查询词典 genetic engineering

A fine-grained genetic algorithm based algorithm which is for the parameters optimization problem of agent model is proposed. The fine-grained genetic algorithm is used to solve the parameters optimization problem of agent model. As to the parameters optimization problem of the agents colony model, the first step is to define the concept of "the parameters mode of the combat agents colony" to describe the parameters of the combat agent colony model. Then the genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem with the parameters mode of the combat agent colony model as the genetic individual. Besides the algorithm, the algorithm dispatch tactic is also considered. And the two level sequence dispatch tactic and the two level nesting dispatch tactic are put forward for those complex parameters optimization problem. At last, the model parameters optimization under antagonism codition is studied. The means to solve this problem is to translate it into a kind of antagonism problem, then use the competitive co-evolutionary genetic algorithms to solve it.

其中：提出了一种基于细粒度模型的作战智能体模型参数优化求解算法，用细粒度模型遗传算法求解作战智能体模型参数优化问题；提出了"作战智能体群体参数模式"的概念，对作战智能体群体模型参数进行形式化描述，再以作战智能体群体参数模式为遗传个体，应用遗传算法求解作战智能体群体模型参数的优化问题；研究了上述优化问题求解算法的调度策略，提出了分层模型参数优化算法的双层顺序调度策略和双层嵌套调度策略，解决复杂的模型参数优化问题；将对抗条件下作战模型参数的优化问题转化为一种对抗性问题，应用竞争性共同进化遗传算法，进行求解。

On this basis, according to historical data, apply ANN and differential simulation method to get the quantitatively correlative relations between each production and its own influence factors, and introduce the new methods of prediction for dynamic indexes with gas-field development (The combinatorial prediction method based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the method of ANN to select optimally combinatorial prediction models and the ANN prediction method based on genetic algorithm).(2) Base on mathematical programming, combine with quantitative economics and techno-economics, introduce economical indexes to establish production"s distribution optimal model, production"s constitution optimal model and measured production"s constitution optimal model, including multi-objective models and five-years models. Upon this, the optimal project for all gas field and each gas-collected factory can be got. Also, introduce the time value of capitals to improve on these models.(3) Base on the optimal solution theory and algorithm theory for the nonlinear programming problem, introduce the SUMT algorithm and genetic algorithm to study how to solve the models, and on the basis of normal genetic algorithm, make use of auto-adaptively modulating method to improve on normal genetic algorithm; Base on algorithm"s convergence theory and calculation"s complexity theory to analyze seriatim SUMT algorithm"s convergence and genetic algorithms convergence, and compare performance with each other.

在此基础上，利用神经网络方法和微分模拟方法根据历史数据得到各分项产量与其影响因素之间的定量关联关系，并引入气田开发动态指标新的预测方法(基于模糊综合评判的组合预测方法、神经网络优选组合预测模型预测方法以及基于遗传优化的神经网络预测方法)；(2)以数学规划为基础，结合数量经济学和技术经济学，引入经济指标建立产量分配优化模型、产量构成优化模型、措施产量构成优化模型、气田开发多目标规划模型以及五年规划模型，进而获得全气田及各采气厂的最优方案，并引入资金时间价值对五年规划模型进行改进；(3)以非线性规划问题的最优解及算法理论为基础，引入SUMT算法以及遗传算法对模型的求解进行研究，并在原有的遗传算法基础上，引入自适应调整方法对遗传算法进行改进；以算法的收敛性理论和计算复杂性理论为基础，逐一分析SUMT算法以及遗传算法的收敛性，并比较三种算法的优劣性。

The 54 accessions were classified into five major groups:Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ by cluster analysis using UPGMA, which showed significant relationship with the origin regions of accessions. Genetic differentiation between and within eight eco-geographical groups of C.dactylon was estimated by Shannon's diversity index, which showed that 63.81% genetic variance existed within group, and 36.19 % genetic variance was among groups, indicating rather large genetic distances among those germplasm, and there was a correlation between genetic differentiation and eco-geographical habits among the groups.

聚类分析结果表明，52份材料可聚为5类；基于Shannon多样性指数估算了8个狗牙根生态地理类群内和类群间的遗传分化，类群内的遗传变异占总变异的63.81%，类群间的遗传变异占总变异的36.19%，表明这些抗源材料遗传差异较大，各生态地理类群间的遗传分化与其所处的生态地理环境具有一定的相关性。

Moreover, the actual allele frequency of most varieties deviates far from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. All PPB、na 、I、h、Gi and Fst have proved to be the references to elucidate that ISSR is a most powerful tool to analyze genetic diversity, compared with the RAPD marker and the allozyme marker is less strong ordinally. We could divided the 70 samples into A, B, C, D and E five groups using three methods according to genetic distance clustering. There is a bit displacement for few varieties in different clustering maps, but the most are similar to morphological analysis despite that there is still a great difference among cultivars in the same one group. The above results imply that the three methods have the different sensitivity and resolution in genetic distance analysis of close varieties. The Mantel test indicates that the results from the three kinds of markers have the significant correlation, which demonstrates that the number of the used three kinds of markers is enough to exactly detect the diversity of all 70 samples to ideal extent. And these methods can be used to evaluate the diversity of the whole group using the miscellaneous samples instead of the individual sample, of the Gerbera jamesonii are mainly from tissue culture plants. In conclusion, the above study results provide a reference for the application of three kinds of molecular markers to molecular marker-assisted breeding of flower. 2. The genetic diversity among the eight introduced cut-flower varieties of Ranunculus asiatica was analyzed by the ISSR markers. Based on the genetic clustering tree, all the colorful flower varieties are clustered into one group, and the white flower varieties into another group. Moreover, among the former group the yellow flower varieties are clustered into one sub-group, and the reddish flower varieties, such as rose color, pink, nacarat, are clusetered into another sub-group.

由三种分子标记的分析结果可以看出，等位基因平均值、观察杂合度、Fis值、Fit值皆较高，表明非洲菊等位基因较丰富，杂合基因偏多，且绝大部份品种的实际等位基因频率在品种内偏离了Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium；PP8、na、Ⅰ、h、Gi及Fst皆表明，ISSR检测遗传多样性的能力最强，其次是RAPD，等位酶最低；根据遗传距离进行聚类，三种方法都把70个品种分成A、B、C、D、E五个大组，每一组中除少数品种发生位移外，大部份品种分类结果相似，且与形态分析结果有相似性，但在每一组中，品种间的聚类差别较大，表明这三种方法在近距离品种间检测遗传变异时灵敏度及分辨力不同；Mantel检测表明，三种标记的分析结果有显著相关性，表明所用的三种分子方法的标记数量已经可以相对无偏地检测到70个品种间遗传变异；非洲菊为组培苗，三种标记的检测结果皆表明，混合样品可以作为个体样品的代表，对整个居群的遗传多样性进行评价；这些研究结果可为三种分子标记方法在花卉分子辅助育种中的进一步应用提供借鉴。

In this study, genetic analyses were conducted to determine the genetic basis in an elite resistant inbred line Siyi with complete resistance to maize dwarf mosaic. A new genetic model, two dominant complementary genes conditioning the resistance, were found by Mendelian genetic analysis based on parents, F1, F2 and backcrosses in three successive years' field trails. The two genes were further mapped near the centromere of chromosome 3 and 6, respectively by tightly linked microsatellite markers using 242 plants from F2 generation. The resistance gene on chromosome 3 is 1.0 cM apart from the flanking markers phi053 and umc1527, respectively. Whereas the linkage distance between two flanking markers bnlg1600 and phi075 and resistance gene on chromosome 6 was 1.0 and 4.0 cM, respectively. Genotypic analysis of the plants from testcross and F3 populations supported the new genetic manners.

课题组通过连续三年的抗病鉴定，在国内种质资源中筛选出一份综合农艺性状优良、配合力较高的自交系四一，三年的表型遗传研究和两年的分子标记工作，发现四一中的玉米矮花叶病抗性是由两对显性互补基因控制的，进而利用F2作图群体，把发现的两个基因定位在第三和第六染色体的着丝点附近，并获得了双侧紧密连锁的分子标记连锁图谱，其中第三染色体上的分子标记UMC1527和phi053从抗病基因双侧逼近1 cM，而第六染色体上的分子标记phi075、bnlg1600从抗病基因双侧分别逼近4 cM和1 cM；利用B2群体、F2：3家系、BC3F1群体和带有第三、第六染色体抗病基因以及两个抗病基因的近等基因系，进一步证实了四一中成株期抗性是由两个显性互补基因控制的。

The China Chemical Engineering Reagent Website(www.ce-r.com)focus in the information service market of chemical engineering products, with integration of the organic chemical engineering, inorganic chemical engineering, chemistry reagent , petroleum chemical engineering, foundation chemical engineering, plastics, rubber, coating, etc. we are aiming on the profession different characteristics and mainly the related product carry on research and analysis of system, to building up the price database service system.

中国化工试剂网（www.ce-r.cn）专注于化工产品市场资讯的信息服务，整合化工行业内的有机化工、无机化工、化学试剂、石油化工、基础化工、塑料、橡胶、涂料等几大行业，针对各行业不同的特点及主要相关产品进行系统的研究与分析，建立系统的产品价格服务体系。

The China Chemical Engineering Reagent Website(www.ce-r.com)focus in the information service market of chemical engineering products, with integration of the organic chemical engineering, inorganic chemical engineering, chemistry reagent , petroleum chemical engineering, foundation chemical engineering, plastics, rubber, coating, etc. we are aiming on the profession different acteristics mainly the related product carry on research analysis of system, to building up the price database service system.

中国化工试剂网（www.ce-r.cn）专注于化工产品市场资讯的信息服务，整合化工行业内的有机化工、无机化工、化学试剂、石油化工、基础化工、塑料、橡胶、涂料等几大行业，针对各行业不同的特点及主要相关产品进行系统的研究与分析，建立系统的产品价格服务体系。

This study and relevant works are the second year of a five-year on-the-job training program (from January 1, 2002 through November 15, 2006),Major outcomes coming from this project include:(1) Collection and review to the experiences of domestic traffic engineering training programs in the past.(2) The planning of training course schedule, and the collection and presentation of modern traffic engineering technologies (i.e. use a World-wide Web established last year and its website: www.trafficwin.com).(3) To perform surveys to those traffic engineering officials, professors teaching at colleges and universities, chiefs at well-known traffic consultants companies so as to realize who will fit to be our courses' lectuers and establish a lectuers database in the traffic-engineering field.(4) Based on the responses of trainees and trainers, lots of teaching and learning conditions, reviews, and suggestions have been gathered for further reviewing.(5)For the long-term development, the website "Traffic Engineering and management" had replan by used the NUKE website program and phpBB forum program, and accomplishing the correcting.(6)An analysis of the establishment of national traffic engineering training education framework combined with a professional transportation knowledge bank have been done and presented to the Ministry of Transportation and Communication for further consideration and even implementation.

本计画承续自九十一年度起一项为期五年（自民国91年1月1日至民国95年11月15日），由交通部运输研究所办理的委办研究计画「交通工程人才培训计画」，今年为第二期的计画工作期，主要办理完成的工作项目包含：（1）收集、回顾与检讨过去相关之培训课程办理经验；（2）本期培训课程之规划与办理方式，以及交工科技新知之搜集与呈现（延续去年方式采网站资讯公布，网址为：www.trafficwin.com）等项目；（3）针对各县市交通局交通工程管理人员、各大专院校教授交通工程相关课程之教授以及国内知名交通顾问公司主管人员发放「课程讲师人选调查」问卷，详细收集各课程适任之讲师人选，建立一交通工程领域之讲师资料库；（4）依据参与培训课程学员之反应及规划团队之深入分析，整理归纳出本期培训课程之办理情形、相关检讨及心得建议；（5）为「交通工程与管理」网站之长期发展，将网站的架构与程式重新应用nuke网站程式与phpBB论坛程式规划，并改版完成；（6）针对未来培训课程之办理方式、课程内容及教学架构，由参训学员及专家学者直接提供改善之意见，以做为后续计画办理之重要参考与依据。

Main Curriculums: Higher Mathematics, Engineering Mathematics, College Physics, English, Descriptive Geometry and Building Cartography, Program Design and Arithmetic, Introduction to Java, Network Database, Numerical Analysis, Tensor Analysis, Specialty English, Document Retrieval and Utilization, Introduction to Mechanics, Theoretical Mechanics,Mechanics of Materials,Structural Mechanics,Computational Mechanics and Engineering Software, Theory of Plate and Shell, Theory of Elasticity, Composite Mechanics, Advanced Structural Mechanics,Plastic Mechanics of Structural Engineering, Fluid Mechanics, Experimental Mechanics, Vibration Theory, Soil Mechanics and Foundation, Steel Structures, Concrete Structures, Engineering Construction and Engineering Estimate, Engineering Signal Analysis and Processing, CAD of Structure, Design of Structural Optimization, Modern Testing Technologies.

专业课：高等数学、工程数学、普通物理、英语、政治、画法几何及建筑制图、程序设计与算法语言、Java基础、网络数据库、数值分析、张量分析、专业英语、科技文献检索、力学概论、理论力学、材料力学、结构力学、计算力学与工程软件、板壳理论、弹性力学、复合材料力学、高等结构力学、结构工程塑性力学、流体力学、实验力学、振动理论、土力学与地基基础、钢结构、混凝土结构、工程施工与概预算、工程信号分析与处理、结构CAD、结构优化设计、现代测试技术等。

Both both me plant and international a dozen or more home in the front rank electric heater manufacturing company unfold recurrenting exchange visits exchange of know-how,per annum time after time head for abroad advance electric heater manufactory and look into ,study combine drink in abroad advanced industry electric heater manufacturing engineering AND production run, technical skill, electric heater dedication spare improve on technology, product replacement and update technology,take me plant industry electric heater product soever at variety type, kiln strain renewal, underpinning advancement, spare manufacturing engineering advancement, manufacturing engineering automation, loading pattern AND discharge basket manufacturing engineering approach, wds brasque power-saving technology, ceramic fiber wave stack normal height prick suspended ceiling technique, non-oxidation shielding gas atmosphere, carburize, nitride, salt bath, saltpetre salt austemper, precision heat treater art, flow equalization temperature equalization recuperation asymmetry oil quenching bath manufacturing engineering, microcomputer procedure heat treatment cycle curve control warm up grade spectrrm,in a position to and internationally advance industry electric heater manufacturing engineering held in.

我厂与国际十多家著名电炉制造公司开展经常性互访技术交流，每年多次前往国外先进电炉制造厂和研究所，学习并吸收国外先进的工业电炉制造技术和生产过程、工艺技术、电炉专用零部件改进技术、产品更新换代技术，使我厂工业电炉产品无论在品种类型、炉种更新、基础材料进步、零部件制造技术进步、制造工艺自动化、装料方式和装料筐制造技术方式、WDS炉衬节能技术、陶瓷纤维波浪叠法高压捆扎吊顶技术、无氧化保护气氛、渗碳、氮化、盐浴、硝盐等温淬火、精密热处理工艺、均流均温换热不对称淬火油槽制造技术、微电脑程序热处理工艺曲线控温等各个方面，能够与国际上先进工业电炉制造技术保持同步。

It was just a normal day of school

那只是上学的普通一天

Which is a very good reference in this issue.

这是一个在这个问题上很好的参考。