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But most natural forests were transformed into the artificial cultivated ecosystem—such as farmland, orchard, tea garden, economic forest, artificial forest, and others-which was result from the managing action by mankind such as disforest and reclamation, building plantation. It presented diversification of forest ecosystem conversion mode.

在历史上，中亚热带山地生态系统的自然植被基本上为天然常绿阔叶林，但由于人类的经营活动(如毁林开辟耕地、营造人工林等)，大部(来源：A85BC论文网www.abclunwen.com)分天然林已转变为人工栽培用途的生态系统(如农田、果园、茶园、经济林、人工林等)，呈现出多样化的森林生态系统转换模式。

The domestic forest fire accidents occurs frequently, which has a devastating disserve to our society and caused a serious loss to our economy. Forest fire resulted in a lot of forest resource was burnt, the entironment and zoology balance were effected, industry and agriculture production were influenced directly, sometimes even reduced the people's life and property in a low safety situation.

国内森林火灾事故的频繁发生，其破坏性危害对社会影响极大，给我国的经济造成了相当严重的损失，森林资源大量烧毁，自然环境和生态平衡受到影响，直接影响工农业生产，甚至威胁人民的生命财产的安全。

ABSTRACT Global carbon cycle is a very important issue in the study of global climate change. Forest ecosystem carbon cycle is one of the important part of global carbon cycle, but at the present time there are considerable uncertainties in the research of global carbon cycle, which also exist in forest ecosystems carbon cycle research, especially in the estimation of carbon storage of region forest ecosystems and CO〓 fluxes exchanging with other systems.

全球碳循环是全球气候变化研究的核心问题之一，森林生态系统碳循环是全球碳循环的重要组成部分，目前在全球碳循环的研究中还存在很大的不确定性，这种不确定性同样存在于森林生态系统碳循环的研究中，尤其表现在对区域森林生态系统碳库大小及其与大气CO〓交换通量的估计上。

It is applied in this paper for larch forest harvest regulation in Qianqiugou Forest Farm, Guancenshan Forest Management Bureau, Shanxi Province.

分层序列法是一种多目标决策方法，本文将其用于山西省管涔山森林经营局千秋沟林场落叶松经营类型的森林收获调整。

In plantation management, APP GXFMC reserves buffer strip, sets up firebreak, plants trees of various species and clones. Plantation forms natural mixed forest in group with nearby indigenous forests. Plantation and surrounding environment compose a perfect ecosystem together. Thereby biodiversity is improved. And forest regulation and control capacity is enhanced. Forest capacity of prevention from disease and pest is increased, too.

APP广西林务在营林中，保留缓冲带、设置防火隔离带、种植不同的树种和不同品系的树林，与周边乡土林成自然块状混交，使人工林与周围环境形成了一个良好的生态系统，从而提高了生物多样性，提高了森林的自我调控能力，增强了森林自身抗御病虫害的能力。

Engineering multi-targets and outer-benefits of conversion cropland into forest, modulation flaccidity of forest asset collocated market were analyzed in a new point, after conversion cropland into forest. Relations and focuses of different main bodies were cleared, and a result indicated that benefit maintenances and inner drive collocations of main bodies were the key of follow-up policies.

从新的视角分析了退耕还林工程运营目标的多元性、效益的外部性、退耕还林工程后林木资产配置市场机制调节的软弱性，理清了退耕还林工程不同主体之间的关系及关注的侧重点，得出了培育后续产业维护经营主体利益、调动经营主体的内在动力是后续政策关键的结论。

They are: fishing in the big river, Aunting on the horse in the forest, hunting on the prairie, hunting on foot in the forest Ⅰ(the main body is Yakut-Ewenki) and Hunting on foot in the forest Ⅱ(the main body is Han, Man and Koreans).

本文着重分析了"北方渔猎文化带"，这条文化带从大兴安岭中段开始，沿大兴安岭和嫩江，从西南向东北，一直延伸到大兴安岭西北坡和东北段，然后折向东南，沿伊勒呼里山、小兴安岭和黑龙江，最后，到黑龙江、松花江和乌苏里江三江汇合处。

The patterns and changing of The Changbai Mountain forest ecosystem services affected by human activities were explored in this paper. The impact of human activities on Changbai Mountain forest ecosystem services include positive effects and negative effects, they were expatiated in the paper. The positive effects include protecting idioplasm resources, wildlife and natural landscape, and forest fireproofing, and so on. The negative effects contain the capacity of biodiversity, purifying environment, regulating climate, buffering disaster and supplying product etc.

摘 要：本文分析了人类活动对长白山森林生态系统服务功能影响的方式和利弊，并将其影响分为正面影响和负面影响进行阐述，其中正面影响为生物种质资源保护、野生动植物资源保护、森林防火、自然景观保护等；负面影响为生物多样性维持能力下降、影响生态系统对大气和气候的调节过程、削弱净化环境的能力、影响水文调节能力、影响灾害缓冲能力、降低生态系统产品供给能力、改变营养物质的贮存和循环过程等。

Taking the forest inventory data on forest resources investigated from June 2005 to January 2006 as the basis,the forest resource status of Guangnan county ,including the conditions of resource growth and decline were analyzed.

以2005年6月中旬至2006年1月底对广南县进行森林资源调查所获的资料为依据，论述了该县的森林资源现状，并对其森林资源的消长情况作了分析，进而评述了广南县森林资源的特点并作出了评价。

Among the environmental factors,temperature nearly make the same effect toall the tree species of broad leaf korean pine forest.Moisture and fertility of soil aregreatly depend on the soil type.In the broad leaf korean pine forest zone,humus darkbrown soil has the best condition of moisture and fertility,The following are typicaldark brown soil、flood and forest soil;the third is albic brown soil and meadow soil;The worst ones are skeleton brown soil and marshy soil.

在影响树木生长的环境因子中，温度对所有树木的影响几乎相同，土壤的水肥因子是与土壤类型相关性很大的量，不同的土壤类型，水肥条件相差极大，在长白山阔叶红松林带，土壤水肥条件最好的是腐殖质暗棕壤，其次是典型暗棕壤和河滩森林土，土壤水肥条件一般的是草甸土和潜育暗棕壤，水肥条件最差的是粗骨棕壤和沼泽土。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。