锁骨的

Methods 23cases of the distal clavicle fractures(ⅱtype in neer classification system) were treated by fixation technique between coracoid and clavicle. after reduced the fractures, one method was using the ethibond 5 suture line to bundle and fix the coracoid and clavicle, the other was using the anchor to fix between coracoid and clavicle.

对neer分型ⅱ型的23例锁骨远端骨折采用喙锁间固定技术进行手术治疗，即骨折复位后，使用ethibond 5号线绕过喙突将锁骨捆扎固定；使用anchor将喙突与锁骨进行固定。

Dependent on the location of the subclavian vein in relation to the clavicle.

依靠锁骨与锁骨下静脉之间的相互关系。那锁骨与锁骨下静脉之间的有什么相互关系呢？

Methods: 37 patients with distal clavicle fracture were treated with three different methods, 1 fixation by AO plate (20 cases), and 2 reconstructed coracoclavicular ligament by using Ethibond 5# suture (8 cases), 3 reconstructed coracoclavicular ligament by using suture anchor (9cases a).

对37例锁骨远端骨折患者分别采用锁骨钩钢板固定；切开复位并用ETHIBOND 5#线穿过喙突固定于锁骨骨折近端以重建喙锁韧带；切开复位后在喙突上置入2枚缝合锚，锚尾端的缝线固定于锁骨骨折近端以重建喙锁韧带三种不同手术方法进行治疗。

Methods: Dissections of the infraclavicular region were performed in seven fresh cadavers and linear measurements made to determine the extent of overlap between the vein and the clavicle in different shoulder positions.

现在对7例刚死亡的患者进行解剖锁骨下区域以深入了解在不同肩位时锁骨和锁骨下静脉的立体关系

The infraclavicular and the AXIS approach can be substitutes for the supraclavicular approach. Considering the relative high incidence of pneumothorax, the infraclavicular approach should be paid more attention.

考虑到锁骨上入路臂丛阻滞的气胸发生率较高的缺点，锁骨下入路和AXIS入路可以作为锁骨上入路的一种替代方法，其中锁骨下入路尤应受到足够的重视。

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of a new supraclavicular approach for percutaneous subclavicular vein catheterization in children and infants.

目的探讨锁骨上锁骨中点内侧为进针点新进路行经皮锁骨下静脉置管用于小儿的可行性与技术特点。

To systematicallyinvestigate this landmark, we conducted a study in four phases:1 Two blindfolded examiners determined the distance betweenthe tuberosity's medial border and the clavicle's lateral endin 100 dried clavicles and then 2 performed subclavian veincannulation in 20 fresh human cadavers using the tuberosityand the suprasternal notch as landmarks. 3 Three-dimensionalreconstructions of the subclavian artery and vein and surroundingstructures were derived from computed tomography datasets of10 patients. The length of the path of a virtual subclavianvein cannulation with the deltoid tuberosity landmark was measuredbilaterally. 4 In a prospective, randomized trial, subclavianvein cannulation was performed in 60 patients with a standardapproach or with the deltoid tuberosity as landmark.

为系统地研究这个解剖标志，作者将本研究分为四个阶段：1 双盲检查100个干燥的锁骨测量其三角肌粗隆内侧缘至锁骨侧面末端的距离；2 在20具新鲜的尸体上以三角肌粗隆和胸骨上切迹为标志进行锁骨下静脉穿刺；3 利用 CT 所获取的数据资料对10个病人的锁骨下动脉和静脉以及周围结构进行三维重建，测量两侧以三角肌粗隆为标志的虚拟锁骨下静脉置管路径的长度；4 选择60例病人以标准路径或三角肌粗隆为标志进行锁骨下静脉穿刺的前瞻性随机试验研究。

To systematicallyinvestigate this landmark, we conducted a study in four phases:1 Two blindfolded examiners determined the distance betweenthe tuberosity's medial border and the clavicle's lateral endin 100 dried clavicles and then 2 performed subclavian veincannulation in 20 fresh human cadavers using the tuberosityand the suprasternal notch as landmarks. 3 Three-dimensionalreconstructions of the subclavian artery and vein and surroundingstructures were derived from computed tomography datasets of10 patients. The length of the path of a virtual subclavianvein cannulation with the deltoid tuberosity landmark was measuredbilaterally. 4 In a prospective, randomized trial, subclavianvein cannulation was performed in 60 patients with a standardapproach or with the deltoid tuberosity as landmark.

为系统地研究这个解剖标志，作者将本研究分为四个阶段：1 双盲检查100个乾燥的锁骨测量其三角肌粗隆内侧缘至锁骨侧面末端的距离；2 在20具新鲜的尸体上以三角肌粗隆和胸骨上切迹为标志进行锁骨下静脉穿刺；3 利用 CT 所获取的资料资料对10个病人的锁骨下动脉和静脉以及周围结构进行三维重建，测量两侧以三角肌粗隆为标志的虚拟锁骨下静脉置管路径的长度；4 选择60例病人以标准路径或三角肌粗隆为标志进行锁骨下静脉穿刺的前瞻性随机试验研究。

Methods With surgery method treatment collar bone bone fracture 160 examples, in Cleveland needle steel wire fixed 134 examples, reconstructs the steel plate or in the collar bone steel plate the fixed 11 examples, the bolt after the collar bone and the processus coracoideus fixed 12 examples, in the collar bone hook steel plate the fixed 3 examples, after the technique, makes a follow-up visit the review analysis four in fixed methods the adaptation card, the bone fracture cicatrization time and the complication formation rate.

用手术方法治疗锁骨骨折160例，其中克氏针钢丝内固定134例，重建钢板或锁骨钢板内固定11例，螺钉经锁骨与喙突固定12例，锁骨钩钢板内固定3例，术后随访回顾性分析四种内固定方法的适应证、骨折愈合时间及并发症的发生率。

Basing on the setup of animal model of root avulsion of the brachial plexus, we divided the experimental animal into four groups by the operative method: Group A: one end of the maternal nerve graft was connected with the upper trunk of the healthy side by end-to-side neurorrhaphy, and the other end was sutured to the distal stump of musculocutaneous nerve infraclevicularly by end-to-end neurorrhaphy. Goup B: on the healthy side, the operation was the same, the other end was sutured to the distal end of C〓 by end-to-end neurorrhaphy on the affected side. Group C: the maternal nerve graft bridged the phrenic nerve and infraclevicular musculocutaneous nerve of the affected side by end-to-end neurorrhaphy. Group D: the phrenic nerve was sutured to the distal end of C〓 supraclevicularly by end-to-end neurorrhaphy.

在构建了模拟小儿臂丛神经根性撕脱伤的动物模型基础上，将实验动物按手术方式分组如下，A组：母鼠提供的的神经移植体一端与子鼠健侧臂丛上干行端侧吻合，另一端与患侧已切断的锁骨下肌皮神经远端行端端吻合。B组：母鼠提供的的神经移植体一端与子鼠健侧臂丛上干行端侧吻合，另一端与患侧已切断的锁骨上颈〓远端行端端吻合。C组：母鼠提供的的神经移植体桥接于子鼠患侧膈神经与锁骨下肌皮神经之间。D组：子鼠患侧膈神经直接与锁骨上颈〓远端行端端吻合。

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。