查询词典 monetary

Monetary policy target through using its economic data of different periods in the history, the paper further proves that Feds monetary policy target is effective in curbing inflation, avoiding deflation arising from monetary policy, and facilitating the economic growth.

最后，本文分析和论证美联储组织制度、监管体制和两级银行建制对中国人民银行组织制度改革以及中小金融机构管理建制的借鉴意义。

Table about Characteristics of Each Cost and Benefit Item of Monetary Union" is summarized;"Common Benefits" and "Long-term Benefits" of monetary union are emphasized;"Improved Cost-benefit Conditions is presented- Regarding to EMU, we argue mat economic net benefit is sufficient to justify EMU. Then the diesis constructs a simple macro game model to capture the interactions of two countries deciding to form a monetary union.

论文接下来将针对这些不足，从国家利益角度对货币同盟各项收益和成本作出进一步全面细致分析，提出"货币同盟各项收益成本特征的综合分析归纳表"，归纳出"共同利益"和"长远利益"，并提出"改进了的成本收益条件"。

The discussion of monetary policy and capital flows almost inevi-tablybegins with the well-known trilemma, the observation that acountry can choose no more than two of the following three featuresof its policy regime:(1) free capital mobility across borders,(2) a fixedexchange rate, and (3) an independent monetary policy.1 Various combinations of these features have dominated world monetary ar-rangementsin different eras.

关于货币政策和资本流动的讨论要从众所周知的"三难困境"开始，即，一个国家的政策安排不可能同时具有下属三个特征，而只能三者选二：（1）资本自由的跨国流动（2）固定汇率（3）独立的货币政策。这三种特征的不同组合就构成了世界不同地区的货币制度安排。

The effectiveness of the equilibrium credit rationing behavior to our monetary policy mainly express in following aspects: The first, the creation of the equilibrium credit rationing behavior influence the National Central Bank's activity of adjusting the control of foundational monetary directly; The second, the existence of the equilibrium credit rationing behavior inevitably influence the effectiveness of the National Central Bank controls the policy of the market interest rate; The third, the equilibrium credit rationing behavior would influence the monetary multiplicator; The fourth, the existence of the equilibrium credit rationing behavior would result the partition of the credit market.

均衡性信贷配给对我国货币政策的影响主要表现在以下几个方面：第一，均衡信贷配给的产生直接影响中央银行调控基础货币投放的主动性；第二，均衡信贷配给的存在必然影响中央银行控制市场利率政策的效力；第三，均衡性信贷配给影响货币乘数；第四，信贷配给的存在导致信贷市场的分割。

So, our work consists of two major parts: First, we using qualitative and quantitative analysis to prove the effects of monetary policy in non-crisis period is effective and its effectiveness is significant. Second, we analysis the effects of monetary policy in crisis period, especially time slice by means of recurrence method, and do empirical study of each interval sample separately to observe the change of monetary effectiveness.

为此，本文所做的工作主要有以下两点：第一，通过定性分析和实证方法证明在美国经济正常时期，即非危机时期，美国的货币政策是有效的且有效性显著；第二，对次贷危机以来美国的货币政策效应进行分析，以时间递推的方法将危机时期进行分段，并分别进行实证研究观察货币政策有效性的变化。

This paper examines whether or not stock return responds asymmetrically to monetary policy shocks. We use over-night rate volatility to measure monetary policy and apply Component-GARCH-Constant Jump and ARJI-Trend model to capture expected and unexpected effects of government's monetary policy on the stock return in American, Canada, Japan, and Britain. Considering the non-normality features of these assets returns, this paper use skewed student t distribution to estimate the relationship between the permanent and transitory components of the conditional variance and the frequency and intensity of jump of stock return.

本文探讨货币政策对於股市报酬之影响，选取货币政策代理变数－金融业隔夜拆款利率在分别采用Component-GARCH-Constant Jump与ARJI-Trend模型，并同时考量报酬率呈现非常态之特性，因此采用偏态t分配(skewed student t-distribution)进行估计条件变异数的恒常与移转部份及跳跃机率与跳跃频率，以捕捉政府实施预期及非预期的货币政策对股市报酬的影响，分析在预期及非预期的货币政策冲击下对股市的影响是否存在不同之效果。

This dissertation covers the study of Path dependency on whichChinese monetary system changes in the process of its gradually economicstructural reform, and the examination of the future changes and strategicchoices for Chinese monetary system in its new stage, the foregoingprovides an essential basis for furthering Chinese economic structuralreform and establishing a highly efficient and rational monetary system withan effective operation and also is a theoretical task not to be evaded ineconomic sociology and social theory.

本文考察了中国渐进式经济体制改革过程中的金融制度变迁的路径依赖，并对新时期中国金融制度未来变迁和战略选择进行探讨，这是推进中国经济体制改革深化发展，把中国金融体制构建得高效合理，运转有效的重要前提，也是经济社会学和社会理论不应回避的理论任务。金融制度是一个国家通过法律、规章制度和货币政策等形式所确定的金融体系结构，以及组成这一体系的各要素之间的职责分工、相互关系及其各自的行为规则。

Just as these were, so the nominalistic monetary theories of the present day are characterized by their inability to contribute a single word towards the solution of the chief problem of monetary theory - one might in fact simply call it the problem of monetary theory -, namely, that of explaining the exchange-ratios between money and other economic goods.

与那些古老理论一样，现在的唯名论的货币理论对货币理论首要问题——事实上，也可以称它为货币理论问题，即，解释货币和经济财之间的交换率——的解决，毫无一砖一瓦之贡献。

This chapter mainly expounds basic quantitative monetary theory and model, then thinks that monetary neutrality and nonneutrality is the important premise of whether the monetary policy is effective or not.

本章重点论述了一些基本的货币数量理论及模型，并且认为货币政策是否具有有效性的重要前提是货币中性命题是否成立，并展开阐述了凯恩斯主义的货币需求动机理论，概述了不同经济学派对货币政策有效性的主要观点和结论。

This paper reviews the effectiveness of monetary policy in China, including open market operation, reserve system reformation, interest rate policy, reloan and rediscount policy and credit policy and so on, and finds out that monetary policy operation has endogenesis and dependence, and the effectiveness of monetary policy is not perfect.

三是全面述评我国货币政策实践情况，包括公开市场操作、准备金制度改革、利率政策、再贷款再贴现、信贷窗口指导等政策工具实践情况，发现我国货币政策操作内生性强，自主性弱，货币政策执行效应并不理想。

I hope that this success is just the first in a long series.

我希望这只是成功的开始。

Three dimensional stresses on the interface of tire and soil, tire deflection and soil sinkage are measured.

测试轮胎——沙土界面上的三向应力、轮胎变形和沙土沉陷；建立考虑剪切应力对沙土承载特性产生影响的车轮牵引性能预测模型；分析车轮作用下土壤的纵向稳定性。