查询词典 estimation of error

The dissertation focuses on performance gradient estimation and SRO algorithm of DES aswell as other related topics,such as modeling of DES and discrete event simulation,performancemeasure Hessian matrix estimation,Stochastic Approximationand so on.General Semi-Markov Processis adapted to describe behaviour of DES and discrete eventsimulation.A general result is obtained and applied to analyze strong consistency of performancegradient Perturbation Analysisestimator.Conditions for effectiveness of InfinitesimalPerturbation Analysisare also discussed.New PA algorithms,such as server PA,PA usingDirac generalized function,job sequence PA etc.,are proposed to deal with discreteparameters.Furthermore,strategies of combining PA algorithms with certain iterative rules areanalyzed widely in order to optimize DES parameters and some SRO algorithms are constructed toslove DES optimization problems.

论文将DES性能分析领域中性能梯度估计和单运行仿真优化作为主要的研究对象，探讨了与性能梯度估计有关的DES和离散事件仿真过程建模、高阶导数估计以及随机逼近等理论和方法；建立了具有一般性的DES和离散事件仿真的广义半Markov过程模型；获得了分析性能梯度估计量强相合性的理论结果和无穷小摄动分析算法应用的条件；提出了诸如服务台数目的摄动分析、奇异摄动分析、串联生产线和加工车间中工件加工序的摄动分析等一系列摄动的思想和算法，对连续参数和离散参数都进行了深入的研究；对摄动分析算法同优化规则结合实现仿真优化的策略也进行了广泛的分析，构造了新型的变界截尾的随机逼近算法，并用于DES的单运行仿真优化研究；最后，给出了DES性能分析方法的实证性研究结果。

In general, this paper includes several parts, shown as the following: The first part summarizes the background and outline of stock index future and introduce briefly its local status and CSI 300 stock index future contract. The second part has a retrospect of the main academic papers of both local or overseas, and also a discussion of relevant hedge strategies and models, to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the empirical analysis and test for the operation process of hedge in latter parts. The third part outlines the principle, key factors and real operation process of hedge. Moreover, it makes a empirical analysis on popular hedge models with HK Hang Seng index. In the end, it test the hedge effect of trading on IF0706, CSI 300 stock index future contract, with CCB select-growth securities fund as present underlying. The fourth and also the last part, explores how to define hedge ratio in china mainland market. It includes the stability test ofβfor local securities portfolio, adjustment of historicalβand best data length for estimation of historicalβ, etc. Also, the thesis makes some beneficial experiments on the definition of best data length for estimation of historicalβ, survey of fashion forβand variation for industryβs. Fortunately, it's got some meaningful results.

按照以上研究思路，本论文论述由以下几个部分构成：第一部分，简要概述股指期货产生的背景和基本情况，对国内股指期货进程和沪深300股指期货合约进行简单介绍；第二部分，回顾海内外股指期货避险研究的主要文献，讨论相关避险策略及避险模型，为后面套期保值策略如何有效运用的实证分析和检验提供理论基础和依据；第三部分，对套期保值的原理、关键因素及实际流程进行概述，并采用香港恒生指数对常用的几种避险模型进行实证分析，最后一揽子以建信优选成长股票型基金为现货标的，实际检验以沪深300股指期货模拟交易IF0706产品进行对冲时的套期保值效果；第四部分，探讨国内确定避险比率的过程，包括国内股票组合β值的稳定性检验、历史β值的修正及估计历史β值的最佳数据长度等，通过数据分析，本文在寻找估计β值的最佳数据长度和考察风格、行业β值的差异上做了较为有益的尝试，并得到了有助于现实操作的结果。

In this work, we found that in the line-correspondence based homography estimation by a DLT-like method, some gross estimation errors could arise under some camera configurations, especially when there exists image line passing through the origin of the image coordinate system.

在研究和实际应用中我们发现，直接线性方法在基于线对应的单应矩阵估计中会出现在某些特殊的摄像机姿态下误差较大的情况。

In this algorithm,the fuzzy hypersphere membership functions of the state estimation of local filters are combined with the weights of the fusion network,and the weights of the network can be adjusted online,so that the whole estimation is adaptive and fault-tolerant.

该算法将局部滤波器状态估计的模糊超球隶属函数引入网络，在线调整融合网络权值，实现全局估计的自适应性和容错性。

From the results of expanded state estimation application, which is a representative parameter estimation method proposed before, it often happened that the parameters could not be estimated or estimated imprecisely.

扩展状态估计法是一种有代表性的参数估计方法，在该算法的实际应用中，发现支路参数不可估计或者估计结果不合理的现象时有发生。

In addition, after the detailed analysis of those macro-blocks that had no forward motion estimation, the motion information is given approximatively relative to their forward reference frames. And then, a amendatory partial derivative estimation is given for the inconsecutive image blocks when occlusion and cut had happened.

另外对编码过程中未进行前向运动预测的宏块特性进行了详细的分析，给出了这些宏块相对于前向参考帧的运动信息估计方法，并对时域不连续的图像块给出了一种修正的偏导数估计方法，以此解决遮挡、切换等现象。

Nevertheless, battalion of this one estimation closes perhaps can't the expenditure that countervail Facebook increases ceaselessly, indemonstrable also Microsoft was noted 2007 endowment the market prise of estimation of 15 billion dollar that makes to its when Facebook.

不过，这一估算营收也许不足以抵销Facebook不断增长的开支，也不能证明微软2007年注资Facebook时对其作出的150亿美元估算市值。

First, mathematical foundation of synchronization, i.e. the theory of parameter estimation is introduced. Then, DA/DD or NDA timing synchronization methods based on the ML estimation of timing parameter are presented. They are all widely applied in actual digital communication systems. Interpolation theory in digital signal processing has application in timing synchronization, which makes the sampling clock independent of the timing control so that timing adjustment is realized completely through digital disposal. The issue of interpolation in timing synchronization is discussed.

首先，介绍了定时同步实现的数学基础，即信号参数估计理论；从定时参数的最大似然估计出发，介绍了基于数据辅助的定时同步方法和基于非数据辅助的定时同步方法，他们在实际的数字通信系统中均有广泛应用；论文探讨了数字信号处理中插值理论在定时同步中的应用，它使得接收端的采样时钟独立于定时控制，定时调整完全通过数字处理方法得以实现。

Then, we discuss a robust implementation of the pilot-symbol-aided estimator that is insensive to channel statistics. The analysis of these algorithms is made by computer simulation. Finally, combinating with the application of channel estimation , we present two techniques: STBC (space-time block coding) and STTC (space-time trellis coding) to improve the performance of channel parameter estimation.

在基于导频的估计中，研究了基于MMSE下二维导频辅助信道估计，并结合无线信道的统计特性在一般不可知的条件下，给出了一种对无线信道的统计特性不是很敏感的鲁棒的二维导频辅助信道估计器，通过实验仿真证明其有效性。

The point estimation and the interval estimation are more ideal. It is worthwhile for other people .

得到的预测的点估计和区间估计都较为理想，具有一定的参考价值。

Molecular Distillation is a kind of high vacuum distillation method, which is suitable for the separation of high boiling, heat sensitivity and viscidity products.

分子蒸馏技术是一种在高真空条件下进行的连续蒸馏过程，适合于分离高沸点、热敏性及具有生物活性的混合物。

They are to the Noughties what yuppies were to the Eighties .

那在六十年代是时髦的，但在八十年代肯定是过时了