查询词典 boundary element method

This paper systematically provides an overview of recent developments in small punch test technology including empirical and computational methods for determining elasto-plastic parameters from the measured data of small punch test. The computational methods involve finite element and parameter method, inverse finite element procedure, finite element and inverse methodology, inverse identification based on artificial neural networks, finite element optimization, shape deformation and hybrid inverse procedure et al.

本文系统综述小冲杆试验的测量技术及从测量数据来确定材料弹塑性参数的各种经验方法和计算方法，例如有限元分析和参数法、反向有限元法、有限元和反方法、反向识别和人工神经网络、有限元优化和试验变形形状以及杂交反方法等。

The invention discloses a measuring method for firing conclusion and gas flow rate in the process of liquid, gas fuel firing, which comprises the following steps: positing three points on fuel transmission pipe, air pipe and gas pipe, setting regular measuring device or sampling device, measuring the flue's element and flow rate of point 1, air element of point 2, and gas element of point 3, inputting the data of three points into computing unit, computing air flow rate Mair, gas flow rate Mgas and firing conclusionηB by the element of air, flue, and gas and flue flow rate Mburn.

本发明公开了一种液体、气体燃料燃烧过程中燃烧完全度和燃气流量的确定方法，步骤为：在燃料输送管道、空气管道和烟气管道上分别设置三测点，并安装常规的测量装置或取样装置；分别测量测点1的燃料成分和流量；测点2的空气成分；测点3的燃气成分；将三测点的测量数据输入计算单元；根据空气、燃料和燃气的成分以及燃料流量M burn ，计算空气流量M air 、燃气流量M gas 和燃烧完全度η B 。

Based on the virtual displacement principle of finite element method, a weak variation of GAO-YONG turbulence equations is put forward. The subroutine of the element and the integrated finite element code are generated by the finite element program generator successfully.

基于有限元方法中的虚位移原理，写出了不可压流Gao-Yong湍流方程组弱形式的微分方程表达式，利用有限元程序自动生成系统得到了全部有限元计算程序。

With a 586 computer and ALGOR FEAS software of finite element method, the static stresses of the equalizing bar are obtained by finite element analysis for three finite element models of beam, plate and brick element.

在微机586和ALGOR FEAS有限元软件环境下，对推土机平衡梁以梁、板、块单元为主分别建立了三种有限元模型和进行了有限元应力分析。

The finite element model included two types of main element: beam element for concrete and truss element for internal unbonded or external tendon. The end nodes of main elements were connected with internal constraints named MPC in ABAQUS. Spring elements with very large stiffness were set up at the place of the deviators of externally prestressed beams, or along the span with relatively little space of unbonded internally prestressed beams. The modified Riks method is utilized to trace the entire structural response of beams prestressed with unbonded tendon from zero to ultimate loads. The reliability of the analysis model is verified by analytical results of typical test beams in comparison with experimental ones.

该有限元模型由两类主单元组成，即混凝土梁单元和体内无粘结或体外预应力筋桁架单元；主单元的端部节点用ABAQUS的内在约束MPC连接；在体外预应力梁的转向块处，或沿体内无粘结预应力梁全跨并以比较小的间隔设置刚度足够大的弹簧单元。

The inner force of the line element for underground structure have been calculated using the traditional finite element mesh and high-order manifold method to guarantee the numerical precision of the line element and overcome the disadvantages due to the geometry error between the actual position and computational position of the beam and truss element in common use.

用传统的有限元网格和流形方法的高阶覆盖位移函数来进行地下结构的杆、梁单元计算，保证了线单元模拟的数值精度，同时又克服了常用的杆、梁线单元计算位置与实际位置不相符合从而带来计算误差和结构设计不便等缺点，提供了一种解决结构数值计算的较好的途径。

The revised Hargraves formula has the best result compared with Penman-Monteith formula, the average relative error is 6%, moreover, Hargaves method requiring the least data in calculating ETo, so this method has the high actual application value; The following are Radiation method and Blaney-Criddle method ; The worst is the Pan method, even after revised, the highest and average relative error is 36% and 10%, respectively. So, in this study, Penman-Monteith method, Radiation method, Blaney-Criddle method and Hargraves method are used except Pan method.

在这四种方法中，修正后的Hargraves方法与彭曼—蒙特斯方法的计算结果符合最好，其平均相对误差为6％，而Hargraves方法需要的气象数据只有计算时段的最高、最低温度，该方法具有较高的实际应用价值；辐射方法和布兰尼—克里德尔方法次之；蒸发皿方法最差，即使在修正后，E601型蒸发皿的最大误差也高达36％，平均为10％，所以在预报系统的研究设计中采用了除蒸发皿方法之外的四种方法。

The primary studying works and characteristics:1 To summarize reinforcing theory of cement mixing pile composite foundation2 To analyze the primary mechanics characters and changing rules of cement mixing pile, based on analysis of test data both indoor and outdoor.3 To discuss siding frictional resistance, ending resistance, ultimate bearing capacity of simple mixing pile and effectiveness factor of grouped piles, loading ratio of soil between piles under cushion cap of grouped piles and stress ratio of pile and soil and so on, and use many computation method and experimentation method to ensure bearing capacity of mixing piles composite foundation.4 To point out and analyze eight sides flaws and problems of the bearing capacity calculation method of mixing pile compositefoundation which ensured by national and normative method/ formula.5 To apply test results of loading tests and a few settlement observation data, use gray theory to predicate ultimate bearing capacity of deep mixing piles, actual example demonstrate engaging between theoretical predicted value and actual value.6 To apply groovy layerwise summation method to discuss entity piles method, double foundation method, equivalent layerwise summation method and consolidation theoretical method and so on, especially by combination of engineering example, use FEM to calculate or discuss the settlement and changing rules of composite foundation.7 To discuss problems of critical length of composite foundation by combination of engineering example and numerical analysis method, and analyze the contrast of critical length between simple pile load and most area load of composite foundation, not only critical length of composite foundation is relative to modulus ratio between piles and soil, but also upside load distribution area of composite foundation.

主要的研究工作与特色为：(1)总结了水泥搅拌桩复合地基的加固原理；(2)在对室内外试验资料进行统计分析的基础上，系统分析了搅拌桩水泥土的主要力学特性及其变化规律；(3)探讨了搅拌单桩的侧摩阻力、端阻力、极限承载力及群桩效率系数、群桩承台下桩间土荷载分担比及桩土应力比等，提出用多种计算方法并结合试验方法来综合确定搅拌桩复合地基的承载力；(4)明确指出和分析了按国家有关规范的方法确定搅拌桩复合地基承载力所存在的八个方面的缺陷与问题；(5)利用过去没有加载至破坏阶段的载荷试验成果和较少的沉降观测数据，尝试了用灰色理论预测深层搅拌桩的极限承载力，实例表明理论预测值与实测值吻合较好；(6)在常规分层总和法的基础上，探讨了复合地基沉降计算的实体墩基法、双层地基法、等效作用分层总和法、固结理论法等，特别是结合工程实例，用有限元数值计算等方法计算和讨论了搅拌桩复合地基的沉降及其变化规律；(7)结合工程实例，用数值分析方法探讨了复合地基临界桩长的问题，指出和分析了单桩荷载下的临界桩长与复合地基大面积荷载下的临界桩长存在很大的差别，复合地基的临界桩长不仅与桩土模量比有关，而且与复合地基上部荷载分布面积有关。

In this paper,the boundary singular kernel method in Reproducing Kernel Paicle Method has been applied to impose the essential boundary conditions in EFGM by revising the MLS shape function.The stress field and the displacement field are analysed by linear elastic theory.The contour integral method is used to calculate the J-integral,then the stress intensity factors of mixed-mode crack is acquired.The correctness and the validity of the method are validated.

本文将再生核质点方法中的边界奇异权方法引入EFGM中，通过对MLS形函数进行修正实现了本质边界条件在节点处的精确施加；运用线弹性断裂理论分析裂纹板的应力应变场，采用围线积分法计算J积分，给出了复合型裂纹板的应力强度因子的无网格伽辽金方法。

The material job and main conclusion are as follows:(1)A simple boundary orthogonalization procedure independence grids generation method is put forward on the base of algebraic grid generation method; Data structure and computational model on interface are established aiming at blocks of structured grids.(2) SIMPLE procedure is established in nonorthogonal grids by use of the finite volume method and in-depth discusses on special topic such as boundary condition in nonorthogonal grids, deferred correction method and grads compute on calculational nodes, and so on.

本文完成的具体工作和主要结论如下： 1以代数网格生成方法为基础提出了一种简单的、可独立于网格生成方法之外的边界正交化技术；针对分区结构网格系统建立了分区交界面处的数据结构与计算模型； 2利用有限体积方法在非正交同位网格系统中建立了SIMPLE求解算法，对非正交网格系统中的边界条件、延迟修正技术及计算节点的梯度计算等专题进行了深入讨论。

The statistical analysis of this large set of mutations has led us to propose a diagnostic strategy that should help with the molecular work-up of optic neuropathies.

这一大系列基因突变的统计学分析引导我们提出一个诊断策略，可以帮助我们对视神经病变进行分子学的诊断检查。

The results show that the pipe grouting changes the mechanical parameters of surrounding rocks to achieve the security of engineering objectives by reinforcing surrounding rocks and bolcking the water.

研究表明：小导管注浆一方面改变了围岩的力学参数，另一方面利用浆液的固结特性可以实现堵水和加固围岩的工程目标，使隧道在开挖过程中的安全得到保障。