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IBM, Nokia, Pitney Bowles and Sony, in partnership with the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, have compiled a portfolio of patents — the Eco-Patent Commons — that can be used in manufacturing and business processes.

IBM、诺基亚、皮特内鲍斯和索尼与世界可持续发展工商理事会结成伙伴关系，提出了一份可用于制造和商业经营过程的专利清单――生态专利公共资源（Eco-Patent Commons）。

A Whoever, without the consent of the patentee, marks upon, or affixes to, or uses in advertising in connection with anything made, used, offered for sale, or sold by same person within the United States, or imported by the person into the United States, the name or any imitation of the name of the patentee, the patent number, or the words "patent,""patentee," or the like, with the intent of counterfeiting or imitating the mark of the patentee, or of deceiving the public and inducing them to believe that the thing was made, offered for sale, sold, or imported into the United States by or with the consent of the patentee; or Whoever marks upon, or affixes to, or uses in advertising in connection with any unpatented article the word "patent" or any word or number importing the same is patented, for the purpose of deceiving the public; or Whoever marks upon, or affixes to, or uses in advertising in connection with any article the words "patent applied for,""patent pending," or any word importing that an application for patent has been made, when no application for patent has been made, or if made, is not pending, for the purpose of deceiving the public - Shall be fined not more than $500 for every such offense.

a未经专利权人之同意，意图伪造或仿造专利权人之标示，或意图欺瞒公众，使公众误认其产品为专利权人于美国境内所制造、要约销售或销售，或由专利权人输入至美国境内，或经其同意者，而将专利权人之姓名或仿名、专利号码，或"专利"、"专利权人"等类似之字样、标示、粘贴或使用于其所制造、使用、要约销售、销售于美国境内或输入美国境内之任何产品；或以欺瞒公众为目的，将"专利"或任何隐含已获准专利之字样或号码，标示、粘贴或使用于未准专利产品之广告上；或以欺瞒公众为目的，于申请专利前，或虽申请而已遭核驳之状态下，将"专利申请中"，或"专利审查中"，或隐含专利已提出申请等字样，标示、粘贴或使用于其产品之广告上者－每一违反行为，处五百元以下之罚金。

Chapter Three compiled various theories about the patent conflict of, analyzed the formation cause of the patent\'s regional characteristic, clarified the theoretical foundation of breaking through the regional characteristic of patent and pointed out thenecessity of the vanishment of the regional characteristic of patent. Nowadays some countries have already broken through the regional characteristic of patent rights and innovated in the jurisdiction of the foreign-concerning cases in order to solve the transnational disputes of patent rights that are brought by the close international contactChapter Four probed the possibility of the settlement of conflicts of laws of patent rights.

第3章梳理了专利权法律冲突的各种学说，分析了专利权地域性形成的原因，阐明突破专利权地域性的理论依据，指出专利权地域性的消失带有必然性，现阶段部分国家已经突破了专利权的地域性，并且在涉外案件的管辖制度上进行了创新，用以解决国际交往密切所带来的跨国专利权纠纷。

The main works of this paper include four points as follows:(1) Patent retrieval domain ontology is designed through analyzing the common concepts in searching patent information. And the international patent classification table is expressed using ontology;(2) Design users'interests model from the information actively provided by users and passively provided by system based on users'requirements and historical searching record;(3) Design and implement three patent retrieval modes: quick search, table search, and advance search to meet various users'demands. And combine ontology, user's interest model and the inputed retrieval condition when users search for patent informations. This realizes individualized retrieval which meets the demands of users;(4) When users's search term is inaccurate, the precision will drop markedly and users will receive many disrelated informations.

本文的主要工作包括以下四点：(1)通过分析专利检索的常用概念，设计了专利检索领域本体和国际专利分类表(International Patent Classification，IPC)的本体表示；(2)根据用户的需求以及历史检索记录，从用户主动提供和系统被动学习两方面着手，设计了用户兴趣模型的本体表示；(3)为满足不同层次、不同需求的用户，设计并实现了三种专利检索方式：快速检索、表格检索、高级检索，并将本体、用户兴趣模型、用户输入的检索条件三者相结合，实现满足用户需求的个性化检索；(4)通过设计将检索结果按IPC号分类，由用户自主选择需要浏览的类别来为用户提供个性化服务。

There are 40,000 software patents in 2006 and the rate of software patent is 20% of the issued patents in 2006. However, the growth of software patent gives rise to many disputes, such as "the bad quality of software patent,""floody patent lititgation," and "patent troll."

但随著全球软体专利件数的增加，其衍生争议同时亦袭卷全球，最令人非难的即是软体专利「品质不佳」、「诉讼氾滥」及「Patent Troll」等现象。

Correct diagnosis by ultrasonography was made in 76% of cases with a patent urachus and 100%of cases with urachal cysts.

超音波检查对於patent urachus有76%正确诊断率，对於urachal cyst有100%正确诊断率。

Based on our experience, among variants of urachal anomalies, a patent urachus was the most common anatomic presentation seen at birth and in early infancy but was a less-common presentation in adults.

根据本院的经验，在脐尿管残迹的类型中，以patent urachus最常见，并且常发生在新生儿，较少见於成人。

Among them is Patent Lens, run by CAMBIA, a non-profit research institute, which tries to make it easier to track down relevant patents in a particular field.

其中之一就是由CAMBIA操作的Patent Lens，这家非盈利的研究机构试图简单的追踪某领域中的相关专利。

He then worked in a patent analyst role for Thomson, providing content for the Derwent World Patent Index, covering electronic materials and manufacturing, semiconductor devices and circuits and their manufacture, and electronic display technology including liquid crystal and electroluminescent displays.

之后，任专利分析师一职，为 Derwent World Patent Index 提供数据内容，领域覆盖电子材料和制造，半导体设备和电路及其制造商，以及包括液晶和电致发光显示器的电子显示技术。

First, the analysis methods of bygone patent map are studied through reviewing 4 patents retrieval system including domestic and foreign ones. I researched 4 patents retrieval systems which domestic: Patent Guider, Patent Pilot, overseas: Derwent, Delphion, and addressed differences between them by comparing each other's present situation, data sources, user interface, functions, and so on.

一、检讨既有国内外专利检索系统、专利地图分析方法之优缺；研究国内外数个相关专利检索系统（国内：Patent Guider、Patent Pilot，国外：Derwent、Delphion）的现况，分析界面、功能的差异，并且探讨系统中对於专利分析方法的优缺。

If Pentium 4 used to be the master of all games built on Quake3 engine, now the situation has changed completely.

如果奔腾4使用的是掌握所有游戏建立在求苛刻的发动机，现在的情况已完全改变。

No, this is not what we mean by framing, although the principle is the same.

不，这不是我们所讲的框架的含义，尽管法则是一样的。