查询词典 sleep rough

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

In this chapter, firstly, the definition of rough semigroups is given afresh. Then based on rough groups, rough subgroups, rough cosets, rough invariant subgroups, some properties of rough subgroups and rough invariant subgroups and the concept of rough quotient groups are introduced. Finally, based on some concepts of homomorphism and isomorphism of rough groups, basic homomorphism theorem and isomorphism theorem of rough groups are put forward and proved.

在这一章中，首先重新给出了粗糙半群的定义，其次在粗糙群、粗糙子群、粗糙陪集、粗糙不变子群的基础上，给出了粗糙子群的若干性质、粗糙不变子群的三个重要性质和粗糙商群的定义，最后在粗糙群同态与同构的基础上，给出了粗糙群同态基本定理与同构定理。

At the same time, some articles that have been studied about the theory combined pure mathematics with rough sets have been emerged, and some new mathematical notions, such as rough logic, rough ideal in semigroups, rough groups and rough subgroups, rough cosets, rough invariant subgroups and homomorphism and isomorphism of rough groups, are introduced.

同时，纯粹的数学理论与粗糙集理论结合起来进行研究已有文章出现，并不断有新的数学概念出现，如&粗糙逻辑&、&半群中的粗理想&、&粗糙陪集&、&粗糙不变子群&、&粗糙群和粗糙子群&、&粗糙群的同态与同构&。

In the sense of cutset, the relation between the rough set of a cutset and the cutset of a rough set, a fuzzy rough set of a fuzzy primary ideal in a semigroup is proved to be its fuzzy primary ideal. The sixed chapter is Rough Primary Ideals and Rough Fuzzy Primary Ideals in rings, the corresponding results of a semigroup are generalized in a ring. The last chapter is Rough-fuzzy Subsemirings in Semirings, First, the lower and upper rough-fuzzy semirings together with the left and the right ideal are defined.

利用截集意义下，截集的粗糙集与粗糙集截集的关系，证明了在完备同余关系下半群中的模糊准素理想的粗糙集是模糊准素理想；第六章是环中粗准素理想和粗模糊准素理想，将半群中的相(来源：A70BC论文网www.abclunwen.com)应结果推广到环中；第七章是半环中的粗模糊子半环，首先，给出上粗模糊子半环及上粗模糊理想等概念，并研究了它们的性质。

At the same time, some properties of rough Set in quotient ring are given and proved. The fifth chapter is Rough Primary Ideals and Rough Fuzzy Primary Ideals in Semigroups, the concept of rough primary ideals and fuzzy rough primary ideals in semigroups are introduced. Under the condition of the complete congruence relation, a rough set of a primary ideal in semigroups is proved to be its primary ideal.

同时，在商环中讨论了粗糙集的一些性质，并给出这些结论的严格证明；第五章是半群中的粗准素理想和粗模糊准素理想，首次提出了半群中的粗准素理想与粗模糊准素理想的概念，证明了在完备同余关系下，半群中准素理想的粗糙集是准素理想。

In rough sets based on accessible relation, we merge rough set theory and accessible relation into one model. Compared with classical rough set models(including Pawlak rough set model and various precise rough set model), the new model is more general.

基于可达关系的粗糙集模型是将可达关系应用于粗糙集理论中，这种模型比传统的粗糙集模型(Pawlak模型和可变精度粗糙集模型)更一般，将粗糙集理论推广到一般的方法论。

In this chapter, firstly, the definition of rough rings and its properties are given. Then the definition and properties of rough subrings, rough ideals and rough quotient rings are put forward and proved. Finally, homomorphism and isomorphism of rough rings is studied.

在这一章中，首先给出了粗糙环的定义及其性质，其次给出了粗糙子环、粗糙理想、粗糙商环的定义及其性质，最后研究了粗糙环的同态与同构。

Some new basic concepts are proposed in this paper, including the approximation space of generalization, rough approximation axiom, disturbance set axiom, classification principle of rough set, principle of nondeterministic even set, principle classification, bit quantum symmetric classification, of concentration, game classification, quantum logic incomparable set, bit space set, protocol relation, rough set function of protocol relation, rough classification algebra, rough simple algebra, etc., and a guess is also proposed.

提出了广义近似空间、粗近似公理、干扰集公理、粗糙集的分类原则、粗选原则、不确定偶集原则、精选原则、对策分类、量子逻辑分类、bit量子对称分类、不可比集、bit空间集、协议关系、粗糙集函数、粗糙分类代数和粗糙单代数等基本概念，并提出了一个猜想；展示了一些新观点；基于协议关系构造了粗糙商代数和粗糙子代数，给出了回避-归并算法及算例。

objective to study the correlation among psychosomatic health factors,depression,anxiety and sleep status in college students,to analyze influence factors in sleep status.methods with questionnaire opened in-vestigation,200college students were evaluated using cornell medical index,self-rating depression,self-rating anxiety scaleand pittsburgh sleep quality index.stepwise regression analysis was used.re-sults total score of sds was35.55±7.8,and sas was0.48±0.9.each score of cmi was higher than normal range,the highest was digestion system,next was respiration system,then,fatigue,eyes and ears,anxiety,sensitivity,tension,maladjustment in turn.total average score of psqi was6.32±3.6,ordinary sleep were115cases（57.5%）,good and bad sleep were42（21%）and43（21.5%）cases respectively.influence factors in total score of psqi were sas,cmi,respiration system,anxiety,past healthy,digestion system,fatigue,sensitivity,sds and malad-justment in turn,using stepwise regression analysis,total score of psqi as dependent variable,each factor score of cmi,total score of sds and sas as independent variables.conclusion problems of psychosomatic health,anxiety and depression could both lead to sleep disorder.

目的 研究在校大学生心身健康因素及抑郁焦虑等与睡眠状况的相关性，并对影响睡眠状况的有关因素进行分析。方法采用问卷式的开放性研究，对在校的200名大学生进行康奈尔心身健康问卷、自评抑郁量表、焦虑自评量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量量表的测定，采用逐步回归分析方法。结果 sds总分为35.55±7.8、sas总分为0.48±0.9，cmi评分：消化系统最为严重评分为2.52，其次为呼吸系统、疲劳感、眼和耳、焦虑、敏感、紧张、不适应等，评分均高于正常常模。psqi总均分为6.32±3.6，一般睡眠有115例占57.5%，睡眠质量较好42例占21.0%，睡眠质量较差43例占21.5%。评估对睡眠状况的影响程度，以psqi总分为因变量，选择cmi各因子分和sds、sas总分作为自变量，进行多因素逐步回归分析，进入方程的因素依据标准化偏回归系数，影响psqi总分的因素依次为sas总分、cmi总分、呼吸系统、焦虑、既往健康、消化系统、疲劳感、敏感、sds总分、不适应（f=226.8；p.01；r=0.73）。结论心身健康问题和焦虑抑郁可导致睡眠障碍。

Out where the river broke The bloodwood and the desert oak Holden wrecks and boiling diesels Steam in forty five degrees The time has come To say fair's fair To pay the rent To pay our share The time has come A fact's a fact It belongs to them Let's give it back How can we dance when our earth is turning How do we sleep while our beds are burning How can we dance when our earth is turning How do we sleep while our beds are burning The time has come To say fair's fair To pay the rent, now To pay our share Four wheels scare the cockatoos From Kintore East to Yuendemu The western desert lives and breathes In forty five degrees The time has come To say fair's fair To pay the rent To pay our share The time has come A fact's a fact It belongs to them Let's give it back How can we dance when our earth is turning How do we sleep while our beds are burning How can we dance when our earth is turning How do we sleep while our beds are burning The time has come To say fair's fair To pay the rent, now To pay our share The time has come A fact's a fact It belongs to them Let's give it back How can we dance when our earth is turning How do we sleep while our beds are burning

在哪里爆发的河流该bloodwood和沙漠橡树霍顿沉船和沸腾柴油蒸汽在45度现在时机已到如果说公平公正付房租我们的支付份额现在时机已到一个事实是事实它属于他们让我们回到我们怎么能跳舞时，我们的地球是转折点我们怎么睡觉，而我们的床燃烧我们怎么能跳舞时，我们的地球是转折点我们怎么睡觉，而我们的床燃烧现在时机已到如果说公平公正付房租，现在我们的支付份额四个轮子吓唬cockatoos 从金托尔东Yuendemu 西部沙漠的生命和呼吸在45度现在时机已到如果说公平公正付房租我们的支付份额现在时机已到一个事实是事实它属于他们让我们回到我们怎么能跳舞时，我们的地球是转折点我们怎么睡觉，而我们的床燃烧我们怎么能跳舞时，我们的地球是转折点我们怎么睡觉，而我们的床燃烧现在时机已到如果说公平公正付房租，现在我们的支付份额现在时机已到一个事实是事实它属于他们让我们回到我们怎么能跳舞时，我们的地球是转折点我们怎么睡觉，而我们的床燃烧

Mr. Putin said there were signs of genocide against the Ossetian people.

普京说，有迹象表明对南奥塞梯人进行了种族清洗。

What I'm trying to say, Tristan is...

特瑞斯坦。我想说的是。