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We have synthesized 4,4'-dinitro-3 4''-dimethyl triphenylamine,(1), in 84% yield in an one-step condensation process between 3,4-dimethyl aniline and 4-fluoro-nitrobenzene. After the auto-oxidation of (1) and the subsequent hydrogenation of the nitro-groups, an AB2 type triphenylamine polyimide intermediate bearing two amine groups and one acid-anhydride group each on individual phenyl ring,{AB2 PI Intermediate}, was prepared successfully. The yields of the autoxidation and the hydrogenation steps are 81% and 90% respectively.

中文摘要本研究以3，4-二甲苯胺及4-氟硝基苯为原料，经一步骤缩合反应得到产率为84 %之4，4'-二硝基-3&，4&-二甲基三苯胺(1)，由(1)经自氧化法后再以氢化法还原硝基，成功地制备出带有二胺基与一羧基的三官能基之AB2型三苯胺中间体(AB2型PI中间体)，自氧化反应与氢化法的产率各为81%及90%。

The researched results indicate that the axial shift of CVC intermediate roll,the bending of work roll and the bending of intermediate roll have outstanding influence to the transverse distribution of rolling pressure,and clear influence to the transverse distributions of the pressure betweens roll s.

结果表明，CVC中间辊横向移动、工作辊弯辊和中间辊弯辊等手段，对轧制压力的横向分布影响很大，对辊间压力的横向分布也有明显影响。

This paper includes several parts: first, some important concepts of the thesis have been defined, a theoretical overview of currency crisis has been finished; then, we have described the history of the international monetary system; later, three chapes have been arranged to discuss the mechanism of currency crisis under fixed and floating and intermediate exchange rate system respectively. The part of the fixed exchange rate system mainly includes the analysis of the collapse of the international gold standard system, the Bretton Woods system and the the European Monetary System; in the part of the floating exchange rate system, the volatility problem under freely floating exchange rate system has been studied; the part of the intermediate exchange rate system mainly includes the analysis of currency crises in regional dollar standard system and the currency board system. And finally, we have analysed the inevitability of the appearance of new type regional monetary cooperation patterns, and how these cooperations avoid currency crises.

本文主要包括这样几部分：首先，对论文中涉及到的重要概念给予界定，并对货币危机理论进行系统梳理；接着，按时间顺序从总体上回忆国际货币制度的历史演进；然后，用三个章节分别研究了固定汇率制度、浮动汇率制度以及中间汇率制度下货币危机的形成机理，其中，固定汇率制度下的货币危机主要包括国际金本位制度和布雷顿森林体系的崩溃，以及欧洲货币体系的瓦解；浮动汇率制度下的货币危机，则重点分析了自由浮动汇率制度下汇率的过度波动问题；中间汇率制度下的货币危机，分别分析了区域美元本位及货币局制度下货币危机的发生机理；最后，分析了目前新型区域货币合作模式出现的必然性，及各模式下如何规避货币危机。

The authors think that the magmas of the intermediate-acid volcanic rocks were derived from basaltic magmas of the lower crust and are mixed magmas produced by the increase of geothermal gradients due to diapiric injection of basaltic magmas and partial melting of intermediate-basic metamorphic igneous rocks in the lower crust,and that they resulted from a series of tectonomagmatic activities that took place when the closing of the Mongolian-Okhotsk sea trough and continent-continent collision caused crustal thickening and brought about the formation of the Hinggan-Mongolian orogenic belt in the process of oblique subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Siberian plate.

中文摘要：通过对大兴安岭北段晚侏罗世吉祥峰组中酸性火山岩的岩石地球化学研究，发现其中存在高Sr低Y型火山岩，即文献上所称的埃达克质岩，笔者认为中酸性火山岩的岩浆起源于下地壳玄武质岩浆，为玄武质岩浆底辟上侵引起地热梯度增加、下地壳中基性变质火成岩石部分熔融的之混合岩浆，是古太平洋板块向西伯利亚板块斜向俯冲过程中，蒙古鄂霍次克海槽封闭，陆壳碰撞使地壳加厚，形成兴蒙造山带时所引起的一系列构造岩浆活动。

And group9. Second Electron Image shows the gold intermediate layer and alloy bond closely and the gold intermediate layer intrudes into alloy like anchors.

电子探针二次电子相显示涂层-合金界面结合紧密并见涂层突入合金中呈锚状嵌合，涂层和瓷层之间相互均匀扩散。

As for the study of isospin in intermediate energy HICs, we've investigated how bothstength and density dependence of symmetry potential affect many measurableobservables, such as the yield, phase-space, and isospin distributions of fragments, as wellas the correlations between Intermediate-Mass-Fragment multiplicity 〓 andCharged-Particle multiplicity 〓 Light-Charged-Particle multiplicity 〓 andNeutron multiplicity 〓. The aim is to find sensitive observables specifically for strengthand density dependence of SP.

在中能重离子碰撞的同位旋研究方面，分别研究了对称势的强度和其密度依赖形式对中能重离子核反应各类碎片产物产额、相空间、及其同位旋的分布，中等质量碎片多重数与带电粒子多重数、轻带电粒子多重数、中子多重数的关联等多种实验观测量的影响，以获取对称势中该两方面的信息，尤其着重于研究如何分别获取有关该两方面的信息的途径。

From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that, the dominant channel of this reaction consists of three steps: the two reactants first form a three-membered ring intermediate (INT1) through a barrier-free exothermic reaction of 19.2 kJ/mol; three-membered ring intermediate (INT1) isomerizes to a four-membered ring silylene(P2) via the transition state (TS2) with an energy barrier of 22.8 kJ/mol; four-membered ring silylene(P2) further reacts with ethene(R2) to form a silicic bis-heterocyclic compound (P3), which is also a barrier-free exothermic reaction of 132.2 kJ/mol.

用CCSD//MP2/6-31G*方法研究了单重态二甲基亚烷基硅烯与乙烯生成硅杂双环化合物环加成反应的机理，根据该反应的势能面可以预言，该反应的主反应通道有三步组成：第一步是两反应物（R1， R2）首先生成了一三元环中间体（INT1），它是一无势垒的放热反应，放出的能量为19.2 kJ/mol；第二步是三元环中间体(INT1)经过渡态TS2异构化为了四元环硅烯（P2），其势垒为22.8 kJ/mol；第三步是四元环硅烯（P2）进一步与乙烯(R2)反应生成了硅杂双环化合物（P3），该反应也是一无势垒的放热反应，放出的能量为132.2 kJ/mol。

The two competitive reactions both consist of two steps, two reactants firstly form a three-membered ring intermediate (INT1) and a twisted four-membered ring intermediate (INT2), respectively, both of which are barrier-free exothermic reactions of 41.5 kJ/mol and 72.3 kJ/mol; then INT1 isomerizes to a four-membered ring product (P1) via transition state (TS1), and INT2 results in the chlorine-transfer product (P2) via transition state (TS2), with the barriers of 2.9 kJ/mol and 0.3 kJ/mol, respectively.

INT1和INT2分别经过渡态TS1和TS2异构化为了四元环产物P1和生成了氯迁移产物P2，其势垒分别为2.9和0.3 kJ/mol。

The first intermediate host for the freshwater snails or land snail, the second intermediate host for more than fish, frogs, insects, etc.

第一中间宿主为淡水螺或陆地螺，第二中间宿主多为鱼、蛙、螺或昆虫等。

It is confirmed that under the illumination of light the dark-adaptedBR is quickly turned into the light-adapted, and undergoes a photo-chemical cycle then through a sequence of intermediates of J, K, L,comes into a more stable intermediate-M state. M state relaxes to B state in about one hour. B state converts completely into D state after 24 hours. B state initiates the photochemical cycle under illumination, while it can transform into D state in the dark. So B state is a key intermediate in the BR photochemical cycle.

实验证实，样品受光照激发后很快从暗适应型经过光适应型进入光循环，经过一系列的光化学中间体到达较稳定的M态。M态经过约1小时热驰豫完全回到光适应型B态，B态再经过24小时缓慢热驰豫完全回到暗适应型D态。B态受光则进入光循环，不受光则转化为D态，从而认为B态是菌紫质光循环路径中一个重要的分支节点。

Bob Eckert has been chairman and chief executive of Mattel for eight years.

美泰董事长兼首席执行官鲍勃·埃克尔特在任已8年。

The outlook for honors and disgraces carries on and surpasses the traditional outlook for honors and disgraces theoretically, and carries on and develops the theory of construction of socialist mora...

社会主义荣辱观的提出在理论上是对传统荣辱观的一次继承和超越，是对社会主义道德建设理论的继承和发展，在实践上有利于形成良好的社会风尚。