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Meanwhile, they show high abundances of Sr and Ba and high Sr/Y and La/Yb. The volcanic rocks have varied and enriched Nd isotopic compositions ε(subscript Nd=-11~-17, which plot intermediately between the field of the ancient continental crust and the field of the enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle. These geochemical signatures indicate that the volcanic rocks of the Tiaojishan and Donglingtai Formations were originated from a process of hybridization between the enriched mantle-derived mafic magma and the lower continental crust.

火山岩的钕同位素成分变化大，且相当富集ε(下标 Nd=-11~-17，都分布在古老下地壳和富集地幔之间，因此推断北京西山地区髫髻山组火山岩和东岭台组火山岩的形成与富集地幔起源的基性岩浆与古老下地壳组分相互作用有关。

The crustal nature of the northern continental shelf and upper slope of South China Sea is the continental crust.

南海中部和北部几乎包括了所有的海底地貌单元：既有从华南大陆向海区自然

It underwent the collision event of the Southern China plate with the North China plate at early Triassic, overthrust napping event of continental, and continental spread structure event beginning at Cretaceous. I...

它已经历三迭纪早期华南陆块与华北陆块的碰撞事件、大陆逆掩推覆构造事件及后期白垩纪早期开始的大陆伸展构造事件，是我国华南陆块与华北陆块之间的重要过渡单元。

Base on above studies, some conclusions were obtained as follows:(1) ore-forming background of the studied ferromanganese crusts are mainly controlled by intensity of Antarctic Bottom Waters and variations of material source;(2) it is confirmed that the ferromanganese crusts are mainly hydrogenetic and their composition are affected by volcanic and continental material simultaneously; there are no obvious phosphatization reconstruction and element reaction occurred in them, so they have important paleoceanological significance;(3) from researches on element occurrence modes in the new-type ferromanganese crusts and the lying sediments, it is proposed that there is no great biological affection on the crusts formation and their composition mainly came from the adsorptive action of the ferromanganese oxides in them;(4) two major types of ore-controlling factors are identified through compilation of ore-controlling factors, which are geological and oceanic factors;(5) considering the long-term variation trends of the crusts composition, combing the U-series and 10Be isotope dating results, it is proposed that the ore-forming processes of ferromanganese crusts in the studied areas can be divided into three major stages (5.6~2.8 Ma, 2.8~2.7 Ma and since 2.7 Ma), and then the activities of AABW since the Late Miocene, changes of input flux coming from volcanic and continental material are confirmed.

通过研究，得出如下结论：(1)研究区铁锰结壳的成矿背景主要受控于南极底流强弱及物源供给的变化；(2)证实铁锰结壳主要为水成成因，同时其物质组成也受一定程度的火山和陆源物质的影响；结壳自形成以来没有遭受到明显的磷酸盐化等成岩后期改造和元素再迁移，具有重要的古海洋学意义；(3)通过新型铁锰结壳及下伏沉积物元素赋存状态的研究，认为生物作用对研究区结壳的形成并没有很大的直接影响，其物质成分主要来自于结壳中铁锰氧化物的吸附作用；(4)在控矿要素的研究中，归纳出了地质与海洋两大类结壳控矿要素；(5)根据结壳成分长周期变化趋势，结合铀系和10Be测年结果，将研究区结壳的形成过程划分为三个主要阶段(5.6~2.8 Ma，2.8~2.7 Ma和2.7 Ma以来)，并确定了晚中新世以来研究区南极底流的活动情况、火山和大陆来源物质输入量的变化。

This paper deals mainly with the characteristics of the petrology, mineralogy, petrochemistry and geochemistry for the basic volcanics. The above result has indicated that these volcanic rocks are mainly a suite of eruptive pillow basic lava from the sea-floor, which have the characteristics of the continental and oceanic tholeiites and belong to the evolutionary products of the Liaohe rift from continental crust to oceanic crust.

重点討论了基性火山岩的岩石学、矿物学、岩石化学和地球化学特徵，结果表明，这些基性火山岩主要为一套海底喷发的基性枕状熔岩，具有大陆拉斑玄武岩和大洋拉斑玄武岩的双重特徵，是辽河裂穀由大陆壳向大洋壳演化过程中的產物。

And the late Triassic bimodal association reflects the characteristics of intracontinental rift setting, the early Jurassic Raohe ultramafic - mafic rock - pillow lava association represent the environmental characteristics of oceanic island, magmatic arc association represent the characteristics of island arc and active continental margin with the background of the plate subduction, middle Jurassic syn-orogenic granodiorite-granite association reflects characteristics of matching and orogensis after continental accretion.

其中晚三叠世双峰式组合反映了板内裂谷成因特征，早侏罗世饶河超镁铁质-镁铁质岩-枕状熔岩组合代表了洋岛环境特征，岩浆弧火成岩组合代表了板块俯冲背景下岛弧和活动大陆边缘特征，中侏罗世同造山花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩组合反映了陆缘增生后拼贴造山的成因特点，它们总体上代表了由被动陆缘裂向活动陆缘转化并最终发生陆缘增生带拼贴造山的一个演化过程，其间伴随有被动陆缘深海盆地沉积、活动陆缘弧后前陆盆地沉积和陆相类磨拉石建造

The basal continental crust of Tarim-Tianshan area in Xinjiang consists of the continental nucleus, which is composed of grey gneisses, greenstones, and potass granites similar to charnockites, and its accretionary belts mainly of the early Proterozoic and partly the Middle Proterozoic.

塔里木－天山地区基底陆壳由太古宙灰色片麻岩、绿岩和可能是紫苏花岗岩的含钾花岗岩类组成的陆核及其古元古代和少量中元古代增生带组成。

On the background of collision between India plate and Eurasia plate and uplifting of Tibet, the viscosity lower crustal flow induced crust thicken extensively, and driven upper middleup crust break into some big and small subblocks. The continental deformation features in SYR, including remotion of rigid subblock through the movement of huge slip faults and extensive crustal thickening, are not fit "Crustal thickening" mode or "Continental extrusion" mode.

川滇地区的大陆变形特征既存在广泛的地壳增厚现象，同时在下地壳塑性流动的驱动下，中、上地壳破碎成大小不一的块体，变形特征表现出整体刚性，因而不能简单地套用"地壳增厚"或"大陆逃逸"模式。

In the process of intraplate convergence of continental lithosphere, parallel-layer detachment s commonly occur during the subduction of continental crust, owing to the multi-layer and multi-interface characteristics of the subcontinental lithosphere.

与洋陆俯冲关系不同，在板内汇聚过程中，大陆岩石圈固有的多圈层、多界面结构的特点，使得地块的俯冲变形伴有多圈层顺层拆离解耦的行为，使变形结构复杂化。

Firstly, based on the distribution of global earthquakes and their kinematic and dynamic characteristics, the most active global-scale tectonics can be divided into three first-order tectonic system: the circum-Pacific deep subduction tectonic system, which is the region that oceanic lithosphere subduct under continental lithosphere; the mid-oceanic ridge tectonic system, where the joint tectonics of rift valleys and transform faults distribute widely; and the continent-continent shallow underthrusting tectonic system, where the different kinds of continental faults affect each other.

其中，环太平洋构造系以大洋岩石圈向大陆岩石圈俯冲为构造特征；大洋中脊构造系以大洋岩石圈内裂谷-转换断层的组合构造为特征；大陆构造系则以大陆岩石圈的边缘和内部各种断裂的相互作用为特征。

He and Nina moved to California and lived at 2005 Ivar Street, Apt.

他和Nina搬到加州，并在2005年伊瓦尔街，公寓生活。

Droperidol （ potently inhibits transfected HERGchannels and this is the probable mechanism for QT prolongation.

氟哌利多有效地抑制了转染的 HERG 钾通道，可能是 QT 间期延长的机制。