查询词典 estimation of error

Based on the study and inheritance of the domestic and overseas achievement in the related field, this thesis makes research into the theory and application: On theory, this thesis puts forward the concepts of Engineering Cost, Engineering Cost Management and Engineering Cost Estimation, analyzes the relation between them; And it introduces the factors which influence the engineering cost estimation, then puts forward the study of the methods; It particularizes the common methods of estimating the engineering cost, introduces the principle, the operation and the application condition, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method; By introducing the mention, the principle, the reasoning process and the comparison with the traditional reasoning mechanisms, it makes out the essence of this method, and views it as a whole.

本文在研究、继承已有国内外研究成果的基础上，在理论和应用方面都进行了研究：理论方面，提出了工程造价、工程造价管理、工程造价估算的概念，分析之间的相互关联；介绍工程造价估算的影响因素，提出对编制方法的探讨；列举出目前常用的工程造价估算方法，介绍各种方法的原理、使用方法及应用条件，分析各自的优缺点；通过介绍基于案例推理的提出、基本原理、推理过程和与传统推理机制的比较，剖析该方法的精髓，对其有了整体把握。应用方面，基于对研究对象的深刻理解，分析了工程造价估算问题和基于案例推理二者结合的必要性和可行性；建立了基于案例推理的工程造价估算系统，综合运用模糊数学、灰色理论、运筹学等知识，构造了系统算法；并运用上述理论和方法进行了实例分析，实现了基于案例推理的工程造价估算问题的初步研究，使得运用基于案例推理方法解决工程造价估算问题的设想得到了肯定。

The motion scope judgement search method based prognosticating the search beginning point, it utilizes the time relativity and the space relativity of block to prognosticate the search beginning point, and adopts the different search pattern according to the block motion scope, the search efficiency is close to the Three Step Search, which proves the feasibility of researching the new efficient motion estimation algorithm according to the characteristic of block motion to use the different search methods; In the end, this paper evaluates the advantage and disadvantage of the different fast algorithms through the data get from the experiment, it will have some reference value to bringing the new and effective motion estimation fast algorithm in the later research.

基于预测起点的运动幅度判断搜索法，该算法利用块的时间相关性和空间相关性来预测搜索起点，根据块的运动幅度大小分别采用不同步长的搜索策略，搜索效率比较接近三步法，证明了根据块运动的特性以结合运用不同的搜索算法来研究有效的运动估计算法的可行性。最后本文通过实验得来的数据来定量地分析评价各快速算法的优缺点，对今后提出新的更有效的运动估计快速算法具有一定的参考价值。

Especially the latest fast estimation method, then expands it on this base, ratiocinates the recursive algorithm based on extreme order statistics, realizing the dynamic estimation of parameters.

特别是最新的快速估计方法，并在其基础上进行了扩展，推导出基于极端顺序统计量的递推算法，实现了参数的动态估计。

At the fourth part of this dissertation, maximum likelihood blind channel estimation methods are described briefly, including general Markov Chain Monte Carlo based joint channel estimation and symbol detection method and finite alphabet set based maximum likelihood method in SIMO-OFDM systems.

在本文的第四部分，简单介绍了最大似然信道估计方法，包括一般意义上的MCMC联合信道估计与符号检测方法，以及SIMO-OFDM系统中基于有限字符集的最大似然方法。

Animals data base for energy potential estimation model and farmer survey data were used in this study to investigate the estimation of Chinese rural household biogas production. On this basis, the biogas yield, family energy consumption, economic profit, and environment profit were compared between biogas household and non biogas household. The results showed that the average biogas yield of Chinese rural household was 450 m3, under 9 months normal working period annually.

该文利用能值潜力估算动物数据库的模型理念，并结合实地调查数据，探索了2007年中国农村户用沼气池产气量的估算方法，在此基础上对比分析了沼气池建设前后，农户家庭能源消费结构、能源经济支出和生态环境的差异。

Based on the estimation of the directions of arrival and the Doppler frequencies of the sources, a quaternion model was proposed, which made the estimation of the DOA and the Doppler frequencies similar to that of one-dimensional azimuths so as to avoid direct and indirect pairing with the complex model.

针对阵列信号处理中方向角、多普勒频率的同时估计问题，提出了方向角、多普勒频率的四元数模型，使估计方向角、多普勒频率二维问题与估计一维问题相类似，从而避免了在经典的二维复数模型估计中直接或间接的配对。

On the other hand, a square root non-optimal set membership state estimation algorithm by ellipsoids is given, and the parallel computation of state estimation using systolic arrays is schemed.

另一方面，提出了一种平方根非最优椭球集员滤波算法，并给出了实现滤波计算的心动阵列结构。

For the purpose of understanding the vulnerability analysis role, importance and relationship with seismic hazard analysis and exposure assessment in earthquake loss estimation in global view, the general procedure of earthquake loss estimation is summarized first.

为了能深入理解结构地震易损性分析的地位和作用，(1)概述了地震损失估计的一般步骤；(2)研究了地震危险性分析、风险区内社会财富估计及这些社会财富地震易损性分析在震害预测中的地位、作用以及三者之间的相互关系；(3)总结了设定地震的可能途径和可能方式，提出了兼顾地震发生的可能性和地震潜在破坏的严重性的设定地震选择原则；(4)比较了目前表示地震动-破坏关系的三种主要方法；综述了国内外地震损失估计的现状，指出目前亟待解决的一些重要问题。

Secondly the estimation of power spectrum of flame signal was made, and it was found to be able to reflect the stability of combustion state, which meaned that when the results of estimation of power spectrum showed that the frequency range in which the signal had certain value of energy became wider, and the peak value became larger, the extent of combustion stability became worse.

本文首次将色度学的原理引入到煤粉火焰颜色定量研究中来，试验研究发现，火焰的色度坐标可以反映火焰中风煤配比的变化：当色度坐标变小时，对应于风煤比变大，并且色度坐标对贫燃火焰反应敏感。据此可用来监视燃烧火焰中风煤配比是否失调。

For beams under positive bending, LRFD approach may be appropriate in the estimation of composite beam strength with floor slab, but tends to be stiffer in stiffness estimation.

在梁的部分采用LRFD 所建议之部分复合断面分析，经与实验结果比较在正弯矩时断面强度可准确评估但劲度的评估则稍差。

The system can be widely used in belt weighing and batching process control,etc.

介绍了基于智能模糊控制的嵌入式配料系统的设计方法，对模糊PID控制过程和系统调零作了重点的讨论，同时给出了PID控制的程序流程图和系统定长调零子程序。

"I dunno," she answered,"but if you show me aroun', I'll recognize it from the lighthouse just outside the porthole."

"我不知道，"她回答说，"如果你能带我转转，我能认出来的，因为灯塔就在舷窗外。"