查询词典 context-free language

Based on White event algebra, the formal framework is extended for event algebra, considering semantic definition of events in more concise temporal relationships of events to enhance the expressiveness of event query language while taking into consideration event selection and consumption policy-the context consumption policy to improve the performance of event detection.

基于White事件代数，扩展了事件代数的形式化框架，在形式化框架中考虑复合事件在更精细的时间关系下的语义定义，以增强事件代数的表达能力，同时考虑与应用相关的事件选择和消费策略-上下文策略，以提高事件检测的性能。

With respect to syntax, the roles of tagmeme in the structure of word and sentence and Chomsky's Generative-Transformational Grammar are discussed. The spatial relation theory and existing research achievements are investigated. Having noticed the shortage of the capability of topological and metrical relation in the description of spatial information structure, the author proposes Combinational Qualitative Geometry based on the two invariables under ordinary transformations, distance ratio and direction difference, the CQG-based spatial relation system between topological and metrical constraint is thus constructed, on which several spatial relations such as parallel, perpendicularity, co-linearity, sequence and direct neighborhood are derived. Based on extended theory of spatial relation, the language anamorphosis is analyzed from the aspects of phonetics, semantics and syntax. The mere geometric and formalized spatial relation is then integrated with concrete geographic ontology to accommodate richer and indicative spatial configuration of spatial information in the different geographic context. Finally a syntax framework for spatial information is put forward.

在语法结构方面，首先阐述了法位和法素在语法结构词法和句法中的地位和作用，以及Chomsky生成转换语法的核心内容；详细介绍了地理信息系统空间关系理论及现有的研究成果；在分析现有的拓扑关系和量度关系对空间信息结构描述能力不足的基础上，提出了基于长度比和角度差两个不变量的组合定性几何，以此建立了介于拓扑及量度约束之间的组合定性关系体系，并以此为基础派生出平行、垂直、共线、次序、直接邻近等空间关系描述；本文基于扩展的空间关系理论，详细讨论了空间关系在语音、语法和语义三个方面的语言变体，将纯几何和纯形式化的空间关系与具体的地理本体结合起来，可以获得更为丰富的、更能反映空间关系在不同语言上下文中具体体现的组合关系；最后给出了一个空间信息的语法结构的基本框架。

Court is a quite special context in which the language used by the parties are apparently antithetical.

法庭是一种相当特殊的语境，在这个语境下语言的对抗性十分明显。

Therefore, this thesis, with Verschueren's Adaptation Theory as its theoretical framework, does not confine itself to the cultural interpretation only when dealing with the cause of pragmatic failure. Instead, it points out that the root cause of pragmatic failure is that in the course of communication either the utterer or the interpreter fails to adapt language to the communicative context, which is composed of language users, physical world, social world and mental world.

因此，文中对语用失误成因的分析跳出了文化因素的局限，以Jef Verschueren的顺应论为理论框架，全面地诠释了语用失误的根本原因是在言语交际过程中，由于交际的任何一方忽视了语言与交际语境诸因素，即语言使用者，物理世界，社会世界和心理世界的动态顺应造成的。

This paper aims to explain the cause of interlingual pragmatic failure and intralingual pragmatic failure with Verschueren's Adaptation Theory.It points out that the main cause of these two kinds of pragmatic failures is that in the course of communication either the utterer or the interpreter fails to adapt language to communicative context(i.e.,language users,physical world,social world and mental world).

以交际发生在跨文化还是同一文化为标准，把语用失误分为语际语用失误与语内语用失误，并从顺应理论的角度分别阐释这两种类型的语用失误产生的根本原因，即都是在言语交际过程中，由于交际的任何一方忽视了语言与交际语境诸因素（如语言使用者、物理世界、社交世界、心理世界等）的动态顺应而造成的。

Thist paper chooses 90 groups of "Tong_su_yi_xu synonymic words" from "Modern Chinese dictionary ", and divides them into three kinds according to the interpretation method in the dictionary, regards web page of Sohu website as the platform, us.es the search engine to carry on the search of the word , count the frequency that every group"s word appears , and rejects artificially the mistakes appearing in all web pages that can be opened, language fact presented in observation post then carefully (namely the example sentence with this word appearing in the webpage), and find that the 90 groups of "Tong_su__yi_xu synonymic words" except that the meaning of a word is the same, have quite a few of at frequency of utilization and concrete usage for difference: Because people"s use habit and word use the difference on to cause the appearance frequency of the word analogous to or with a wide gap, because of word-building ability, the word collocates, the word overlaps or the language usually overlaps, linguistic context of area and times , the meaning of a word that the word appears are abstract and concrete, semanteme is laid particular emphasis on, the morphological feature-change, etc.

本文从《现代汉语词典》中选取90组同素异序同义词，按词典中的释义方法将其分成三类，以搜狐网站的网页为平台，运用搜索引擎进行词语的搜索，统计下每组词语出现的频率，并将所有能打开的网页中出现的错误进行人工干预，然后仔细观察所出现的语言事实(即网页中出现的含有该词语的例句)，发现这90组同素异序同义词除了词义相同之外，有相当一部分在使用频率和具体的用法上还存在着差别：由于人们的使用习惯和词语使用上的差异造成词语的出现频率相当或者相差悬殊，又因为构词能力、词语搭配、词语重叠或语素重叠、词语出现的区域和年代语境、词义抽象与具体、语义侧重、词性变化等方面的差异造成词语使用上的区别。

The practical and theoretical significance of this study is concluded as the following three aspects: 1 the application of SFG's metafunction theory grasps the language patternings that encode the writer's perspective in fiction; 2 the adoption of SFG's conception of meaning potential and context facilitates the insight into the stylistic value of those foregrounded language patternings; 3 the focus of this approach on both the formal and semantic dimensions of perspective strengthens the grasp of perspective's essence and enhances the study of perspective in fiction.

本文所提出的对小说视角的系统功能语法分析模式的理论意义和实践价值在于：一，运用系统功能语法对及物性和情态的描写、分析，抓住了蕴含视角的语言样式的特征；二，采用了系统功能语法关于语义潜势和语境的理论，从而揭示了相关语言样式的文体价值；三，从语言的意义和形式相结合的层面来操作，抓住了小说视角的本质，促进了对视角在小说中的意义和价值的全面深入的探究。

The article analyses how a spoken humor in a real situation is created in the theories of:"garden path phenomenon"; TG theory; how humour is created syntactically; how visual information preempts hearing result; and the contradiction of internal language and external language; pragmatic context, non-utterance communication are also included, etc.

运用&花园路径现象&理论、TG理论，对言语／语言幽默二者共同作用的生成过程加以句法阐述；对非言语交际理论的&目治&的先在性和&耳治&的一维性的矛盾过程加以分析；对内部语言的&多维&与外部语言的&一维&理论反溯分析；同时也运用语用语境等理论；分析一组口语情景幽默的生成过程。

As a result, Theory of Context not only scrutinizes that language concerns the fact of "Being", not "have been", but also reveals the relationship between language and "Being".

因此，语境论既说明了语言是关于存在而不是&存在者&的，同时也把语言和存在的关系以容易理解的方式摆在我们面前。

English is a Synthetic language marked with inflexions, while Chinese is an analytic language without any inflexion, which is usually implied in the context or explicitly shown in such words as "着","了""过"etc.

英语属综合性语言，其标志为词的曲折变化形式；汉语为分析性语言，靠&着&，&了&&过&之类的助动词表达不同的时间关系。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。