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The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

To increase the security of the watermark, a new binary image encryption algorithm based on TD-ERCS map is presented. The watermark is encrypted by a chaos sequence generated by TD-ERCS map; A novel color image watermarking algorithm is proposed based on discrete chaotic map and 2-dimensions discrete wavelet transform. The watermark is encrypted by the new binary image encryption algorithm, and the encrypted watermark is embed into four sub-bands of the most deep level of blue branch of host image by three-level wavelet transform, and the embedded positions are determined by general cat cha otic map; A novel color-image blind detection watermarking algorithm is proposed based on integer wavelet transform and subsampling. The scrambled watermark is encrypted and embed into the low sub-bands after four sub-images of the Y branch of host image is transformed by two-level wavelet transform, and the embedded positions are determined by Logistic chaotic map, this watermarking scheme can realize blind extraction.

为了提高水印图像的安全性，提出了一种基于TD-ERCS混沌映射的二值水印图像的加密算法，该算法利用TD-ERCS映射产生的混沌序列加密水印图像；将离散混沌映射和二维离散小波变换相结合，研究了彩色图像水印新算法，该算法先对混沌序列加密后的水印图像进行小波变换，再嵌入到宿主图像的蓝色分量的最深层的四个子带中，嵌入位置则由广义猫映射确定；将整数小波变换和图像子采样技术应用于数字水印，提出了一种彩色图像盲提取水印算法，水印嵌入时，先对宿主图像在YIQ色彩空间中的Y分量进行子采样，并对得到的四个子图像分别进行二级离散小波变换，然后将置乱并加密后的水印图像嵌入到小波变换后的低频子带中，其嵌入位置由Logistic混沌映射产生的混沌序列确定，实现了水印的盲提取。

In this paper, a series of lunar map projection formulas are deduced including azimuthal projections, cylindrical projections and conical projections. The lunar map projections software is compiled. By caculating lunar map projection distortions, their projection distortion rules are found. Base on the lunar exploration mission, the lunar map projection scheme is given in this paper. The azimuthal conformal projection or the circumcenter perspective azimuthal projection is usually used in small areas, especially in two poles. When the whole map of the moon is needed, the azimuthal conformal projection or the circumcenter perspective azimuthal projection is used within 10° in the poles, and the traverse tangent cylindrical conformal projection or the normal secant conical conformal projection can be used in else areas, furthermore, band-division is necessary to reduce the projection distortion.

本文推导了基于月球参考球的各种投影公式，主要包括方位投影、圆柱投影和圆锥投影；编制了月球地图投影计算软件；对多种月球的投影变形进行了详细的计算，总结分析了各种月球投影的变形规律；结合月球探测的需要，给出了月球投影方案的建议：对于局部的面积较小的投影区域，建议使用等角方位投影或外心透视方位投影；如果绘制月面全图，在两极10°范围内采用等角方位投影或外心透视方位投影，其余区域可以采用等角横切圆柱投影和等角正割圆锥投影，并且要进行分带处理。

It includes the definition of two basic operations, logical functions expansion and matrix formulation in OR-Coincidence algebra system, and the introduction of map expression--dj map, the complete research of the relations among CRM expansion^ maxteim expansion and RM expansion, iiamely tie relations among dj map, K-map and bj map, also includes the minimization of CRM expansion in fixed and mixed polarities-Meanwhile this dissertation points out the form and properties of basic symmetric function, simple symmetric function and basic CRM symmetric function in OR-Coincidence algebra system, discusses the relations and transform methods among the coefficients of the three kinds of symmetric functions.

包括连和与加合两种基本运算的定义，逻辑函数在或、符合代数系统里的展开式及矩阵表示式，展开式图形表示--d_i图的引入，对CRM展开式和最大项展开式、RM展开式，d_i图和K图、b_i图之间的关系及转换方法进行了较为全面的研究，以及CRM展开式在固定极性和混合极性下的最小化问题。

Lamadian Oilfield static state map plan system includes data pretreatment subsystem and development geology charting subsystem and geological map sheet access subsystem, realizes the function of drawing for the Lamadian Oilfield development well location map and skeleton structure section map and connected section graph and Sedimentary facies chart and tectonic maps, and realizes various types of geological map data storage and query functions.

本文研究的喇嘛甸油田静态图幅绘制系统包括：绘图数据预处理子系统、开发地质制图子系统和地质图幅存取子系统，实现了喇嘛甸油田开发井位图、骨架剖面图、连通剖面图、沉积相带图、断层剖面图和断层实际资料图的绘制功能以及各类地质图件资料的存储及查询功能。

After having been sequenced of the genomes in many species, one of the most advanced studies is to cytogenetically locate the DNA sequences to chromosomes, and construct integrated map combined the genetic map, contig map, chromosome banding pattern map, and cytogenetic map.

多种生物全序测定完成后，本领域最前沿的研究之一是将已测顺序进行细胞遗传学定位，作遗传图，重叠群图，染色体带型图和细胞遗传学图的整合图。

The electronic map is more dynamic, Real-time and alternating in expression, a new map will be shown while the display range or scale of the electronic map be changed by user, the contents are changed too,this required to seek proper palces for map labels by arithmetic in order to show a pretty map and avoid overlapping or absenting some information of label.

电子地图是无级、无缝和动态变化的，用户每一次改变显示比例或者改变显示区域都会形成一幅新的地图，为了使电子地图的图面显示更加清晰美观，避免注记信息的缺损，就要求注记的配置具有动态性，需要用算法来动态调整注记并定位。

The preparation of the main map are as follows:"Atlas of Hainan Province","National Defense Transportation Atlas of Hainan Province","Atlas of the education system in Hainan Province","Atlas of Hainan Province","practical map of Hainan Province","Hainan Province Map List,"" Earthquake defense plans,"" navigation map "," ICBC distribution network "," Distribution of the Marine "," Wanning City Map "and other kinds of more than 60 plans to update the 18 cities and counties in Hainan Province wallcharts complete Hainan Province, the first "electronic atlas" for the development and construction of Hainan, has played an important role in protection.

编制的主要地图有：《海南省地图集》、《海南省国防交通图集》、《海南省教育系统图集》、《海南省地图册》、《海南省实用地图》、、《海南省地图册》、《地震防御图》、《航标图》、《工行网点分布图》、《海事分布图》、《万宁市地图》等60多个图种，更新海南省18个市县挂图，完成海南省首份《电子地图集》，为开发建设海南起到了重要保障作用。

By choosing different morphometric parameters we generate within ARCGIS 9.2 a series of maps reflecting the features of study area, such as the summit level map, mean elevation map, base level map, average slope map and local relief map.

通过选取不同的地貌参数，笔者在ARCGIS 9.2软件平台下生成了一系列地貌分析专题图如峰顶面图、平均高程图、谷底面图、平均坡度图以及局部地形起伏图等，并进行了详细的讨论和分析。

The sixth part: Studies on the dynamic changes of soil retention function value of ecosystem in YUYANG District. Utilized ERDAS8. 5 to interpret the remote sensing image and get LUCC data and vegetation information of YUYANG District. Utilized R2V5. 5 to digitize administrative map, topographic map, vegetation picture, soil distribution map and meteorological website map. Utilized ARCINFOR8. 3 to change every digitization layer to the same projection, to generate Tyson polygon, to structure DEM and do vector polygon overlay. Utilized ARC VIE W3. 3 to obtain the grid data topographic slope and slope length from DEM data of YUYANG District, and then, turned every coverage layer into grid layer and do grid polygon overlay to gain data about dynamic changes of value of soil retention of ecosystem in YUYANG District, at last, the author analyzed the features of the spatial-temporal changes and its reason.The seventh part: Studies on the dynamic changes of fixing drifting sand against wind function value of ecosystem in YUYANG District.

第六部分：榆阳区生态系统土壤保持功能价值动态变化研究；利用ERDAS8.5对遥感数据进行解译获得榆阳区土地利用数据和植被信息，利用R2V5.5数字化榆阳区政区图、地形图、植被图、土壤分布图及气象站点分布图，利用ARCINFOR8.3对各数字化图层进行投影转换、泰森多边形生成、DEM构建和叠加分析，利用ARCVIEW3.3从DEM数据中获取榆阳区的坡度、坡长面域数据，并将上述各图层格网化，然后通过栅格图层叠加分析和代数运算获取榆阳区生态系统土壤保持功能物质量和价值量时空动态变化数据，最后分析了其变化的时空特点及形成原因。

My father is over 60 years old, and he lifts weights every day.

我爸爸六十多岁了，他每天都练习举重。

Then in a serious tone she declared:"It doesn't pay, dear boy, to look like a ninny with one's wife the first night."

两眼湿润了，她把身子蜷得很小，这样似乎可以更好地闻闻自己。