查询词典 pollen

The microspore was more like a tetrahedron, whilethe polar was more like a triangle. The number of microspore in every anther wasbetween 2600～3600, so the amount of pollen was quite large that it was propitiousto spread and pollination. P/O was 8088 and the breed system was singleheterosexual copulatoryb. The viability of pollen was normally above 50%. The testof pollen culture showed that the viability of pollen was up to the tiptop under thehigher temperature and lower humidity (38℃,40%),while it was weakest under thelower temperature and lower humidity (16℃,40%).The OCI is 4, and the breedsystem was belong to autocopulation. If it was heterosexual copulatory, there must beintermediums for pollination. It was recorded there were more than 40 species ofinsects on the anthotaxy or followers of Malania Oleifera. Under different weather,different living environments and different plants the frequency and rush hour of theinsects to visit the followers were different. Actions of different kinds of insect werealso different. According to the results of the observation, the form of fluid and seedof Malania Oleifera mostly rely on the action of insect pollination, especially thebees.

蒜头果的花序为聚伞形花序，有小花8～10朵，小花较小；按花粉大小等级划分，蒜头果的花粉粒属于小的范围；花粉粒呈近四面体，极面为近三角形：每粒花药所含的花粉粒在2600～3600粒之间，花粉量较大，有利于花粉的传播和授粉；胚珠比值为8088，繁育系统为专性异交类型；花粉生活力一般在50％以上；在不同温度湿度条件下测得蒜头果花粉的生活力在高温低湿(38℃，40％)的条件下最高，在低温低湿(16℃，40％)的条件下最低；杂交指数值为4，繁育系统自交亲和，异交，需要传粉者；记录到的访花昆虫有40余种，访花昆虫的访花频率及高峰时间不同，不同种类的昆虫的访花行为也是各有所异；从观察的结果看，蒜头果的种实的形成大多数依赖于传粉昆虫的活动，其中主要是蜂类。

The results showed that: different concentrations of sucrose and boric acid had significant impact on pollen germination, but different concentrations of calcium had no significant impact on pollen germination. It was most appropriate for tube elongation when sugar 150 gL^(-1) and boric acid 100 gL^(-1). Lack of sucrose would lead to the accumulation of callose in top of pollen tube and hold back its growth. The distribution of callose was regular in pollen tube when the medium lacked boric.

结果表明：蔗糖、硼酸浓度间对花粉萌发有显著影响，钙浓度间对花粉萌发的促进作用不明显；蔗糖150 gL^(-1)、硼酸100 mgL^(-1)时最适宜花粉管伸长；蔗糖的缺乏会导致胼胝质在花粉管顶端积累，使其生长停滞，缺硼时胼胝质在花粉管内分布正常。

The conversion boundary of self-incompatibility was researched by sowing by stage. Sunshine of day and temperature was studied critically by investigating leafage and researching traits indoors. The results showed that the daily minimum temperature was the principal factor of affinity conversion and the affinity conversion boundary was 16.5~18.1℃.HE97 was primarily regard as self-incompatible line in this research. The method was by inbreeding and sib HE97, Half the silk of HE97 and Zheng58. Inbreeding and cross have been done simultaneously. The extending condition of pollen tube was observed by dying the silk after pollinating 4 hours. The individuals with pollen tube were observed having seeds, while the individuals without pollen tube were observed having few seeds or no seeds. So this study regard HE97 as sporophytic self-incompatibility .The planting ration of female parent HE97 and male parent 87-1 was 4:1.The nature cross-pollination was studied by the theory of endosperm xenity, the study show that the setting percentage of HE97 was 625%, in which the seed in self was 70% and the seed in hybrid was 30%. This was consistent with the study of silk anatomy structure, then come to the same conclusion: compatible pollen germination and fertilization can stimulate the self-incompatible pollen germination and fertilization in the same corn cob.

通过分期播种，进行了光温敏自交不亲和材料HE97亲和性转换区间的研究，依据田间跟踪调查叶龄及室内考种研究了HE97亲和性转换区间的光温临界值，结果表明：1日最低温度是影响HE97自交不亲和性的主要原因，亲和性转换区间在16.5℃～18.1℃之间。2通过HE97自交和姊妹交以及将HE97与郑58作为双亲，各自的花丝一分为二，分别正反交，授粉后4个小时分别取其花丝进行固定、染色，观察花粉管的伸长情况，根据结实率与花粉管伸长的对应关系，结果发现观察到花粉管的对应植株收获到了种子，而没有观察到花粉管的对应植株结实率极低或没有结实，本研究把HE97初步划为孢子体自交不亲和类型。3以HE97为母本，87-1为父本，按4母：1父行比，通过花粉直感效应研究天然异交率，结果母本HE97结实良好(62%)，其中自交粒占70%，异交粒占30%，结合花丝切片观察表明，亲和花粉的萌发及受精会导致落在同一果穗柱头上不亲和花粉的萌发不再受抑制。

Two of these protein bands, with a molecular weight of 12 000 Mr and 14 000 Mr, showed immunoreactivity with IgE in the sera from patients with allergy to pollen of Caryota ochlandra. For the pollen extract of Carvota mitis, 30 protein bands were detected in SDS-PAGE, and three of these protein bands, with a molecular weight of 12000, 14000, and 26000 Mr, showed immunoreactivity with IgE in the sera from patients with pollen allergy of Carvota mitis. The 14000 Mr protein was the major allergen. Result from the ion-exchange chromatography indicated that the two pollen allergens (12 000、14000 Mr) from Caryota ochlandra were eluted in the second peak. The major pollen allergen of Carvota mitis was eluted in the forth and fifth peak.

结果 长穗鱼尾葵花粉有30余条蛋白带，其中主要条带有18条，12000和14000 Mr为长穗鱼尾葵花粉特异性变应原；短穗鱼尾葵花粉有30余条蛋白带，其中主要条带有9条，26000、1200和14000 Mr为短穗鱼尾葵花粉特异性变应原，其中14000 Mr为主要变应原；通过离子交换层析方法纯化出长穗鱼尾葵花粉相对分子质量为12000和14000的变应原主要分布在Ⅱ峰中，短穗鱼尾葵花粉相对分子质量为14000阳的主要变应原分布在Ⅴ峰和Ⅵ峰中。

Pollen morphology of the Chinese monotypic genus Dichotomanthes and its out-group Prinsepia utilis were investigated from the point of view of pollen development. The SEM observation revealed that there is not any change in morphology and sculpture of pollen grains from the young pollen grain seperated from callose of tetraspore to the mature pollen grain in Dichotomanthes tristaniaecarpa. Only the volume of pollen grain increased with maturity.

从发育的角度研究了中国特有单种属Dichotomanthes Kurz及与其系统学研究有关的外类群Prinsepia utilis的花粉形态，扫描电镜观察显示Dichotomanthes花粉粒自脱离四分体胼胝质膜开始至成熟二核花粉粒不同发育时期，花粉形态和外壁纹饰未见变化，仅花粉体积随成熟度增加而有所增大。

When there was only one pollen donor, gene flow frequency was in direct proportion to the pollen density.(8) The strong pollen competition from self-pollination might contribute to the very low outcrossing rates and gene flow frequencies in rice varieties.(9) The study of rice pollen flow showed that with the artificial disturbance of pollen dispersal there were pollen grains detected at 90 m from the pollen sources.

9对水稻花粉流的研究显示，在赶粉的实验条件下，于远离花粉源的90 m处仍然检测到花粉分布，回归分析显示水稻的花粉可以传播100 m以上，甚至在远离花粉源的200 m的距离处仍然可能有花粉分布，这表明水稻的花粉可以传播非常远的距离。

On the basis of pollen analysis of surface sample in North China, polynomial function analysis method was applied to establish pollen climate response surface of Pinus, Betula, Quercus, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Picea, Ephedra, Gramineae in North China, therefore an easy and applicable method for reconstructing palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment with data of fossil pollen was founded; Multi-analysis method was applied to analyse the principal elements of surface sample pollen in central Inner Mongolia Steppe, the assemblages of surface sample pollen in steppe area and its relationship with vegetation type were discussed with helps from spore-pollen analysis of a peat section in Chasuqi, Inner Mongolia and 〓C chronometer, fossil pollen data were obtained with high resolution on the peat section in Chasuqi. Vegetation succession and environmental changes since Holocene at resolution of 70 years were primarily reconstructed in south Mount Daqingshan and Plain Tumete. The changes in the area were copmared with those in the neighbouring areas during the same period. It was found that Holocene environmental change had undergone the following stages: cold-arid, temperate-wet, warm-wet, temperate-arid and cold-arid, and the climatical optimum period occurred in 5000-4100 aB.

本文在对中国北方表土花粉研究的基础上，采用多项式函数回归方法建造了中国北方松属、桦属、栎属、蒿属、藜科、菊科、云杉属、麻黄属、禾本科等的花粉——气候趋势面，从而为利用化石花粉资料直接恢复古气候、古环境提供了一种方便易行的方法；采用多元分析方法对内蒙古中部草原区表土花粉进行了主成分分析，探讨了草原区表土花粉组合的规律及与植被类型的关系；本文还应用孢粉分析方法，结合〓C测年技术，通过内蒙古中部察素齐泥炭剖面高分辨率的化石花粉数据，初步恢复了大青山山地南部及土默特平原地区分辨率为70年的全新世以来植被演替和环境变迁的状况，并与邻近地区的全新世古气候、古环境进行了对比研究，研究发现，本区域全新世古环境的变迁序列基本上可以与周围地区及华北地区进行对比，其环境变迁经历了凉干～温湿～暖湿～温干～凉干的变化，且气候最适宜期出现在5000～4100aB.P。

Exosporium See pollen.

花粉外壁：参见 pollen。

In mixoploid plants, somatic cells with 2n=25~29 were most frequent except for a few haploid cells (2n=19) and chromosome doubling cells (2n=50~60). Abnormal chromosome behaviors were observed in pollen mother cells from mixoploid BI-1 and haploid, including chromosome bridges, laggard chromosomes, meiotic cycle asynchrony and unequal separation of chromosomes.

对混倍体植株BI-1和单倍体植株的花粉母细胞(Pollen mother cells，PMCs)减数分裂染色体行为观察发现，高频率出现染色体落后、染色体桥、染色体分裂周期不同步、不均等分离等异常染色体行为。

The ancients said:"longevity in air can cause longevity", so pine pollen can be called "King of pollen." 2, full nutrition are pine-hung pine pollen-tipped stamens of the sperm cells, bears a heavy pine reproduction, which is the essence of pine, Beijing 301 Hospital of trace elements by the Research and Technical University of Munich, Germany (Europe's best-known trace elements Research Center) in cooperation of pine pollen nutrients all made the most scientific testing, during the surprise discovery of pine pollen longevity life contains all the necessary nutrients, and with a reasonable and be able to fully complement and balance the human body nutrition.

古人称：&松柏之气可以使人长寿&，所以松花粉堪称&花粉之王&。2、全营养松花粉是松树雄花蕊的精细胞，担负着松树繁衍的重任，它是松树的精华，经北京301医院微量元素研究室与德国慕尼黑技术大学（欧洲最著名的微量元素研究中心）合作，对松花粉所有的营养成份作了最科学的检测，期间惊奇的发现，松花粉里含有长寿生命体所需的全部营养成份，且搭配合理，能够全面补充、均衡人体所需的营养。

Next time I see you,I shall give you a black eye.

下次我看见你，我会打你一顿。

In this paper,design scheme of classification system of wood surface color is established.

提出了木质板材颜色分类的系统设计方案。