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Using the adjoint operator of PW, nine sites'PWs are successfully assimilated into the initial condition and altered the initial temperature, water vapor and wind field. The change varies with variable fields and pressure levels.

本文利用开发的用于同化可降水量和天顶延迟的模式，成功地将9个站点的大气可降水量的分布及变化信息同化到初始场中，从而使初始场在湿度场、温度场和风场方面较同化前得到改变，这种改变在不同变量场、各个层次上变化的大小和形势是不相同的。

In this paper, the MM5 Adjoint Assimilation System is used to correct MM5's terrain error. The experimental results of amending different initial terrain data indicate that: the MM5 AAS is able to retrieve the terrain field, whose resolution is matched with one of the initial meteorological element field and therefore well coordinated with the MM5 model. Thus a new way about how to widely use the assimilation system is offered in this paper.

将伴随模式同化系统应用于修正模式地形误差，通过对不同初始地形的修正试验表明，MM5伴随模式同化系统能很好地对地形误差进行修正，能够反演出与初始气象要素场分辨率相匹配、与模式更协调的地形场，为伴随模式同化系统的广泛应用提供了一种新的思路。

Furthermore data assimilation experiments are conducted with MM5 Adjoint-model Assimilation System made by adjoint codes. With a case of heavy rainfall taking place from 00h July 23 to 00h July 24,2002, several numerical simulation experiments of different schemes are performed. The results are as follows. MM5 Adjoint-model Assimilation System not only can improve the initial field effectively and promote the coordination with the model but also can enhance the forecast on the precipitation and other elements. The assimilation of CDW has an improvement on quality of upper wind. The effect of direct numerical simulation with utilizing the CDW to amend the initial field gains the advantage over the one not.

结果表明，MM5伴随模式同化系统能有效改善初始场与模式的协调能力，提高模式对于降水场和其它要素场的预报；使用云导风资料修正初始场后直接模拟的效果比未使用时直接模拟的效果要好，对部分区域的强降水预报精度有一定程度的改善；使用伴随模式同化系统后，加入云导风资料的同化试验对其它要素的改善与直接同化常规资料的效果相比，改善优势不明显，但从各要素的误差来看，对于风场的改善最好。

The uniform design method is used to select initial points. The admissible domain, based on initial points obtained, is partitioned into finite sub-domains. A modified Hooke-Jeeves algorithm is proposed to each sub-domain.

以均匀设计方法选初始点，并依此把允许区域分解为有限多个子域，在每个子域上构造了改进的Hooke-Jeeves优化算法。

In the same initial Cd~(2+) concentration, the amount of Cd~(2+) exchange in analcime increases with the rise of temperature. Under the same temperature the amount of Cd~(2+) exchange in analcime also increases as the initial Cd~(2+) concentration increases.

实验证明，当Cd~(2+)的初始浓度相同时，随着温度的升高，方沸石对Cd~(2+)的交换量增加；当温度相同时，随着交换液Cd~(2+)初始浓度的增加，方沸石对Cd~(2+)的交换量也随之增加。

Analyses Ⅲ crack creep fracture under the influence of the initial co_linear array of microcracks antiplane using macrocrack_microcrack inteaction model and the theory of stress intensity factors for creep fracture,and presents the relation between the concrete antiplane Ⅲ crack stress intensity factors for creep fracture and the initial stress intensity factors was obtained.

依据宏观裂纹—微裂纹相互作用模型和蠕变断裂应力强度因子理论，对具有初始等距共线微裂纹列影响的反平面Ⅲ型裂纹体的蠕变断裂问题进行了分析。

This thesis points out three conditions of favorable soil-returning volume,and gets the critical water-content coefficient of bed-irrigating sowing, andthinks that water volume, soil—returning in volume and initial soil water contentcoefficient affects differently the course and the result of infiltration, and revealsthe laws of variations of soil moisture content, and shows the different effect onsoil - wedded states of water volume, depth of seed ditch, soil apparent density,soil-covering depth,initial soil moisture content, width of seed ditch and soil-wedding states, and suggests that the soil-wedding state watering after sevendays is use to evaluate the quality of bed-watering seeding.

结果表明灌水量、种沟宽度、回土量和土壤初始含水率对入渗过程和入渗结果存在不同影响；揭示了坐水播种土壤含水率在种沟断面上的变化及其随时间的变化规律，模拟结果还表明了灌水量、种沟深度、土壤容重、覆土厚度、土壤初始含水率、种沟宽度、回土量对土壤湿润状况的影响及确定适宜回土量的三个条件。

In Chapter 1, two solutions to the elliptical boundary value problem have been constructed through a monotone iterative process, and they might be identical. In Chapter 2, the author expresses the local solution to the parabolic initial boundary value problem taking advantage of Green function. In Chapter 3, the asymptotic solution to the initial value problem of Duffing equation is obtained and the method for finding the approximate solution to the inverse problem is put forward.This paper is planned with a view to the author's research means.

从研究结果看：第一章通过单调迭代过程构造出椭圆型方程的边值问题的两个解，并且指出二者可能是同一个解；第二章利用格林函数给出了抛物型方程的初边值问题的局部解的解析表达式；第三章中，先对Duffing方程的初值问题写出解的渐近展开式，再对其反问题提出一种求近似解的方法。

In system on chaos state, motion trajectory controlled by a equation is sensitive to initial conditions. For example, two trajectory from two close initial values were not very difference at short notice. But the distinct difference will presented consequentially after an enough long time.

混沌状态下的系统，按照某方程运行的轨道敏感地依赖于初始条件，例如从两个邻近的初值出发的两条轨道，在短时间内似乎差距不大，但在足够长的时间以后，必然呈现出显著的差别。

The experimental results show that:(1) for ideal spheres, the attenuation coefficient of velocity is constant, the air drag coefficient is slightly affected by the initial velocity and is a linear function of initial velocity, and (2) for real fragments formed by a warhead, the flight performances are different from ideal spheres, the air drag coefficient is affected by the flight velocity and is a linear function of flight velocity.

实验结果表明：(1)对于理想球形钨合金破片，在同一初始速度条件下，衰减系数为常数，空气阻力系数与初始速度有关，两者成线性关系；(2)对于经历爆轰驱动的球形钨合金破片，由于有轻微的质量损失和变形，速度衰减规律与理想球形钨合金破片有明显的区别，空气阻力系数与飞行速度有关，两者成线性关系。

A backer of an Afghan law that critics say legalizes marital rape has rejected the international outcry as foreign meddling.

饱受批评的一项法律的拥护者说合法化的婚内暴力不会受国际舆论的干涉。

Years ago, a ancient Egyptian fleet went to the Land of punt for seeking a kind of flavor named "myrrh", and aromatic plants which has dense exotic style for the queen Hatshepsut.

3500年前的一个古埃及的舰队到&彭特之地&寻找一种叫没药的香料。