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Grounded on the first chapter, new and original in content, the second and the third chapters, employing the theories in phonetics, writing, rhetoric, semantics and aesthetics, further discusses the rhetorical and the semantic functions of the comma in English and Chinese: rhetorically speaking, the comma can be used to clarify, to expound, to substitute, to emphasize, to contrast, to complement, or to vivify; semantically speaking, the comma itself can carry information to indicate certain meaning, or the presence and absence of the comma can cause semantic changes. The fourth chapter applies what has been discussed in the previous chapters to English-Chinese translation.

在此基础上，本文第二、三章标新立异，运用语音语调原理、写作、修辞、美学、语义学等方面的知识，通过详实的文献实例，全面地论述了英汉语逗号的修辞和语义功能：从修辞功能的角度看，逗号可以用以进行澄清、解释、替代、强调、对比、补充，或是取得生动和幽默的效果，等等；从语义功能的角度看，逗号本身可以作为信息载体，暗含特定的意思，在更多的情况下，它本身不含意义，但它的使用与否会引起整个句子意思的变化。

The first two chapters showcase the Anti-Rightist Campaign (1957) and "the Great Leap Forward"(1958). Based on the works of Poetry and the poems relevant to the two said political campaigns, these two chapters analyze the ways in which the poems assembled, cohered and acquired referentiality intra-textually and in a wider cultural context. Changes in that formative process provide an effective frame of reference for us to reflect on the losses and gains of the Poetry and socialist literature in a particular time.

前两章分别选择1957年下半年的&反右派&和1958年的大跃进这两个典型的运动，根据《诗刊》与这两个运动有关的作品来分析文本与文本群、文本类型在自身内部以及在更大的文化语境中聚集、凝结和获取现实指涉力的方式，其中的变化过程为我们思考和总结一个刊物和一个阶段的社会主义文艺的特点和得失提供一个有效的观察点。

It may be divided into two parts except for introduction and conclusion. Firstly, chapters 2,4,5,6 investigate and analyze the informal debt-collection practice in Southern China, and chapter 3 deals with the concept of self-help explanatorily. Secondly, chapters 7,8,9 explore self-help more generally and try to construct a general theory of self-help remedy.

除导论和结语外，全文可分为二大部分：第二、四、五、六章系对华南一个民间收债个案的调查与分析，其中插入第三章私力救济的概念；第七、八、九章虽未完全脱离个案，但力图放宽视野，更一般地分析私力救济现象和进行理论建构。

This dissertation consists of five chapters. The arrangement of the chapters and the main contents in each chapter are presented as follows:In chapter 1, we make a brief introduction to all kinds of magnetoresistance effects; the basic properties of the perovskite-type manganese oxides, including research history, crystal structure, electronic structure, magnetic structure, and the electronic and magnetic phase diagrams; the strain relaxation of manganite thin films; and the research progress in application.

各章的主要内容分别概括如下：第一章简单介绍了各种磁电阻效应；钙钛矿锰氧化物的基本性质，包括研究历史、晶体结构、电子结构、磁结构和电磁相图；锰氧化物薄膜中应力弛豫；锰氧化物在应用方面的研究进展。

It is a matter of debate whether there have been Successor Chapters during subsequent Foundings, although it appears likely and many scholars point to similarities in the physique, markings and tactical dogma of Chapters such as the Storm Giants and Black Dragons.

现在争论的焦点就是有关衍生战团的问题，许多学者试图拿出相似构成，相似经历的军团诸如风暴巨人战团和黑龙战团来证明自己的说法。

The second, third and fourth chapters are the focus of this study, Chapters II and III are respectively about the detailed examination of the English expression for the seeking of the Chinese connectives for purpose and the avoiding of the Chinese connectives for purpose.

第二、三、四章是本文研究的重点，其中第二章和第三章分别就汉语的求得目的关联词和求免目的关联词在英语中的相应表达进行了细致的考察。

Some books do go on for chapters and chapters reiterating the same points over and over again; I should know, as I read most of them when I was completing my dissertations at university.

有的书做下去的章节和章节重申同一点一遍又一遍，我应该知道，因为我看过其中大部分是当我完成我的论文在大学。

The same remark applies to the chapters of the Vatican Council in its two Constitutions, as appears from the concluding words of the proemium of the first Constitution and from the initial phrases of most chapters.

同时，这句话适用于各章节，梵蒂冈理事会在其两部宪法，似乎从结论的话，该proemium的第一部宪法，并从最初的词组，大部分章节。

Following chapters lay emphasis on conclusion, systemizing scrap viewpoints and data. In these chapters there are some creative views on the history to comment on the indoor style.

见目录秦汉以后的论述中，由于建筑界及考古界的工作者做了大量相关性的工作，这部分的章节偏重于总结，将零散的观点和资料系统化，同时在室内设计的理论和美学方面也有独到的见解。

Many scholars think that these chapters are another epistle, because they are so different from the preceding chapters.

许多学者认为，这些章节是另一个书信，因为他们是如此不同，前面的章节。

Cable dampener cannot be rolled up but must be hung over the cable.

缆帆不能被卷起，必须保证处于展开状态

"This skylark is a present from my master," he says.

"这只云雀是我主人献上的礼物。"他说。