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Secondly, three kinds of mathematics model of optical vortex beams were introduced here. Then the propagation dynamics of optical vortex beams through the non-axis symmetry system is studied, this chapter includes the introduction of the symmetry vortex beam and the non- symmetry vortex beam, the deduction of the Collins diffract integral formula for the non-axis symmetry system, and the transformation of the vortex beam passing through the non-axis symmetry system has been described by using the numerical simulation. Then the general calculation for the orbit momentum of vortex beams, the matrix form for the orbit momentum of vortex beams, and the photon method to describe the orbit momentum of vortex beams are also introduced here. Finally, the interference about optical vortex beams was studied.

本文对涡旋光束进行了较为全面的介绍和研究，主要内容包括：（1）光学涡旋光束的基本理论，主要是介绍了单个光学涡旋光束在柱坐标中的一些表征，涡旋光束的奇异相位和光学涡旋的相位结构；（2）光学涡旋光束的三种数学模型；（3）光学涡旋光束在非轴对称光学系统中的传播动力学，其中介绍了对称涡旋光束与非对称涡旋光束，推导了非轴对称光学系统的 Collins 衍射积分公式，并利用计算机模拟图描述了对称涡旋光束经过非轴对称光学系统后涡旋形态的改变；（4）涡旋光束轨道角动量的一般计算，涡旋光束轨道角动量的矩阵形式，光子法描述涡旋的轨道角动量；（5）涡旋光束的干涉。

He existence and stability of the nontrivial and nonnegative steady-state solution of an ecological predator-prey system with the reaction-diffusion term are discussed.

应用渐近展开的方法构造生物学里提出的一类具有反应扩散项的捕食者─食饵系统的非平凡非负定态解，并应用固有值的解析摄动理论对所获得的非平凡非负定态解进行了稳定性分析。

The expressions of DNA-PKcs and Id2 in SP cells were strikingly stronger than those in non-SP cells, The localization of DNA-PKcs in SP cells was in whole nucleus but that of the protein in non-SP cells was only in nuclear membrane and nucleoplasm nearby.

SP细胞DNA-PKcs表达的阳性强度明显高于非SP细胞；SP细胞Id2表达的阳性强度明显高于非SP细胞；SP细胞的p16表达的阳性强度明显低于非SP细胞；SP细胞FHIT的表达为阴性或微弱阳性；SP细胞NFκB/p65表达的阳性强度明显低于非SP细胞。

Topics covered include: density estimation (incorporating such topics as kernel density estimates, nearest neighbor estimates, variable kernel methods, orthogonal series estimates, maximum penalized likelihood estimates, bandwidth choice), nonparametric regression (incorporating kernel methods, spline methods, penalized likelihood, bandwidth choice, generalized additive models), and bootstrapping.

非参数建模专题：非参数建模专题：基于计算机的非参数统计方法论。包括：密度估计(如：核密度估计，最近邻估计，可变核方法，正交序列估计，最大补偿似然估计法，带宽选择)非参数回归(如：，核方法，样条方法，补偿似然估计，带宽选择，广义可加模型，)和 bootstrapping 方法。

HCV is now know to be the major cause of parenterally transmittednon-A,non-B hepatitis.until the virus was characterized,diagnosis was made by exclusion of all other known case of hepatitis.

丙型肝炎病毒是目前所知为主要原因肠胃传染非甲非乙型肝炎，直到病毒的特点是，诊断作了排斥所有其他已知的情况下，肝炎抗体，丙型肝炎病毒被发现，在过去八成患者记载翔实非甲非乙型肝炎肝炎世界广泛流行的丙型肝炎病毒是0.2 %，献血达80 %和静脉其它途径如共用针头职业接触血液和血液透析，但在接近半数的丙型肝炎病毒感染的传播途径则不详。

An analysis of living example was carried out by the use of C language programming and obtained the tangential polar coordinates equation of the optimal pitch curve of noncircular chain wheel.

探讨了非圆链轮传动中，基于理论松弛量的非圆链轮节曲线的优选，建立了在最小理论松弛量时，非圆链轮节曲线优选的数学模型，并利用C语言编程进行了实例分析，得出了最优非圆链轮节曲线的切线极坐标方程。

Based on the former drag reduction experiments of the bionic nonsmooth body of revolution models in the lowspeed wind tunnel, the simulation wind tunnel tests at the wind speed of 44 m/s were performed for the body of revolution models with the tail rectangularly disposed by three different nonsmooth structures, such as the convex dome form with the diameter/height of 1.0/0.5 mm, the dimple concave form with the diameter/depth of 1.0/0.5 mm, and the riblet form with the width/height of 1.0/0.5 mm, in contrast with the body of revolution model with smooth surface.

在前期进行的仿生非光滑旋成体模型低速风洞试验的基础上，将非光滑形态在旋成体模型上的排列方式固定为矩形布置，非光滑的尺寸固定为直径或宽度为1 mm，深度或高度为0.5 mm，在风速为44 m/s时，对布置在模型尾部的凸包形、凹坑形和棱纹形三种非光滑模型与表面光滑模型进行了对比模拟试验。

In order to evaluate the roles played by telomerase activity and apoptosis gene in malignant transformation of mammary atypical ductal hyperplasia, as well as the ultrastructure characteristic and regular pattern in the transformation, we investigated the expression of telom- erase genes and apoptosis related genes (p53 and bcl-2) and ultrastructure characteristic in precancerous lesion-mammary atypical ductal hy- perplasia, and compared with breast carcinoma and benign hyperplasia.

本文研究端粒酶基因、凋亡相关基因（p53、bcl-2）在乳腺癌前病变-乳腺导管非典型增生中的表达情况，探讨乳腺导管非典型增生上皮的超微结构特征，并与乳腺癌、乳腺导管单纯性增生进行对比，旨在研究端粒酶活性变化及凋亡相关基因在乳腺导管非典型增生上皮细胞癌变过程中的作用及意义，并研究乳腺导管非典型增生上皮细胞恶性转化过程中的形态结构特点及变化规律。

Retrace error of nonnull aspheric testing is analyzed in detail with conclusions that retrace error has much to do with the aperture, relative aperture and surface shape error of the apsheric under test.

分析了非球面非零位检测系统中的回程误差问题，得出了回程误差与被测非球面口径、相对口径以及非球面本身面形误差均紧密相关的结论。

In the first part, we discuss the properties of solutions of (0.1) system with dif-ferent diffusion coefficient and the second boundary condition. The stability of non-negative constant solutions is given, some prior-estimate of the positive steaystateare proved by using the maximum principle and lower-upper solutions, the non-existence of non-constant positive solution, the global exitence of non-constant pos-itive solution and bifurcation solution of non-constant positive steady-states areobtained.

第一章讨论了系统(0.1)在扩散系数不相同的情况下非负常数解的稳定性，运用极值原理，上下解方法确定了系统(0.1)正平衡态解的一些先验估计，然后讨论了非常数解的不存在性，非常数正平衡态解的全局存在性及非常数正平衡态的分歧解。

I am sure after a few weeks of adaptation and familiarization I will have no difficulty in functioning on a daily basis in an English speaking society or in participating fully in graduate studies.

在大学的三年的学习生活不仅给予我自身的充实，更重要的是磨练和培养了我较强的自觉能力和严谨，踏实的作风以及不怕困难的精神，对未来充满了信心！

As the first volcanoes erupted, one of the gases that bellowed out was steam.

在第一批火山喷发时，喷出的气体之一就是水蒸汽。