查询词典 operational amplifier

The invention discloses a DC/DC circuit, comprising a PWM controller, a current amplifier, a peak current comparator, an error amplifier, a main switch, a synchronous switch and also an operational amplifier. The non inverting input end of the operational amplifier is used for coupling with input voltage or voltage reference, or used for coupling with the input voltage and the voltage reference; the inverting input end of the operational amplifier is used for coupling with the voltage reference or ground, and the output end thereof is connected with the non inverting input end of the error amplifier.

本发明公开了一种DC/DC电路，包括PWM控制器、电流放大器、峰值电流比较器、误差放大器、主开关和同步开关；还增设运算放大器，其同相输入端用于与输入电压或基准电压耦合，或用于同时与输入电压和基准电压耦合；其反相输入端用于与基准电压或地耦合，其输出端与所述误差放大器的同相输入端连接。

S1 is then changed to position 1. The voltage stored on C1 is inserted between the output and inverting input of the amplifier and the output of the amplifier changes by VIN to maintain the amplifier input at the input offset voltage. The output then changes from (VOS + IbiasR2) to (VIN + IbiasR2) as S1 is changed from position 2 to position 1. Amplifier bias current is supplied through R2 from the output of the amplifier or from C2 when S1 is in position 2 and position 1 respectively. R3 serves to reduce the offset at the amplifier output if the amplifier must have maximum linear range or if it is desired to DC couple the amplifier.

接着 S1 拨到位置 1，使 C1 的电压加在放大器的输出端和反相输入端之间，(由于电容端电压不能突变，所以)输出端的电压将产生大小等于 VIN 的变化，使放大器输入端维持输入失调电压，即当开关 S1 从位置 2 拨到位置 1 时，输出端电压将从(VOS + IbiasR2)变为(VIN + IbiasR2)。S1 处于位置 2 时，放大器的偏置电流是由输出端经电阻 R2 提供的，当 S1 转向位置 1 时则由 C2 提供。R3 的作用是降低输出失调电压，如果要求放大器具有最大的线性范围，或者采用直流耦合，就应该使用该电容。

Secondly, it summarizes development and gradual progress about operational risk measurement. Analyzes and compares two main categories at present: bottom-up and top-down, and Loss Distribution Approach of top-down and Income Model of bottom-up is studied deeply, then finds out the main challenges of operational risk measure methods. Thirdly, taking examples for Shanghai Pudong Development Bank and Shenzhen Development Bank, it demonstrates operational risk measurement of our banking using Basic Indicator Approach and Income Model of bottom-up. And by comparing its effects with analysis result of concrete loss incidents of operational risk, it is approved that to apply operational risk measurement to our banking is feasibility. Finally, the paper analyzes difficulties to measure operational risk, such as weak consciousness of measuring operational risk, short of effective modern measuring model, behindhand of loss data collection and lack of perfect inside management mechanism of measurement, and then gives some advices.

接着总结了操作风险度量方法的发展演进过程，对目前度量操作风险的两类主流方法&自下而上&法和&自上而下&法进行了详细的分析和比较，分别选取&自下而上&的损失分布法和&自上而下&的收入模型法展开深入研究，并剖析了操作风险度量方法面临的主要挑战；接着以&浦东发展银行&和&深圳发展银行&为例，选用&自上而下&的基本指标法和收入模型法进行了操作风险度量的实证分析，并将分析结果与使用具体损失事件的实际操作风险分析结果进行了比较，证实了操作风险度量方法应用于我国的可行性；最后文章对我国银行业度量操作风险中存在的现实困难进行了深入探讨，指出了我国存在操作风险度量认识障碍、缺乏适用的现代操作风险度量模型、损失数据收集工作滞后以及操作风险度量缺乏完善的内部管理机制保证四大方面的现实问题，并提出了对策建议。

This kind of technology can flex the application of optical amplifier so that a same adaptive amplifier can be used as a pre-amplifier, a boost amplifier as well as a line amplifier.

在光标记交换系统中，可满足由于路由切换导致的光功率损耗大范围动态变化的应用需求。

Voltage Source and Current Source, Thevenin Theory, Trouble Shooting, Characteristic Curve of Diode, Diode Models, Rectifier Circuits, Input Filtering Capacitor, Voltage Multiplier Circuits, Limiter and Clipper Circuits, DC Clampers and Peak-to-peak Detectors, Zener Diode, Zener Diode Rectifier, Photoelectric Devices, Collector-Emitter Junction, Transistor Characteristics of common-emitter, Base Bias, LED Dirver, Establishing a Stable Q-point, PNP Transistor Biasing, Transistor Biasing, Coupling and By-Pass Capacitors, AC Emitter Resistance, Common-Emitter Amplifier, Other Common-Emitter Amplifiers, Cascaded Common-Emitter Amplifiers, AC Load Line, Emitter Follower, Class B Push-pull Amplifiers, JFET Characteristic Curve, JFET Biasing, JFET Amplifier, VMOS Circuit, Differential Amplifier, Operational Amplifier, Non-inverting Feedback, Negative Feedback.

电子学实验( S0704)(1，1)/应用电子学实验( S0472)(1，1)电压源和电流源、戴维宁定理、故障排除、二极体特性曲线、二极体近似模型、整流电路、电容-输入型滤波器、倍压电路、限制器电路和峰值检测电路、直流定位器与峰对峰检测器、齐纳二极体、齐纳二极体整流器、光电元件、集射极接面、集极特性曲线、基极偏压、LED驱动器、建立一个稳定的工作点 Q 、 PNP 电晶体偏压、电晶体偏压、耦合及旁路电容、交流射极电阻、共射极放大器、其他 CE 放大器、串接共射极放大器、交流负载线、射极随耦器、 B 类推挽式放大器、 JFET 特性曲线、 JFET 偏压、 JFET 放大器、 VMOS 电路、差动放大器、运算放大器、非反向电压回授、负回授。

Given that V2 is applied to the amplifier input lead, the high input resistance of the operational amplifier is the only load on V2, and the only current drawn from the source is the very low input offset current of the operational amplifier.

若V2加到放大器的输入端，运算放大器的高输入电阻成为V2的唯一负载，而且唯一从源吸取的电流是运算放大器非常低的输入偏置电流。

It analyze the risks completely, describe the definition of operational risk, the system of operational risk, the character of operational risk, the measure methods of operational risk and the capital management frame etc. Whereas the important meaning of New Basel record at risk controlling, the paper analyze the management request on operational risk in depth and draw the conclusion that our bank has obstacle in two aspect.

本文以我国商业银行操作风险管理为题，在理论回顾部分运用理论分析、定性分析、定量研究、归纳演绎等方法，对商业银行操作风险管理相关理论进行了综述，从风险的界定、商业银行风险的分类出发，具体阐述了操作风险的定义、分类、特征、度量方法及管理框架的建立。

Later, it makes some comparison with four kinds of modulation technique, and finally, it implements the three-level PWM switching power amplifier with the PWM technique. The power of the amplifier is 2kVA, and the frequency bandwidth is 10～3kHz. In the thesis, the author designs and makes the hardwares of the switching power amplifier. The hardwares contain power inverter rank circuit, control system circuit based on DSP, drive and isolation circuit, and protective circuit. The thesis also analyses the potential safety problems and put forward some solutions for the problems. Furthermore, the thesis accomplishes the software design of the control system, and successfully debugs it. The methods of designing higher power ampilfier are also discussed in the thesis. It analyses the feasibility of the methods, outlines the way of how to design higher power switching power amplifier, and does some experiments with the method of switches-parallelling.

根据电动振动试验系统对开关功放的要求，提出了以电感电流瞬时值控制技术为基础的三电平脉宽调制开关功放的设计方案，并通过系统仿真进行了原理性论证；然后设计并制作了开关功放的硬件，包括功率转换电路，基于DSP的控制电路，驱动、隔离电路以及保护电路；针对开关功放数学模型不易得出的特点，细致分析了模糊自适应PID控制方法，在此基础上编写了控制程序；研制出一台功率为2kVA，通频带为10～3kHz的三电平脉宽调制开关功放；论文中还探讨了实现大功率开关功放的方法，分析了各种方法的可行性，给出了实现大功率开关功放的思路，并进行了并联开关管实现大功率开关功放的实验。

For weak nonlinear distortion, the expressions of total harmonic distortion, the second order intermodulation distortion(IM2 ), the third order intermodulation distortion(IM 3) and intercept point(IP 3) are deduced. With the aid of software Multisim, we simulate transistor common emitter amplifier, transistor common emitter amplifier with resistor in emitter, differential amplifier and differential amplifier with resistor between emitters. The simulational results and theoretical analyses are almost the same.

针对弱非线性失真，推导了总谐波人、二阶互调失真( IM2 )、三阶互调失真( IM3)和截点( IP3)的表达式，借助于 Multisim软件，对晶体管共发放大器、发射极带反馈电阻的失发放大器、差分放大器和发射极间带反馈电阻的差分放大器进行了仿真，并与理论结果作了比较，结果令人满意。

Based on the concepts presented above, four types of new models are proposed:(1) a production system adopting single operational strategy and setting common buffer,(2) a production system adopting single operational strategy and not setting common buffer,(3) a tandem production system adopting hybrid operational strategies,(4) a supply chain adopting hybrid operational strategies.

所谓对称，是指在生产系统分解后，同一个搬运车既作为某个子系统的输出端，同时又作为另一些子系统的输入端。对称分解方法的难点在于，在子系统中，搬运车的服务过程不同于原来的服务过程。在子系统中，把原系统中的阻塞和空闲等待过程，模拟成虚拟的服务过程，所以需要计算阻塞和空闲等待时间。

I was just taking her hand, to help her out of a car, and I knew it.

我只是握着她的手，扶她下车，但我知道这一切。

China and South Korea have excoriated Japan over its approval of new school books which they say whitewash the atrocities committed during Japanese occupation, and anti-Japanese protests have been held in Chinese cities. The lingering bitterness over Japan's past imperialism still threatens to mar relations between the big East Asian powers

中国和韩国强烈谴责日本通过新的中学历史教科书，他们认为这一教科书掩盖了日本在其占领期间所犯下的残酷暴行，反日抗议活动在中国数座城市发生，历史上日本帝国主义制造的痛楚无法被忘却，这有可能破坏东亚强国间的关系。