骨

Results:(1) CBC possesses a natural trabecular structure. Its components is similar to the mineral of bone.(2) CBC has great cellur biocompatibility. It can promote cell adhesion, proliferation and secretory while needn t modification.(3) In nude mice, the ectopic osteogenesis of MCCAB was obvious which was better than that of CBC alone and the new bone formation increased in pace with time. In the MCCAB, both intramembranous and cartilaginous osteogeneses were seen but the former dominated.(4) When MCCAB was autotransplanted intramuscularly, the osteogenesis was much better than that of negative control groups.(5) The MCCAB can repair autogenous calvaria defects effectively and the effect was much better than that of CBM alone and blank group. Conclusion:(1) CBC possesses good biocompatibility, osteoconduction and porous structure, can be used as scaffold material for constructing of tissue engineering bone.

结果：(1)CBC具有天然的多孔网状结构，最大程度地保持了骨矿的微结构特征，可以作为骨组织工程的支架材料；(2)CBC细胞亲和性好，不需作修饰即能促进成骨细胞的粘附、增殖和分泌活动；(3)MSO/CBC复合人工骨在裸鼠皮下异位成骨作用明显，兼有膜内成骨和软骨内成骨的特点，成骨效果明显优于单纯CBC植入组；(4)MSO/CBC复合人工骨兔自体肌袋异位成骨作用明显，血管化充分，成骨效果明显优于单纯CBC植入组；(5)MSO/CBC复合人工骨修复兔颅骨临界性缺损效果好，明显优于单纯植入CBC组和空白对第四旱区大学硕士学位论文一照组，可以作为骨移植替代材料用于骨缺损畸形修复。

ResultsThe organization structure of experimental group was disorganized, cracked,and the bone trabecula was rarefactive and non-intact . There were a great number of empty lacune in bone trabecula.

结果实验组组织结构紊乱，破碎，骨小梁稀疏、不完整，有大量的空骨陷窝，而对照组骨小梁相对较完整、排列整齐，骨小梁中的骨细胞清晰可见，偶见空骨陷窝。

BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenic protein 2 is one of the most important growth factors in the healing of bone fracture. The main function is to promote the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and bone cells to recruitment and differentiate. It is the promoter of bone formation. The BMP-2 gene is an ideal gene that can be used to repair the bone.

背景：骨形成蛋白2是骨基质中最重要骨生长因子，主要生物学作用是促进未分化的间充质细胞和骨系细胞的募集和分化，是骨生成的启动因子，可以作为骨修复基因治疗的理想目的基因。

Of D. spongiosa, together with another 10 ext showed the stronger stimulatory activity on osteoblast, were screened further on its inhibitory activity on formation of osteoclast multinuclear cell.

进一步的体内实验表明，90％乙醇部位可显著提高OVX大鼠胫骨近端全骨、松质骨的骨矿含量和骨密度、皮质骨的骨矿含量和厚度，改善骨强度。

New Zealand white rabbits (3-4 months old, 3-4 kg weight) were the test animals, and they were divided into three groups proceeding in this study. In group A:One PLLA screw and one commercial screw were implanted in the right tibia. Two PLLA screws were implanted in the left. Furthermore, one PLLA bar was implanted in both right and left tibia respectively with onlay model in group B. Also,one PLLA plate was implanted in the left tibia and one commercial plate in the right respectively with onlay model in group C . Many tests were done on each sample in 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks which included the observation of tissue response in group A, and the change of three-points bending, weight loss, molecular weight, crystallinity and morphology of fracture surface by scanning electronic microscopyin group B, and the change of three-points bending, weight loss and molecular weight in group C.

所使用实验动物为24只3-4个月大，体重3-4公斤的纽西兰兔，并将所使用材料及动物分为A、B、C三组进行。A组中於实验兔之右胫骨植入两支骨钉，一支为自制骨钉，一支为MacroPore市售骨钉，并钻一孔但不植入骨钉做为控制组；另於实验兔之左胫骨植入两支自制骨钉，另标示一区不钻孔不植入骨钉做为控制组。B组采用onlay1 模式於实验兔之左右胫骨各植入一自制长型片。C组也采用onlay模式於实验兔之左胫骨植入一自制骨板，於右胫骨植入一市售骨板，各於不同时间点( 1， 4及12周)将A及C组，而於( 1，4，8及12周)将B组内的植入物取出进行各种测试，包括A组的组织切片观察及B组的三点弯曲变化、质量损失、分子量变化、结晶度变化及扫描式电子显微镜观察断面型态改变及C组的三点弯曲变化、质量损失、分子量变化。

Cases of parosteal osteosarcoma on tibia showed bony tumor, which basilar part accreted surface of bone on X-ray, and vicinity cortical bone hyperplasia and harden, soft tissue mass with focal or cauliflower-like high density tumor bone in it. A lucent zone between the cortex and tumor bone was noticed in 1 case.

发生在胫骨的3例病例中X线表现为基底部附着于骨表面的骨性肿块，邻近骨皮质增生硬化，软组织内可见团状和菜花状不规则高密度瘤骨，其中1例与骨皮质关系密切病例可见到骨皮质与肿瘤骨之间有一透亮带。

［Objective］To compare the clinical results of different bone graft in the posterior route spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.［Method］A retrospective study was made in 71 case of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,who were operated on with posterior instrumentation of screw-rod fixation system from 2000 to 2005.All of the patients were divided into three groups,autologous bone graft in 21 cases,allogous bone graft in 23 cases, autologous bone mixed allogous bone graft in 27 cases. The fusion rate, the Cobb's angle loss rate of incidence and pseudoarthrosis were compared among the three groups at 3,9,15,36 months follow-up.

［目的］通过不同植骨在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸后路矫形植骨融合术中的应用比较，探讨其临床应用效果［方法］回顾性分析2000年～2005年行后路钉-棒系统矫形手术的71例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者，其中自体骨移植21例，同异体骨移植23例，自体骨混合同种异体骨移植27例，比较随访第3、9、15、36 月的融合率、Cobb's角丢失率及假关节发生率。

For normal adult male rat,calcitonin depresses the osteoclastic resorption obviously through reducing the number of active resorptive surface and depressing osteoclastic activity;on the other hand,calcitonin depresses the osteoid producing activity of osteoblasts by indirectly affecting the coupling process between resorption and formation.Calcitonin administered in short did not affect the bone volume.

降钙素对正常成年雄性大鼠松质骨而言，可以明显抑制破骨吸收，这种作用可能是通过减少活性吸收表面数量和降低破骨细胞的吸收功能来完成的；可以抑制成骨细胞形成类骨质的活性，这种作用可能不是直接的，而是通过降钙素对骨吸收的抑制作用进而影响了骨吸收与骨形成的之间的偶联而完成的；短期应用降钙素骨量无变化。

Methods From March 1994 to December 2002, on the basis of the ordinary operative method, Pemberton method was improved for 48 cases of DDH 49 articulatio coxae which had superficial and small acetabula but big heads of femur. Osteotomy points were moved higher to enlarge area of bone flap turned over. A piece of full thickness ilium including periosteum was removed as a free bony graft. Capsula articularis growing thicker was made into 2 layers, of which the inner layer was used to tighten articularis and the outer layer was used to stabilize bone flap.

1994年3月～2002年12月，对DDH髋臼浅而小、股骨头大的48例49个髋关节，在通常术式的基础上，对Pemberton截骨术式进行改良，将截骨点上移，扩大翻转骨瓣面积；取髂骨全层骨板连带附着的骨膜植骨；增厚的关节囊制成两层，内层紧缩关节，外层稳定骨瓣。

With dissecting microscope,weobserved 588 ossicles(200 mallei,224 incudis 164 stapes)from 120 full term foe-tuses without congenital defect except one case of anencephaly.We found that theauditory ossicles vary greatly ...

在240只耳中，发现5例(2.1%)听小骨先天性畸形：先天性镫骨底固定(1例)、环状镫骨与镫骨底分离(1例)、小柱状镫骨(2例)、镫骨与砧骨长脚和锤骨柄间借类骨组织连结(1例)。

Do not gum up the work by telling mother what we are going to do .

别告诉母亲我们要干的事，那会把事情搞糟的。

In recent years, application of the partial prestressed concrete beam s is developed.

近年来，随着部分预应力砼梁应用的推广，发现我国规范所采用的名义拉应力法的计算结果不稳定。