查询词典 shear

Considering all of above, combined the subsection of "the study of the repair and strengthening method for existing bridge" with the sustentation fund of Ministry of Education, the bond characteristic, failure mechanism and shear strength computation of interface between new and old concrete and their applications in bridge strengthening are studied through the model test with embedded bar or not. The research works are mainly concerned with the following aspects: Firstly, considering different influence factors, the full-range shear experiment of 6 groups with 18 Z-shape specimens is executed. The bond shear capacity of interface is studied as well as the degree of influence such as interface roughness, agent, strength of new and old concrete, the depth of embedded bar.

本文围绕教育部《高等学校优秀青年教师教学科研奖励计划》之子课题&既有桥梁的维修加固方法研究&，结合有和无植筋状况下的模型试验，研究新老混凝土结合面的粘结性能、粘结破坏机理和粘结抗剪强度的计算及在桥梁加固中的应用。

Usually, maximum shear modulus is determined by strain method in laboratory, rather than by shear velocity method in-situ,and based on it,shear modulus ratio and damping ratio of soil can be provided.

最大剪切模量是影响土的动剪切模量比、阻尼比和土层地震反应的最重要参数之一。

Through a great number of experiments, the paper put forward to shear test index of graded broken stone with self-invented instrument, analyzes its influence rule by varying gradation, water content, compactness, shear rate and lateral compression; studies systematically the changing rule of CBR, infiltration index and thermal conductivity by gradation; works out the suitable biggest particle size, key screen openings and range of their reasonable percentage passing; put forward to graded broken stone design methodology based on CBR and shear strength and construction method in perennially frozen soil zone.

本文通过大量试验，利用自行研发设备，提出了级配碎石的抗剪切性能指标，分析了级配、含水量、密实度、剪切速率、侧压力对抗剪切性能的影响规律；系统研究了级配对CBR值、渗水性能、导热性能的影响规律；通过CBR试验和抗剪切试验，得到了最佳级配最大粒径和关键筛孔及其通过率合理变化范围；提出了基于CBR值和剪切强度双指标控制的级配碎石组成设计方法及适宜多年冻土地区的施工工艺。

Test results show that Taichung Harbor Sand/ concrete block, the interface friction angle and shear strength are difference, related with the size of the grid opening, the grid number of horizontal opening, Soil and the geogrid system has more obvious acts, such as the shear stress to the displacement of shear increases, the interface will increase friction angle.

试验结果得知在上盒台中港砂/下盒混凝土块体，其影响界面摩擦角与剪力强度差异是与格网横向勒条数，开孔大小有关格网横向勒条数越多且网目越小，土壤与格网互制行为越为明显，剪应力将随著剪力位移的增加而增加，界面摩擦角将会提高。

By considering the influences of initial packing fraction, shear rate and friction coefficient on the shear velocity profile, local packing fraction and coordinate number, we have investigate the mean flow features inside shear granular flows.

根据初始体积分数、剪切率、摩擦系数等对系统内剪切速度廓线、局部体积分数和配位数等的影响规律，分析了剪切颗粒系统的平均流动特征。

The results show that the plasticity zone and dynamically quiescent layer become fine equiaxed recrystallisation under the thermo-mechanical effect, the grains in the heat-affected zone grow up because of the effect of friction heat. When the rotation speed is 2 500 r/min and the welding time is 12 s, good joint is achieved, and the tensile shear strength of the joint reaches 9.24 kN. The tensile shear strength of spot increases with increasing tool rotation speed, with increasing welding time, the strength increases first, while then reduces. The microhardness of plasticity zone is high, but is slightly lower than that of the base metal, the minimum value of microhardness is in the heat affected zone. When the energy input of joint is high, the fracture type of spot is mode Ⅰ, and the tensile shear strength is high; on the contrary, when the energy input of joint is less the fracture type of spot is mode Ⅱ, and the strength is low.

结果表明：塑性区和动态静止层的晶粒在热和力作用下发生动态再结晶形成细小的等轴晶，热影响区的晶粒在摩擦热作用下长大变粗；搅拌头旋转速度为2 500 r/min，焊接时间为12 s时，可以获得力学性能较好的焊点，焊点的剪切强度达到9.24 kN；焊点的剪切强度随搅拌头旋转速度的增大而增大，随焊接时间的延长先增大后减小；塑性区的显微硬度较高，但略小于母材，接头显微硬度的最小值分布在热影响区；焊点热输入量较多时，接头为Ⅰ型断裂，焊点的剪切强度较高；焊点热输入量较少时，接头为Ⅱ型断裂，焊点的强度较低。

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

This thesis is aimed to study the two boundary ductile shear zones of the Qilianmicrocontinent, both of them are large ductile strike-slip shear zones, and to understand thecharacteristics and nature of shearing, original mechanism, and their contribution to the orogen,through the investigation of their spatial distribution, geometry, structural analysis, chemicalcomposition of mylonite and syntectonic anatexis, and geochronology.

祁连微地体的南北边界均为大型韧性走滑剪切带。本论文旨在通过调查这两条韧性剪切带的空间分布、几何学和运动学特征，形成的温压条件、时代，探讨这些大型韧性走滑剪切作用的特征、性质，形成机制，以及它们对造山作用的贡献。

Furthermore, finite element program ABAQUS6.5 was also used to simulate experimental course. Results show that the change of ply splice angle will lead to shear stress concentration on 0 ply in splice region. But the average of shear stress along notch root of specimens almost does not change.

采用有限元软件ABAQUS6.5对实验过程进行模拟，得到拼接层角度改变将引起拼接层中0层出现切应力集中，但沿缺口切应力的平均值几乎不变。

This paper will analyze the mechanical performance of the wheel and design a test-bed to test the performance of the lunar rover's wheel. Firstly, the mechanical characters of the soil are separated to press-sinkage character and shear character based on Bekker's theory, and common press-sinkage and shear models are introduced and the theory of Lankine passive earth pressure is also introduced. These basic theories are helpful to construct model.

根据Bekker半经验法的基本思想，将土壤的力学特性分解为水平方向的剪切特性和竖直方向的承压特性，阐述了地面力学中常见的土壤的承压、剪切等力学模型，并引入了朗肯被动土压力理论，为建立车轮在松软土壤中前进和转向的力学模型奠定了基础，同时进行了实验土壤的剪切实验，测量了土壤的内聚力和内摩擦角等参数。

The small blue capacitor has very high chances to go fully shorted compare to electrolytic capacitor which is very rare.

小蓝电容器具有很高的机会去充分地缩短了比较电解电容器，这是非常罕见的。

In the Italian campaigns of 1513 and 1515, when the Swiss won the victories of Novara and Marignan, he acted as army chaplain.

在意大利的运动， 1513年和1515年，当瑞士赢得了胜利，诺瓦拉和marignan ，他担任军队的牧师。