCDD/Fs levels were Soxhlet-extracted and then cleaned up using Power-Prep system automatically. PCDD/Fs and planar PCBs were determined using isotope dilution and high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.

自动样品前处理在乳品中二恶英和共平面多氯联苯同时测定中的应用张磊，李敬光，吴永宁，赵云峰(中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所，北京 100050)摘要：采用索氏提取及自动净化处理系统对乳品进行提取和净化，在高分辨气相色谱-高分辨双聚焦质谱仪上进行定性和定量检测。

It described the basic conception of quality chain\chain node\chain note chart and coupling effect, and improved the material transfers process of Gemalto Multinational Corporations manufacture center in China by using DMAIC and other methods of project management, and also practice the basic way and thought of 6Sigma by using material transfers management of the quality chain.

介绍了质量链这一思想发展的历史演变，简要阐述了质量流、质量链、链节点、链节图、耦合效应等基本概念，并选取质量链中物流管理这一重要环节，结合六西格码管理的基本方法和思路，运用DMAIC的方法以及借鉴了项目管理的方法，对Gemalto跨国集团在中国湖南的制造中心物流流程进行了系统的改造。

Using much cheaper Chlorine as fuel, nearly 10 Watt 3.8 micrometer HCl laser was realized by H+Cl2 and H+ClF pump reactions without changing structure of discharge driven HF/DF laser. 12 Watt HF-HCl dual-band lasing were obtained using F-ClF-H2 chain reaction pump system.

以廉价的Cl2为燃料，在不改造电激励HF/DF激光器结构的基础上，分别利用H+Cl2泵浦反应和H+ClF泵浦反应实现了近10W的中心波长3.8μm HCl激光，并利用F-ClF-H2链反应泵浦体系获得了12W的HF-HCl双波段激光。

The project will develop a bandpass sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter for digital audio broadcasting system in three years. In the first year, we had finished the system simulation for IF receiver using conventional high speed ADC and bandpass sigma-delta ADC, respectively. We also had done the analysis and design of high-order bandpass sigma-delta modulator structure. In this year, we have developed a coefficient synthesis method for high order bandpass sigma-delta modulator using high order filter transfer functions (inverse Chebyshev bandreject filter function).

本计划将在三年内发展一个能应用在数位音讯广播系统的带通sigma-delta类比/数位转换器(analog-to-digital converter，ADC)，在第一年度中我们分别以传统高速类比/数位转换器及带通SD类比/数位转换器的接收系统为例，并结合编码正交多工器(Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex，COFDM)的技术，建立一套DAB系统模拟的方法，同时并研究有关高阶带通SD类比/数位调变器的架构及电路，并已成功开发出一个由高阶滤波器合成的高阶带通调变器。

Based on the examples analyzed,this paper mainly discusses the impacts of the polynomial degree,fit time span and interval of the fitting points when using chebyshev polynomial to fit the satellite orbit,the situation using more orbital elements and the area and choosing of the orbital elements are also discussed at last.

以实例分析为基础，主要讨论了利用切比雪夫多项式拟合GPS卫星轨道时多项式阶数、时段长度、拟合点间隔等因素的设置问题；并对使用多组轨道参数进行轨道拟合的情况进行了分析；最后讨论了轨道参数的使用范围和选择问题；得出了有用的结论。

The counter measures of solving these problems were suggested as follows: firstly, using water resources and fertilizer reasonably and choosing salt tolerance crops to control saltinization; secondly, choosing acid tolerance feed and using the chemical method to control acid rain; finally, soil erosion could be controlled by bioremediation.

对于三种生态环境问题，提出的控制对策如下：盐渍化的治理对策为合理用水、施肥，种植合适的耐盐作物；酸沉降治理对策为种植抗酸作物和采用化学调控方法降低降对作物的损害；水土流失使用生态恢复工程和生态重建工程进行治理。

The phytoplasmas diseases were investigated in 30 counties and cities of 10 areas in Yunnan Province. There are 12 phytoplasma diseases, including paulownia witches-broom,chinaberry witches-broom, cactus witches-broom, christmas cactus witches-broom, orange little leaf, petunia flat stem and so on were indentified using PCR with universal primers, which amplified phytoplasma 16SrRNA gene and/or ribosomal protein genes. So the kind of phytoplasma diseases in Yunnnan Province were understood. Identified the characteristic of 16SrRNA and rp gene of phytoplasma and the kind, classification and genitic relativity of these strains using RFLP, clonging and sequence analysis (nearly 20 full-length sequences of phytoplasma 16SrRNA and/or rp gene were submitted in GenBank ); The phytoplasma strains isolated from herbage plants were conserved in storeroom. 9 articles were published in the key journals of China and 1 technique invention patent was applied. The net-page about phytoplasma disease was established. 4 graduate student were bringed up.

对云南省10个地区的30余个县市地区进行了植原体病害的调查采集工作；采用植原体16SrRNA基因通用引物（R16mF2/R16mR1及R16F2/R16R2）和/或植原体核糖体蛋白基因引物（rpF1/R1）对所采集到的病害标样总DNA进行PCR扩增，根据植原体特异扩增条带的出现，共鉴定出泡桐丛枝、苦楝丛枝、仙人掌丛枝、蟹爪兰丛枝、柑桔小叶、矮牵牛扁茎等12种植原体病害，初步明确了云南省植原体病害的种类；通过RFLP技术、克隆及测序技术获得其16SrRNA及部分核糖体蛋白基因的近全长序列（已在GenBank中共登录近20余个相关序列），通过序列比较分析，明确了上述植原体株系中这两个基因的特征并确定了云南省植原体株系的种类、分类地位及遗传相关性；对一些发生在草本植物上的植原体进行了株系保存；在国内核心期刊及一般期刊发表研究论文 9 篇，申请技术发明专利1项；初步建立了有关植原体病害的网页；培养研究生4名。

Attempting to use research methods and achievements based on shape characteristic of choreoecology, and using anthropological fields study, and using anthropological field observation methods, we emphasize on clear analysis of the basic shapes and typical characteristics of "Temple VCham" and folk sacrificial dances in Qinghai. We try to have analysis and explanation on the living environment influenced by these religious ceremonies. We hope to make further progress in research in Chinese traditional and national dance studies.

本文试图较全面地运用舞蹈生态学形态特征提取的研究方法，并借鉴人类学田野考察的方法，着重对青海藏传佛教寺院羌姆舞蹈和民间祭礼舞蹈的基本形态、典型特征作出判断，对作为宗教祭祀仪式所由形成的生态环境因素给予一定的分析和阐释，从而在实证性的中国传统民族舞蹈研究方向上迈出实际的步伐。

Using fresh chlorophyll distilled from fresh leaves of yulan as experimental material,this research analyses the change of the absorption spectra of chlorophyl under light of different wave length,different illuminating time,different temperature by means of using the WGS-9 chroma analysing instrument.

引言光谱分析在各个领域内有广泛的应用，对许多物质，光的吸收性是一个重要的本质特性，通过对物质的光谱分析可以得知它的元素组成成分[1]。在自然界中，叶绿素是广泛存在于植物的叶和茎中的绿色色素，它也有其特定的吸收光谱。

Using fresh chlorophyll distilled from fresh leaves of yulan as experimental material, this research analyses the change of the absorption spectra of chlorophyl under light of different wave length, different illuminating time, different temperature by means of using the WGS-9 chroma analysing instrument.

以从新鲜玉兰叶片中提取出的新鲜叶绿素为原料，用WGS-9型色度仪分别测出叶绿素提取液在不同波长的光和不同照射时间以及不同温度下的吸收光谱，通过对吸收光谱的分析得出不同光照和温度对叶绿素的影响及对叶绿素中成分的破坏情况。

We have something to do in the new stage.

在这段崭新的时期中，我们有一些要做的。

The difference between tourism decision-making under uncertainty and risky tourism decision-making is indistinctive.

其中不确定性旅游决策和风险旅游决策的界线比较模糊，两者的区分是相对的。