查询词典 genetic effect

Based on simulation and thorough research of the muti-effect evaporative system, a process of paratactic combination evaporation is added to this system and Genetic Algorithms is used for optimization. In this thesis, Simple Genetic Algorithms and Modified Genetic Algorithms are used to optimize the pressures in evaporators.

在模拟的基础上，通过对齐鲁石化氯碱厂蒸发系统进行深入研究后，本文将并列组合式热泵蒸发工艺应用到该系统中，并运用简单遗传算法和改进的遗传算法对改进后蒸发系统的压力进行了优化，优化的结果显示生蒸汽用量分别减少14.8％和18.5％。

In order to reduce calculation error, the frequency distribution of average values is used to compute the mixed distribution's digital features of each component distribution, thereinto, the number of the component distribution is determined by AIC, choose the number that meets the minimum value of AIC as the component number of mixed distribution, and the other parameters are estimated by EM algorithm; Secondly, because each component distribution is corresponding to a kind of major gene genotype, according to the values of the average and variance of the each component distribution, we can use the limit error of the normal distribution to plot each individual into the correspondent component distribution, namely into correspondent major gene genotype. Then we regard each major gene genotype as a treatment level of one-way analysis of variances, and the one-way multivariate analysis of variance is carried out to calculate the covariance matrix of major gene effect, covariance matrix of polygene effect, covariance matrix of environment effect and so on; At last, combining the weights of the each component distribution of mixed distribution, we can calculate the variance of major gene effect, the variance of polygene effect, environmental variance and the genetic gain of the quantitative trait.

为减小计算误差，本研究采用均值的频数分布来计算各成分分布的数字特征，其中成分分布个数根据AIC准则，选择使AIC值达到最小的成分分布个数作为混合分布的成分分布数，分布中其它参数的确定利用EM算法来估计；其次，每个成分分布对应一种主基因基因型，根据各个成分分布的均值和方差，利用正态分布的极限误差将每个个体划分到相应的成分分布中，即相应的主基因基因型中，将每种主基因型作为单因素方差分析的一个处理水平，对其进行单因素的多元方差分析，分别计算主基因效应协方差阵、多基因效应协方差阵、环境协方差阵等参数；最后结合混合分布中各成分分布的权重即各主基因基因型的分离比例，计算主基因效应方差，多基因效应方差和环境方差，以及遗传力等参数，进而计算该数量性状的遗传进展。

In the long run, the cumulative effect of inequality on investment is negative.（2） Inequality has moderate effect on education, and the cumulative effect is positive.（3） The effect of inequality on investment overweighs its effect on education, so inequality has a strong indirect effect on growth instantaneously. The effect turns positive and then weakly negative.

研究发现：（1）收入差距在即期对投资有非常强的负面影响，之后影响变为正，再逐渐下降至微弱的负，从长期来看，收入差距对投资的累积影响始终为负；（2）收入差距对教育的影响较弱，其累积影响始终为正；（3）由于投资对于经济增长的作用超过了教育，因此收入差距对于经济增长的间接影响主要来自于投资的渠道。

In the first section, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the level of lysozyme secreted by macrophages was first tested by bacteriolytic method; then the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the level of tartaric acid resistant acid phosphatase produced in macrophages was investigated by analyzing the phenol generated in the reaction that was catalyzed by the enzyme; the third, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the phagocytic activity of macrophages was observed by microscopy; the forth, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the production of complement C4 from macrophages was tested by hemolytic method; the fifth, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the expression of C3b receptors on the surface of macrophages was analyzed by observing the formation percentage of zymosan wreath; the sixth, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the respiratory burst in macrophages was tested by flow cytometry; the seventh, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the production of IL-1α and IL-1β from macrophages was tested by ELISA method.

在这一章中，首先，采用溶菌法考察合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞分泌溶菌酶水平的影响；其次，采用游离酚法研究合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞产生的耐酒石酸酸性磷酸酶水平的影响；第三，采用显微镜观察法考察合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响；第四，采用溶血法测定合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞产生的补体C4水平的影响；第五，采用酵母花环法检测合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞表面C3b受体水平的影响；第六，采用流式细胞术法观察合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞呼吸爆发的影响；第七，采用ELISA法探讨合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞产生IL-1α及IL-1β水平的影响。

The genetic structure of Alternaria alternata Keissler was influenced by genetic background of host cultivar, and the genetic structure of isolates from different host cultivar was different.

赤星病菌的遗传结构也随寄主品种的不同而表现出一定的差异，寄主品种的遗传背景影响着赤星病菌的遗传结构。

Second, according to model characteristic, such as non-linear, non-convex, multiple-peaked and so on, the paper discusses limitation of traditional solving algorithm, such as branch and bound method, GBD method and OA method, puts forward penalty function-makeup integer algorithm and genetic algorithm, analyses procedures of genetic algorithm, such as selection, crossover and mutation, brings forward modifications for specific realized problems of genetic algorithm, such as selection of initial points, operator design, adoptive value adjustment, constraint treatment and so on, and works out correlated solving program.

其次针对该模型非线性、非凸、多峰等特点，讨论了分支定界法、GBD法和OA法等传统求解算法的局限性，提出了罚函数一凑整算法和遗传算法的求解思路，对遗传算法的选择、交叉、变异等过程进行分析，对遗传算法初始点选择、算子设计、适应值调整和约束处理等具体实现问题提出了改进措施，并编制了相关的求解程序。

The thesis also draw several conclusions as follows:(1) Orthogonal experiment design method can be viewed as a special case of genetic algorithm, i. e. a genetic algorithm with a fixed initial population, an oriented-mutation operator and one evolution epoch.(2) In terms of running steps, genetic algorithm is more complex than orthogonal experiment design method.

论文首次对正交试验设计法和遗传算法这两种独立发展起来的方法进行比较研究，提出(1)正交试验设计法是遗传算法的一种特例，即是一种初始种群固定的、只使用定向变异算子的、只进化一代的遗传算法；(2)遗传算法产生的优化解优于正交试验设计法产生的优化解，且遗传算法处理交互作用项的效率高于正交试验设计法；(3)遗传算法的步骤比正交试验设计法复杂，所需的试验次数也要多。

The course starts with reviews on the development of statistical genetics and genetic marker analysis, focuses on the basic principles of contraction of genetic map and mapping QTL, and introduces the approaches to construct genetic map for different type of populations and mapping QTL aiming at type of populations and traits.

本课程从评述数量性状研究方法和遗传标记的发展历程开始，着重讲授遗传图谱构建和基因定位的基本原理，介绍不同类型群体遗传图谱的构建方法和针对不同类型群体和性状类型的基因定位方法。

By using the Neighbor-joining method, a dendrogram was obtained based on genetic distances. The bootstrap values were evaluated for each crunode of the dendrogram by means of bootstrap test. The results showed that the mean heterozygosity of the whole native egg-typing duck breeds population was lower than those of native chicken breeds and goose breeds, suggesting that the genetic diversity in those duck breeds population is relativly rare and should be strengthened. The rank of the heterozygosity was consistent with that of the polymorphism information content. The results of the genetic distances between them indicated that the differentiation occurred long time ago. In the dendrogram, Weishan pocked, Youxian pocked, Huainan pocked, Guangxi pocked and Jingjiang pocked were classified into one goup, Chaohuand Enshi pocked were the second group, Liancheng white, Putian black, Jinding, Shanma, Sansui and Shaoxing were the flnra grong.

结果表明：我国所有蛋鸭品种全部群体的平均杂合度较低，其遗传多样性相对贫乏，各保种场要加强多样性的保护；各品种的平均多态信息含量的高低与群体平均杂合度的顺序完全一致；遗传距离的计算说明了13个品种的遗传距离较远，分化时间较长；13个地方蛋鸭品种被聚类为3个类，微山麻鸭、攸县麻鸭、淮南麻鸭、广西小麻鸭、荆江麻鸭聚为一类；巢湖鸭和恩施麻鸭聚为一类；福建省的鸭种连城白鸭、莆田黑鸭、金定鸭、山麻鸭与三穗鸭、绍兴鸭聚为一类。

Genetic distance between Guizhou White Buffalo and Zunyi Buffalo is the closest (0.0910). The clustering dendrograph drawn by UPGMA can clearly reflect the geography distribution, the feature of genetic differentiation, and genetic relationships among Guizhou White Buffalo and 6 buffalo populations.

由UPGMA聚类法得到的系统聚类图反映了贵州白水牛和6个普通水牛群体的亲缘关系远近程度，贵州白水牛没有单独聚为一类，而是与同分布区的遵义普通水牛首先聚类，然后依次与其余地区的普通水牛聚类。

Based on the construction of international financial centre, we have pushed forward the explorations in the integration of cultural industries with financial services.

2010年及整个"十二五"期间，上海文化产业面临更有利的发展时机、更坚实的发展基础和更完善的发展环境。

The koala is an animal with a large bag in its body.

树袋熊用它的身体的一个大的袋子是一只动物。