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A Whoever, without the consent of the patentee, marks upon, or affixes to, or uses in advertising in connection with anything made, used, offered for sale, or sold by same person within the United States, or imported by the person into the United States, the name or any imitation of the name of the patentee, the patent number, or the words "patent,""patentee," or the like, with the intent of counterfeiting or imitating the mark of the patentee, or of deceiving the public and inducing them to believe that the thing was made, offered for sale, sold, or imported into the United States by or with the consent of the patentee; or Whoever marks upon, or affixes to, or uses in advertising in connection with any unpatented article the word "patent" or any word or number importing the same is patented, for the purpose of deceiving the public; or Whoever marks upon, or affixes to, or uses in advertising in connection with any article the words "patent applied for,""patent pending," or any word importing that an application for patent has been made, when no application for patent has been made, or if made, is not pending, for the purpose of deceiving the public - Shall be fined not more than $500 for every such offense.

a未经专利权人之同意，意图伪造或仿造专利权人之标示，或意图欺瞒公众，使公众误认其产品为专利权人于美国境内所制造、要约销售或销售，或由专利权人输入至美国境内，或经其同意者，而将专利权人之姓名或仿名、专利号码，或"专利"、"专利权人"等类似之字样、标示、粘贴或使用于其所制造、使用、要约销售、销售于美国境内或输入美国境内之任何产品；或以欺瞒公众为目的，将"专利"或任何隐含已获准专利之字样或号码，标示、粘贴或使用于未准专利产品之广告上；或以欺瞒公众为目的，于申请专利前，或虽申请而已遭核驳之状态下，将"专利申请中"，或"专利审查中"，或隐含专利已提出申请等字样，标示、粘贴或使用于其产品之广告上者－每一违反行为，处五百元以下之罚金。

Chapter Three compiled various theories about the patent conflict of, analyzed the formation cause of the patent\'s regional characteristic, clarified the theoretical foundation of breaking through the regional characteristic of patent and pointed out thenecessity of the vanishment of the regional characteristic of patent. Nowadays some countries have already broken through the regional characteristic of patent rights and innovated in the jurisdiction of the foreign-concerning cases in order to solve the transnational disputes of patent rights that are brought by the close international contactChapter Four probed the possibility of the settlement of conflicts of laws of patent rights.

第3章梳理了专利权法律冲突的各种学说，分析了专利权地域性形成的原因，阐明突破专利权地域性的理论依据，指出专利权地域性的消失带有必然性，现阶段部分国家已经突破了专利权的地域性，并且在涉外案件的管辖制度上进行了创新，用以解决国际交往密切所带来的跨国专利权纠纷。

dwpi patent database of thomson group was chosen, led signal display technology patents between january 1, 1965 to december 31, 2008 were collected and the associated patent database was established. derwent innovation index patent analysis system was chosen, these led signal display technology patents were analyzed deeply from the total amount of patent applications, key led patents and key patent holders respectively. the present patent status of abroad and china's were compared. the patent strategy of developing our nation's led signal display technology was also discussed.

选择thomson集团的dwpi英文专利数据库，采集1965年1月1日到2008年12月31日期间的led信号显示技术专利文献，建立英文专利数据库；再选择derwent innovation index专利分析系统，分别从专利申请总量、重点专利技术和重点专利持有人等方面，对led信号显示技术专利进行深入的分析，并对比分析国内外led信号显示技术专利的现状，提出发展我国led信号显示技术的专利策略。

The third part presents the collection of patent indicators horizontally from the point of patent exterior characteristics, such as quantity, time, geography and citing. The following part unfolds the usage of patent indicators in government, organization and technology field with real-life cases and highlights the core patent indicators from these fields. The last partof this dissertation summarizes the application of patent indicators and problems of patent analysis and suggested corresponding solutions.

全文共分6章：第一章主要阐述本文的研究内容、研究意义、研究方法和国内外研究现状；第二章论述专利的特点和进行专利分析的理论与实践基础，论证专利分析的可行性及其在战略决策中可发挥的作用；第三章对专利分析的指标进行梳理和定义，主要从横向层面上对专利分析指标进行了归类和简单的意义解释；第四章从纵向层面上探讨专利分析指标在国家、机构、技术领域决策中的应用，通过实例应用，筛选出各层次分析的核心指标；第五章结论，对专利指标的应用及指标应用中存在的问题进行归纳、思考和探讨。

In case a patent agency cancels the employment relationship with any patent agent, the patent agency shall take back the practicing certificate of the patent agent, and issue a dismissal certification, and go through the formalities for writing off the practicing certificate of the patent agent at the All-China Patent Agents Association within ten days after the dismissal certification is issued.

专利代理机构与专利代理人解除聘用关系的，应当由专利代理机构收回其专利代理人执业证，出具解聘证明，并在出具解聘证明之日起的10日内向中华全国专利代理人协会办理专利代理人执业证注销手续。

There are the main achievement of the companies〔Have already obtained the patent）: Patent number: ZL********144143,《The solar energy urges the generating equipment three times》, Patent number: ZL********5.7,《Solar energy changes in temperature air conditioning》Patent number: ZL********42645.8, The application patent:《The solar energy encloses and stops up a pile of penetrating type generating equipment》,《The solar energy does not have compressor refrigerator》.

公司的主要成果有：《太阳能冷暖器》专利号：ZL********42645.8；太阳能热陷阱式空调》专利号：ZL********78745.5；《间接式太阳能空调》专利号：ZL********13774.1；《太阳能喷射式制冷器》专利号：ZL********144143；《太阳能三促发电设备》专利号：ZL********5.7；《太阳能发电热水器》专利号：********27949.6等。产品通过国家体系认证及国家家电中心检测认证。公司奉行"以质量为生命，以诚信为法则"不断吸收中外先进技术和宝贵经验，不断开拓创新产品，上门安装跟踪服务。

There are the main achievement of the companies(have already obtained the patent ): patent number: zl2005201144143,《the solar energy urges the generating equipment three times》, patent number: zl00245835.7,《solar energy changes in temperature air conditioning》patent number: zl200410042645.8, the application patent:《the solar energy encloses and stops up a pile of penetrating type generating equipment》,《the solar energy does not

申请专利有：《太阳能围堵叠射式发电设备》、《太阳能无压缩机冰箱》等。公司的主要产品有：双抛面太阳能发电成型设备系列；新型太阳能发电检测系列；数控剪板成型设备系列；数控折弯设备系列；数控冲压设备等。公司奉行"以质量为生命，以诚信为法则"不断吸收中外先进技术和宝贵经验，不断开拓创新产品，为客户量身定做太阳能生产线，上门安装跟踪服务，确保成功。

The lifetime of a US Patent is now twenty years from its effective filing date, but a foreign applicant for a US patent could in effect have twenty-one years of patent protection - if they file a home country patent application and then file a US patent application at the of a one year time period - claiming priority with their home country application.

寿命的美国专利，现在二十年从其有效的提交日期，但外国申请美国专利的影响有可能在二十一年的专利保护-如果他们提出的国家专利申请，然后提交美国专利应用在了一年的时间内-声称优先与本国申请。

The main works of this paper include four points as follows:(1) Patent retrieval domain ontology is designed through analyzing the common concepts in searching patent information. And the international patent classification table is expressed using ontology;(2) Design users'interests model from the information actively provided by users and passively provided by system based on users'requirements and historical searching record;(3) Design and implement three patent retrieval modes: quick search, table search, and advance search to meet various users'demands. And combine ontology, user's interest model and the inputed retrieval condition when users search for patent informations. This realizes individualized retrieval which meets the demands of users;(4) When users's search term is inaccurate, the precision will drop markedly and users will receive many disrelated informations.

本文的主要工作包括以下四点：(1)通过分析专利检索的常用概念，设计了专利检索领域本体和国际专利分类表(International Patent Classification，IPC)的本体表示；(2)根据用户的需求以及历史检索记录，从用户主动提供和系统被动学习两方面着手，设计了用户兴趣模型的本体表示；(3)为满足不同层次、不同需求的用户，设计并实现了三种专利检索方式：快速检索、表格检索、高级检索，并将本体、用户兴趣模型、用户输入的检索条件三者相结合，实现满足用户需求的个性化检索；(4)通过设计将检索结果按IPC号分类，由用户自主选择需要浏览的类别来为用户提供个性化服务。

There are 40,000 software patents in 2006 and the rate of software patent is 20% of the issued patents in 2006. However, the growth of software patent gives rise to many disputes, such as "the bad quality of software patent,""floody patent lititgation," and "patent troll."

但随著全球软体专利件数的增加，其衍生争议同时亦袭卷全球，最令人非难的即是软体专利「品质不佳」、「诉讼氾滥」及「Patent Troll」等现象。

Therefore, it is imperative that you need to be prepared for the great change that is about to occur.

所以，你需要为快要出现的伟大改变准备好，这是必要的。

If u agree with our suggestion of dicker trade,we will exchange paper with u wood.

如果你方同意我们进行易货贸易的建议，我们将用纸与你们交换木材。