查询词典 curriculum

Research indicates that technique curriculum implemented on school level shows such characters:(1) For the subject reception, students, Teachers, schoolmasters and teaching researchers all agree on the importance of technique curriculum, but Students and Teachers have lower degree on the subject reception of the curriculum text. As the curriculum value recognized by Student and Teachers, general technique is"enhance the applicatory ability","sense the technique during the daily life", information technique is"inspire the innovation","cultivate information management and exchange ability"; Teachers and teaching researchers oppugn the curriculum aim orientation on information literature; Students and Schoolmasters'understanding on the general technique curriculum doesn't agree with their action.

研究发现，学校实施的技术课程表现出如下特征：第一，主体认同方面，学生、教师、校长和教研员一致认同课程的必要性，但学生和教师对课程文本的总体认同感偏低；学生和教师最认可的课程价值，通用技术是&提高动手能力&、&感知生活中的技术&，信息技术是&激发创造性&、&培养信息处理与交流能力&；教师和教研员对信息素养的课程目标定位存在质疑；学生和校长对通用技术课程存在认识与行为相悖的状况。

A wide range of methods of educational evaluation is used to improve the students potential, their individuality and their creativity.Based on large amount of practicing work, comparing research has been done on the international trend of physics curriculum reformation nowadays and the direction of physics curriculum reformation in China. Then in order to perfect the consultive version of high school physics curriculum standard in Shanghai, suggestions have been given on curriculum target, curriculum setting, curriculum content and curriculum evaluation.

本文在实践工作的基础之上，通过比较研究当今世界各国物理课程标准改革的总体趋势和我国物理课程标准的发展方向，针对《上海市中学物理课程标准》的修订，对中学物理课程定位、课程理念、课程目标、课程设置、课程内容和课程评价进行梳理并提出修改意见。

In section four the thesis in details analyzes the reason of the "alteration" in curriculum implementation, mainly including three aspects of reason: firstly, the reasons of curriculum itself, that is value orientation formerly-designed curriculum, practicability and elasticity of curriculum plan; secondly, influence come from the interior of education system, that is curriculum design, the difference between designer and implementor, the hinderance of linking up in the chain of main-body; thirdly, influence come from external environment, that is traditional view from society, the support and policy which forms a complete set from the government, the regional feature of curriculum implementation and the development and changes of times and etc.

主要包括预设课程的价值取向、课程计划的可行性、课程计划的弹性等课程本身的原因；教育系统内部课程规划、设计者与课程实施者的异质性、课程实施过程中主体链沟通障碍也容易引起异变的产生、课程实施者的素质等方面的原因；外部环境社会传统观念的影响、政府部门的配套政策与支持、课程实施的地域特点、时代的发展变化等方面的原因。

I think that local curriculum is to supply a power to adjust, readapt and expand for local educational government, under the guidance of national education policies and aims in order to made national curriculum system adapt to the needs of local economy, culture and students' development, by the base of national curriculum design and curriculum plan, by the arrangement of curriculum sources. Then after analyzing the base of curriculum theory, this thesis interpreted the value of local curriculum in multicultural background.

首先，通过对现有研究结论和地方课程发展历史的双重反思，重建地方课程概念，提出：地方课程是地方在国家教育方针、政策指导下，为使国家课程体系更好适应本地区经济、文化、学生发展需要，以国家课程方案和课程计划为基础，通过统筹本地区的课程资源和课程力量，行使补充、调整、改编、拓展的权利而自主开发和管理的一类课程。

Combining with the practice of curriculum setting in our primary command vocational education academy at moment, according to the guidance, course and policy of vocational education from headquarters at high level, theory of education target assorting, principle of Thaler, degree theory, category and sequence, means of differentiation and plan are applied comprehensively, and the principle of curriculum setting and curriculum system structure in primary command vocational education academy are pointed out, and the target of vocational education in primary command academy, the principle , contents and methods of curriculum target setting are circumstantiated through investigation and consultation, theoretic analysis and general comparison; the process of curriculum setting in primary command vocational education academy is defined; the curriculum system of vocational education in primary command academy is devised innovatively; with regard to the implementation and optimization of curriculum in military primary command academy, general requirements and basic principles and standards are proposed after pointing out the influencing factors and implementation process.

通过调查咨询、理论分析研究、综合对照比较，结合当前我军初级指挥院校任职教育课程设置的实际，以军委总部关于任职教育的指导思想、方针和政策为政策依据，综合运用了教育目标分类理论、泰勒原理、学历论、范畴与序列、分化与统整等原理和方法，确立了军队初级指挥院校任职教育课程设置的原则；具体设想了适应军队初级指挥院校任职教育的课程体系架构，说明了初级指挥院校任职教育目标与课程目标确立的原则、内容和方法；阐述了初级指挥院校任职教育课程设置的程序；创新提出了初级指挥院校任职教育模块式的课程体系方案，并具体研究提出了合训分流学员的教育内容设置；就军队初级指挥院校任职教育课程实施，分析了影响因素，提出了总体要求，探讨了课程实施过程中主要环节的质量控制。

The upper piece has first hackled the study production of curriculum lead all around the domestic and overseas. On the base of it, this article has expatiated the theory of the principal as curriculum leaders: The first part has emphasized how to define the principal as curriculum leaders; The second part has detailedly introduced the pattern of the principal as curriculum leaders under different curriculum view; The third part has thoroughly analyzed the apocalypse that the overseas' theory study of the principal as curriculum leaders has brought to ours'.

上篇主要在梳理国内外校长课程领导研究成果的基础上，对校长课程领导理论进行阐述：第一部分着重对校长课程领导涵义进行了界定；第二部分详细介绍了不同课程观下的校长课程领导模式；第三部分深入分析了国外校长课程领导理论研究对我国校长课程领导研究的启示。

Firstly, successful curriculum reform should be made on the basis of a valid curriculum theory. Thus it requires that we discard the obsolete ideas and then improve the advancement of curriculum reform; Secondly, during the present of curriculum reform, we must clarify the relationship between inhering and recommend, enhancing and reform, ideal and reality, and guarantee the entirety and continuity of the elementary educational curriculum reform; Thirdly, as a systems engineering, curriculum reform need a rational system of organization to assure it, meanwhile, the corresponding set reform should also be taken; In these years, curriculum integration has become an important and powerful development trend. It will end not only the state of the disintegration and opposition, but also end a kind of traditional curriculum theory and ideological patterns that people has held for a long time.

近20年来的基础教育课程改革的发展历程，既为当前的课程改革提供了许多的经验与指南、问题与教训，也留下了许多研究与思考的问题：进行课程改革首先需要确保课程理念的正确，必须随时改革陈旧过时观念，这就要求课程改革不仅有成熟的理论基础，而且还要有科学的实验支持，从而提高课程改革的理论性、前瞻性和科学性，走一条理论创新与实践探索相互促进的道路；课程改革在其渐进发展过程中需要明确继承与借鉴、发扬与变革、理想与现实等的关系，把握改革的整体性和持续性；课程改革作为一项繁重的系统工程，需要以健全合理的体制做保证，同时相应的配套改革措施应同步进行；课程整合作为一种重要的发展趋势逐渐为人们所关注，它要结束的不仅是一种分割、分离、彼此对立的状态，更是要结束人们长期以来的一种旧有课程理念和思维方式。

Mechanical Drawing mapping, metalworking, mechanical design course design, database and application-based curriculum design, curriculum design, principle and application of microcontroller, multimedia software, curriculum design, machine control and PLC curriculum design, electrical, mechanical manufacturing technology curriculum design, mold design and manufacturing curriculum Design, CNC lathe practice.

机械制图测绘，金工实习，机械设计课程设计，数据库基础及应用课程设计，单片机原理及应用课程设计，多媒体软件课程设计，机床电气控制与PLC课程设计，机械制造技术课程设计，模具设计与制造课程设计，数控车床实习。

Mechanical Drawing mapping, metalworking, mechanical design course design, database and application-based curriculum design, curriculum design, principle and application of microcontroller, multimedia software, curriculum design, machine control and PLC curriculum design, electrical, mechanical manufacturing technology curriculum design, mold design and manufacturing curriculum Design, CNC lathe practice.

课程实践： Course Practices：机械制图测绘，金工实习，机械设计课程设计，数据库基础及应用课程设计，单片机原理及应用课程设计，多媒体软件课程设计，机床电气控制与PLC课程设计，机械制造技术课程设计，模具设计与制造课程设计，数控车床实习。

This thesis commences from the review of the process of music curriculum standards in the recent hundred years of primary and junior high school, concluding the outstanding characteristics of 《Music Curriculum Standards of the compulsory education 》compared with the advanced 《music Teaching syllabus of the compulsory education》. We use the method of question, interviewing and observing etc. to investigate and understand concrete implementation situation of music curriculum standards in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, including the uses of music teachers of 《standards 》, feels of students in implementation of《standards 》. Also this text concluded the variety of music curriculum standards implementation in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia from teaching methods, studying ways, evaluating curriculum etc., concluded the existing drawbacks, and gave suggestion of further development. It also outlooks foreground of curriculum reformation. The aim is to perfect music curriculum standards to guide the music teaching availably.

本文从回顾近百年来中小学音乐课程标准的演变过程入手，通过《义务教育音乐课程标准》与先行的《义务教育音乐教学大纲》的对比，总结了音乐课程标准较之音乐教学大纲的突出特点，在此基础上本文采用问卷法、访谈法、观察法等，调查了解了内蒙古呼和浩特实验区的音乐课程标准实施的具体状况，包括音乐教师对《标准》的使用情况、学生在《标准》实施过程中的感受，并且本文从教师教学方式、学生学习方式、课程评价等几方面总结出内蒙古呼和浩特实验区音乐课程标准实施所带来的变化，同时也总结出实施中所存在的问题，并给出音乐课程标准进一步推广应注意的几点建议，也对课程改革前景予以展望，旨在促进音乐课程标准的进一步完善，以便更有效地指导音乐教学。

Graf, without question, is the greatest women's player in history.

格拉芙，现在，毫无疑问是女子网坛历史上最伟大的选手。

If not, you will have to look around at all your important data.

如果没有，您将需要检查所有的重要数据。