查询词典 monarchy

The progress from an absolute to a limited monarchy, from a limited monarchy to a democracy, is a progress toward a true respect for the individual.

从绝对君主制变为有限君主制，从有限君主制变为民主制，这些进步都是为了实现真正尊重个人这一目标。

This thesis aims to reveal the special virtue of monarchy, by studying Machiavelli's Monarchy virtue.

本文旨在通过对马基雅维里君主美德思想研究，揭示王者美德的特殊内容。

Firstly, facing up the serious national crisis, the deficiency of governmental efficiency of ching dynasty made monarchy lose the legitimacy. Secondly, the poverty of the thoughts of absolute monarchic powers and the rise of nationalism offered the advantage for the spreading of republicanism. Thirdly, there were contradictions and defects in the thoughts of reformist, which weakened the ideas of monarchy and made for the establishment of republicanism. Finally, in the evolution of political thoughts history from 1840, the thought of revolution replaced the notion of reformism and dominated the ideology. The establishment of republicanism was an inevitable result of the transformation.

共和思想在中国的确立，首先是晚清政局、政治统治有效性缺失，导致传统专制政体的载体——君主制失去合法性基础的结果；其次，中国古代君主制度下绝对君权理论的匮乏和近代民族主义的兴起，为清末民初共和思想的肇兴提供了便利；再次，立宪派关于君主立宪的理论存在着极大的缺陷和矛盾，削弱了这一主张的效力，反而起到了为共和思想张目的作用；最后，从近代以来中国政治思想史的演变来看，革命观念取代改良思潮成为思想界的主流话语，共和思想的确立正是这一转变的必然结果。

After the Yuan Shih-kai"s "Hong-xian Monarchy was overthrown, Yang Du, after much desperation and insight, completely discarded his thoughts of constitutional monarchy and theory of monarchism.

洪宪帝制覆亡后，经历了绝望和顿悟的杨度，悉数抛弃君宪思想与帝王之学，跟随孙中山走民主宪政之路，继而加入中国共产党，走到了时代前列。

The Shah Dynasty found then lasted until now. Nepal was invaded by Britain in 1814 and forced to cede a vast expanse of territory to India which was controled by Britain at that time. Its diplomacy was supervised by Britain as well. During the period from 1846 to 1950 Nepal was controled by Rana Family . The fight aganist it intrigued by Nepali Congress brought the dormination of Rana Family to an end, and constitutional monarchy was put into practice. In February of 1959 ,Mahemdra Bir Bikram Shah Dev issued the first constitution of Nepal, the New Constitution was issued in 1962. Birendra , Bir Bikram Shah Dev ascended throne in1972, he dismissed the National Panchayat in the April 16, 1990,and he also issued the third constitution in Nov ember of the same year. Then the multi-party of constitutional monarchy was set up.

建立了沙阿王朝，延续至今。1814年英国入侵，尼泊尔被迫割让大片领土给英属印度，外交受英监督。1846年―1950年为拉纳家族统治时期。1950年11月，尼泊尔大会党等发起反拉纳的斗争，结束了拉纳的统治，并实行君主立宪制。1959年2月马亨德拉颁布尼泊尔第一部宪法。1962年颁布新宪法。1972年比兰德拉国王即位。1990年4月16日，比兰德拉国王解散全国评议会，同年11月颁布第三部宪法，实行君主立宪的多党制。

Laws by Decree" reflects a monarchy, presidential, or proletarian dictatorship;"HMS Government", a Constitutional Monarchy;"Parliamentarism, a Democracy.

天命政权"指代君主制、Presidential Dictatorship或者无产阶级专政；"陛下之政府"指代君主立宪政体；"议会政治指代民主政体。

Let us therefore consider a master of a family with all these subordinate relations of wife, children, servants, and slaves, united under the domestic rule of a family; which, what resemblance soever it may have in its order, offices, and number too, with a little common-wealth, yet is very far from it, both in its constitution, power and end: or if it must be thought a monarchy, and the paterfamilias the absolute monarch in it, absolute monarchy will have but a very shattered and short power, when it is plain, by what has been said before, that the master of the family has a very distinct and differently limited power, both as to time and extent, over those several persons that are in it; for excepting the slave (and the family is as much a family, and his power as paterfamilias as great, whether there be any slaves in his family or no) he has no legislative power of life and death over any of them, and none too but what a mistress of a family may have as well as he.

所以，让我们在家庭规则之下来考虑家庭的主人与所有妻子，孩子，仆人和奴隶的从属关系；家庭，无论在它的秩序，各种职务以及人数方面多么的类似于一个小国家，然而在它的构造，权力和目的方面与国家是相去甚远的：或者如果一定要把它想成一个君主国，家长是绝对君主的话，这个绝对君主国也仅仅拥有零碎和短暂的权力，因为根据前面的论述，很明显：家庭主人对其余人的有限权力，无论在时间上还是在范围上与君主的权力都是截然不同的；因为除了奴隶，他没有对任何人的生命和死亡拥有立法的权力，女主人也同样没有。

The royal families of Salian and Staufen appointed many imperial ministeriales as imperial offices to support them to rebuild monarchy. The political situation and economic structure in Germany in that period, namely from 11th to 12th centuries, had a deep slow change; on the political situation Germany transferred from monarchy to local governing, namely territorial states; on the other hand, the commerce resumed and new cities established, social lives were in deep changing in Germany.

萨立安尤其是斯陶芬的王室出于巩固及加强王权的需要而大批任用王室封臣，并委以重任。11、12世纪德国的政治格局，经济结构都在发生着缓慢而深刻的变化；政治上德国正在由中央集权向领地邦国制度过渡；经济上农业发展，商业复兴，城市兴起，可以说，德国的方方面面都在变。

However, with the development of autocratic monarchy in Han plitical power, the growing conflicts between the Daoist political concept of governing by noninterference and autocratic monarchy lead to failure of the Daoist school in achieving its historical mission of deifying monarchical power.

但是，随着汉政权君主专制集权的发展，道家&无为而治&的政治理念与君主专制集权的发展表现出诸多不适应性，表现出与君主专制集权的目的和方向、君主集天下权力于一身的个人特征相矛盾。最终，道家没有完成君权神化的历史使命，走下了政治舞台的中心。

Bourgeois constitutionalists advocated implementing parliamentary constitutional monarchy, while Qing government implemented dual constitutional monarchy.

资产阶级立宪派主张实施议会制君主立宪制，而清政府却选择实行二元制君主立宪制。

The changes of the HAF after liver injury may be related to the volume of blood loss, the intraabdominal pressure and the pneumoperitoneum duration.

肝撞击伤伴失血后肝动脉血流量的变化与失血量、气腹压力以及气腹持续时间等有密切联系。

Reneging on our commitments to the world's poor cannot be an austerity measure, she said.

放弃我们给世界上的穷国的承诺不能成为一种紧缩措施。