查询词典 Rutherford scattering

While α particle scattering could only be simply introduced in general physics course and could not be fully understood, because the Rutherford scattering formula could not be derived without the knowledge of theoretical mechanics.

但因卢瑟福散射公式需利用理论力学的知识方能推导，导致该部分内容在普通物理教学中只能简单介绍而无法深入展开。

Radioactive decay studies have found a kinds of elements can be α or β decay and the decay into another element, while the α-decay product of -α-rays became one of the deep structure of the material means of .1911, the Rutherford and others bombarded atoms with α-rays observed wide-angle deflection to determine the nuclear structure of atoms and nuclei was first proposed the term .1919 year, Rutherford and others have also found that with α-ray bombardment of nitrogen will release the nuclear protons, this is the first time Artificial realization of a nuclear reaction, after the bombardment of nuclei with the radiation caused by nuclear reaction method to become the primary means of research in nuclear.

放射性衰变研究发现了一种元素可以通过α衰变或β衰变而变成另外一种元素，而α衰变的产物——α射线又成了人们探讨物质深层结构的手段。1911年，卢瑟福等人用α射线轰击原子、观察到大角度偏折，从而确定了原子的有核结构，并首次提出原子核这一名词。1919年，卢瑟福等人又发现用α射线轰击氮核会放出质子，这是首次用人工实现的核反应，以后用射线轰击原子核来引起核反应的方法逐渐成为研究原子核的主要手段。

He concludes that the main reason why Rutherford won was that he was not a machine builder. Van de Graaff and Lawrence were brilliant inventors, driven by passionate love for their machines. They were not so much concerned with what their machines could do when they were built. For Rutherford the machine was only a tool. He was not interested in the details of its design and trusted Cockcroft and Walton to get the details right. For him, what mattered was the science.

他认为卢瑟福获胜的主要原因是他不是一个机器建造者，风·格拉芙和劳伦斯是杰出的发明家，对他们发明的机器的爱推动着他们的工作，他们对加速器建好后能做什么并不很关心，而对卢瑟福来说，加速器只是一台工具，他对具体的设计不感兴趣，相信考克饶夫和华尔顿能够把一切具体工作做好，对他来说，重要的是科学研究。

The main characters in Lightman's stories are the theoretical physicists Albert Einstein, Edward Teller, and Richard Feynman, and the observational astronomer Vera Rubin. Not only is Rutherford absent, but almost all experimental scientists are absent too. The only experimenter who makes an appearance on Lightman's stage is Joseph Weber, a brilliant and tragic figure whose experiments turned out to be wrong. The mainstream experimenters who explored the universe of particles and fields, continuing to play Rutherford's game, taking the watch to pieces to see how it works, do not appear at all.

莱特曼故事中的主角是理论物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦、爱德华·泰勒、理查德·费曼以及天文观测家维拉·鲁宾，不单卢瑟福缺席了，几乎所有实验科学家都缺席了，莱特曼书中唯一露面的实验科学家是约瑟夫·韦伯，一位才华横溢但悲剧性的角色，他的试验被证明是错的，沿着卢瑟福把物体拆散来研究这一方向对粒子和场世界进行探索的实验科学家的主流根本没有露面。

Scattering characteristics are studied of inhomogeneous cylinders immersed in an absorbing medium illuminated normally by plane waves. Scattering and extinction cross sections are derived, and the efficient algorithm is presented. Scattering matrix is simulated and discussed.

系统地解决了吸收介质中非均匀柱粒子对垂直入射平面波的散射问题，包括散射场、散射截面、消光截面的解析解，提出了快速、有效的计算方法；数值模拟了均匀、非均匀圆柱的散射矩阵，并与已有文献发表结果对比。

Basing on the Graf′s addition theorem, two expessions, interior and exterior expression, are deduced and the suitable problems for them are discussed. It has been found that the interior expression is the main point for sovling the scattering problem of circular inclusion in half-space. It also has been found that the exterior expression is the key for the scattering problem of circular arc canyon and circular arc alluvial valley, and is one of the main points for scattering problem of circular arc hill as well.

从Graf原有加法公式出发，本文给出了其内域型和外域型两种表达形式并讨论了这两种表达的适用范围，同时指出：内域型表达是求解半空间内含夹塞区出平面散射问题的要点，而外域型表达是解决任意圆弧型凹陷地形和任意圆弧型沉积盆地出平面散射问题中求解难点的关键，同时也是克服任意圆弧型凸起地形出平面散射问题求解困难的要点之一。

The Airy function is used to calculate the plasma impedance and the grill-plasma scattering matrix is deduced, then the coupling properties of the HT-7 LHCD MJ launcher are studied with the antenna scattering matrix and the grill-plasma scattering matrix based on the liner coupling theory. The average power reflection coefficient, directivity, power spectrum are obtained for different edge plasma densities and for different phasings between main waveguides.

采用线型耦合理论，用艾黎函数计算了等离子体阻抗，推导出常规波导阵对等离子体的散射矩阵，并利用它和天线自身的散射矩阵研究了HT-7装置低杂波多结波导阵天线的耦合特性；计算了其平均功率反射系数、方向性系数和功率谱与等离子体边缘密度和主波导相位差等参数的关系。

The angular distribution of the bistaticscattering coefficient of HH polarization were obtained by numerical implementation. Influences of the permittivity and the mean layer thickness of intermediate medium, friction velocity and the frequency of the incident wave on the bistatic scattering coefficient were discussed. The basic characteristics, the zonal characteristics and the characteristics with varying of frequency of the scattering coefficient from stratified sea surface were obtained. The numerical results show that the scattering coefficient has approximate "quantization" characteristics.

通过数值计算得到了HH 极化双站散射系数随散射角的变化曲线，讨论了中间介质介电常数和厚度、摩擦风速和入射波频率对双站散射系数的影响，得到改进的一维分形分层海面散射系数的基本特征、分区特征和随频率变化的特征，结果表明散射系数近似具有"量子化"特征。

In this paper, firstly we researched the relationships of the communicating distanceand the channel characteristic, the effect of the multiple scattering to the laserpropagation, the requirement of the laser communication to the ATP system and theway to determine the angular dispersion and receive field of view. It is proved that inlight haze weather, letting the input and output laser\'s wavelength are diferrent witheach other, after passing by the filter, it can avoid backward scattering effectually andfor the communication within 15km, the influence of the multiple scattering inatmosphere can be ignored.

论文对通信距离与信道特性、多次散射对光传输的影响、无线激光通信对ATP带宽的需求以及光束发散角和接收视场角等重要系统性能参数和指标进行了分析和研究，证明了在轻霾天气状态下，使系统中两终端发送的激光束波长各不相同，经过光束滤波，可以有效地消除后向散射干扰；在15km的通信距离范围内，大气中的多次散射对无线激光通信光传输的影响可以忽略。

These methods are validated using simulation data, data measured in microwave anechoic chamber and practice measured PolSAR complex imaging data. Unlike the traditional method, these methods can estimate coherent scattering matrices of scattering centers accurately by overleaping the step of scattering center association.

利用仿真数据、暗室测量数据和实测PolSAR复图像数据，验证了这两种方法的有效性，其突出优点是不需要进行散射中心位置及极化的关联，并可以实现相干极化散射矩阵元素的同时估计。

Panorama Many people are dancing in a large sitting room.

在一个大客厅里，许多人在跳舞。

We fully understand how a microwave oven cooks food, it is first necessary to talk ...

我们充分理解一个微波炉煮的食物，这是首先要谈。。。