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The reaction of disproportionation of gum rosin catalyzed by AH nonnoble metal catalyst was studied, and the effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, particle size of catalyst, and stir speed were investigated.

用AH型非贵金属催化剂催化松香歧化反应，考察了搅拌速率，催化剂粒度，反应温度，反应时间对反应的影响，建立了动力学方程。

In the hydroxylation of phenol with H〓O〓 in the presence of Ti-ZSM-5, water is best solvent. It produces catechol and hydroquinone simultaneously, and catechol/hydroquinone ratio is approximately 0.85. The results show H〓O〓 utilization ratio increase 14%, when nonoxidizable weak acid HAc is added into the reaction system. Under the conditions of Ti-ZSM-5 as catalyst, phenol/H〓O〓 ratio being 10, a little HAc, temperature 75℃, reaction time 6h, H〓O〓 utilization ratio reaches 74. 6mo1% in the reaction.

对Ti-ZSM-5催化苯酚羟基化的研究结果表明，水是最好的溶剂，羟基化有邻、对苯二酚两种产物，并且邻苯二酚/对苯二酚摩尔比可维持在～0.85左右；向反应体系中加入非氧化性弱酸性助剂HAc时，H〓O〓有效利用率较未加入助剂时可提高14mol%；当催化剂用量为8g/100g苯酚、苯酚/H〓O〓比为10、反应温度75℃、添加少量HAc的条件下，反应6h后，H〓O〓有效利用率可达74.6mol%。

Firstly, the reaction thermodynamics was analyzed. Then, the reaction mechanism was studied, and the results are as following:① Ca moves to the surface of Dy〓O〓 by vapor phase;② Dy〓O〓 reduced to Dy by Ca is fast;③ Dy moves to the Fe surface mainly by vapor and various Dy-Fe alloys are produced gradually;④ The forming process of DyFe〓 may be described by Contracting Core Model;⑤ The rate-controlling step of the reaction is the Dy diffusing toward contracted and nonreaction nuclear center Fe.

首先考察反应的热力学可能性；其次探讨反应机理；通过实验确定：①Ca主要以气态形式迁移到Dy〓O〓表面参与反应；②Dy〓O〓被Ca还原为Dy的速度很快；③Dy主要以气态形式迁移到Fe表面逐级生成Dy-Fe合金；④DyFe〓的形成过程可以应用收缩核模型来描述；⑤Dy通过DyFe〓产物层向缩小的未反应核中心Fe的扩散是反应的控速步骤，通过动力学计算确定：还原扩散反应的表观活化能E〓=45kJ/mol。

The resules show that the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: tin octoate is used as catalyst; w(SnOct2)lw and w(nano-SiO2)/w is 1:400 and 1:20, respectively; the reaction temperature is 140 CC and the reaction time is 72 h. Under this conditions, composite withM of 1.5091×10^5 was obtained.

结果表明，最优的反应条件为：采用辛酸亚锡为催化剂，催化剂用量和二氧化硅用量分别为丙交酯用量的0.25%和5%，在140℃油浴中，氮气保护下反应72h，可得到重均分子量为1.5091×10^5的聚乳酸纳米二氧化硅复合材料。

In order to solve the problems such as multiple components in products, long time of rectification, high energy consumption, low yield and purity of product occurring during the production of p - octyl phenol, the effects of reaction conditions including reaction temperature, reaction time, the molar ratio of phenol to diisobutene on the conversion and yield of the product were examined.

为解决对辛基酚生产过程中精馏时存在组分多、精馏时间长、能耗高、产品收率和纯度低等问题，用正交实验探讨反应温度、反应时间、苯酚与二异丁烯原料摩尔比3因素对原料转化率和产品对辛基酚收率的影响。

Thus, in order to attain acetal can be used as precursor of its matrix olefine aldehyde, 2-undecental glycol acetal was synthesized, and the corresponding optimum reaction conditions as: 2-undecental 0.2mol, glycol 0.3mol, cyclohexane as solvent, catalysed by vitamin C, the optium reaction time was 6h, its reaction yield could reach over 77.25%.

为了进一步探求效果更理想的前体化合物，本文继续合成了2-十一烯醛乙二醇缩醛，通过单因素优化实验得到最佳反应条件为：环己烷作溶剂，VC作催化剂，用量0.42%，醛醇物质的量之比0.2：0.3，反应时间6h，此条件下产品收率达77.25%。

Study result suggest: The change of stock in RFCCU directly affect gasoline content. Gasoline content can be reduced through increasing the equilibrium activity of catalyst, controlling reaction level, increasing recirculating rate of gasoline and stability of gasoline level. Conclusions drawn from experiment is that optimization of operating condition has great effect on lowering olefine content of gasoline which can be reduced from 60% to 50%.Reducing reaction temperature is useful for lowering olefine content of gasoline, when the reaction temperature is raised, thermal cracking rate is higher than catalytic cracking rate, so that olefine content is increased. Raising catalyst-to-oil ratio is good for lowering olefine content. With conversion rate increased, the yield of LPG and coke is raised, the yield of gasoline is increased firstly and then decreased slightly, hydrogen transfer index is increased, so the olefine content is decreased.

研究结果表明：催化裂化装置的原料的变化直接影响到催化汽油的烯烃含量；可以通过优化催化装置的操作条件来降低催化汽油中的烯烃含量，其中通过提高催化剂平衡活性、控制反应深度、增加汽油回炼量、汽油深度稳定可以降低催化汽油烯烃含量，优化工艺条件对降低催化汽油烯烃含量有较大作用，汽油烯烃含量由60％降至50％左右；降低反应温度有利于降低催化汽油的烯烃含量，当反应温度的提高，热裂化反应速度提高的幅度大于催化裂化反应速度提高的幅度，汽油烯烃含量增加；剂油比的提高有利于降低催化汽油的烯烃含量，转化率提高，液化气产率提高，汽油收率先增加后略有下降，焦炭产率增加，氢转移反应指数提高，汽油烯烃含量下降；反应时间对产品分布及汽油烯烃含量有影响，增加提升管反应时间，液化汽、汽油产率提高，干气和焦炭产率增加。

The reaction has been drawing increased attention in that the reaction permit the use of organoboron compounds that are thermally stable and inert to water and oxygen.In this section microwave promoted Suzuki reaction of Sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh4) with carboxylic anhydrides catalyzed by Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 in THF was first reported.

第二章：微波辐射下Pd配合物催化NaBPh_4与羧酸酐的偶联反应研究本章中我们在微波辐射条件下，研究了PdCl_2(PPh_3)_2催化NaBPh_4与羧酸酐偶联反应，合成出了十种不对称芳酮，并分别考察了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、溶剂和原料配比等因素对反应的影响，优选出了较佳的反应条件，并根据文献及实验结果，讨论了可能的反应机理。

Meantime, we further studied this reaction under microwave irradiation conditions and first introduced the concept of the solvent-free and no-catalyst in this reaction, expanded the olefination of organozinc halides reagents with aldehydes, enlarged the application scopes of this reaction.

同时在微波辐射条件下进一步研究了该类反应，并在该类反应中初步引进无溶剂、非催化的概念，扩展和完善了有机卤化锌试剂与醛的烯基化反应，扩大了其应用范围。

Products have good thermal stability anddecomposition temperature above 200℃; Selected lauryl amine as a case, then optimizedthe synthesis conditions by orthometric trial, and obtained the best synthesis technichs: themolar ratio of 1: 2.1, the reaction temperature was controlled at 80℃and the reaction timeof 16 h, reaction to the solvent n-propanol.

并对其热稳定性进行了分析，合成产物具有较好的热稳定性，分解温度都在200℃以上；以十二胺为例，用正交实验法优化合成条件，获得最佳合成工艺为：摩尔配比为1：2.1，反应温度控制在80℃，反应时间为16h，反应所用的溶剂为正丙醇。

It has to be computed by the host for the actual clock rate.

主控制器可以用来计算实际的时钟速率。

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