还原时间

It is demonstrated that the chiral quaternary ammonium salts catalysts exhibit promising catalytic properties for the substrate. Part III: The synthesis and the characterizing of the macroporous aminomethyl resin-supported cinchona alkaloid complexes and the study on its catalytic properties The part consists of two subsections. the macroporous aminomethyl resin -supported cinchona alkaloid complexes were synthesized by the stuff (cinchonine, quinine and macroporous aminomethyl resin). Their structures were characterized by means of elemental analysis, XPS, TG/DTA; the chiral polymer-supported complexes were first used as catalysts for the reduction of ketones. Their catalytic properties for the reduction processes were investigated. The comparison of the products e.e., the conversion of the substrate among different reduction processes was employed with determined by HPLC. The effects of the time, the temperature, the ratio of catalyst to substrate, reaction solvent as well as the recycle times were also discussed.

第三章聚-4-氨甲基苯乙烯负载金鸡纳碱金属络合物的合成与表征及其不对称催化性能研究本章分为两节，以辛可宁和奎宁及聚-4-氨甲基苯乙烯为原料，合成了4种聚-4-氨甲基苯乙烯负载金鸡纳碱络合物催化剂，并对它们的结构用元素分析、X-射线光电子能谱、TG/DTA等几种测试手段进行了表征；首次将所合成的手性高分子负载的金属络合物用于催化芳香酮不对称还原反应，详细研究了所得的手性高分子负载的金属络合物对不同底物的催化性能，用HPLC等分析手段定量检测了还原过程的底物转化率及其产物对映异构体选择性，并考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂和底物投料比、反应溶剂和循环次数对催化性能的影响。

The results showed that nitrogen oxide was strongly deoxidized to nitrogen by iron; Petroleum coke char and CO could promote the heterogeneous reaction of Fe and NO, deoxidize iron oxides, and prolong the active time of iron; while limestone had little effect on the heterogeneous reaction.

结果表明：Fe对NO有很强的还原作用；石油焦焦炭和CO对Fe与NO之间的多相反应具有很强的促进作用，可还原Fe的氧化物，延长Fe的作用时间；而石灰石对Fe与NO之间的多相反应几乎没有作用。

But how will the computer + the human brain in this intelligent combination of dual-core functions, when the computer system failures as a result of the virus and slow down or even crash, most people can only wait anxiously for the experts, or home computer to be painstakingly maintenance stations for maintenance, because the traditional way to deal with this problem again when the need to use the CD-ROM system (often because the driver would also like to find lost disk driver), a number of computers equipped with the "one-click restore" feature or the current popular technologies only GHOST users can restore your computer to your computer at all times or do the factory GHOST time, and after they were unable to retrieve data, and in the time to do the reduction is due to the use of conventional disk copy, the whole is a long time.

但如何将电脑+人脑这智能的双核功能结合在一起，当计算机由于系统故障、感染病毒而变慢甚至死机时，大多数人只能焦急地等待专家上门或费尽周折将电脑送到维修站进行维修，由于传统方式处理这种问题时需要使用光盘重做系统（常常会因为驱动盘丢失还要找驱动程序），许多电脑配备的"一键还原"功能或目前流行的GHOST技术仅仅可以将用户电脑还原到电脑出厂时刻或做GHOST时刻状态，之后的数据它们是无法找回的，而且在做这些还原的时候由于采用的是常规的磁盘拷贝技术，整个时间也是比较长的。

Preparation of the cathode includes:shaping under the press of 40Mpa, sintering at 550℃for 1 hour and at 900℃for 8 hours and threading with molybdenum bar; Considering the literatures we choose CaCl2 as salt for preparation titanium. Pretreatment of salt is for 1 hour at 100℃and for 2 hours at 300℃. Partial pressure of oxygen which need lower than 5.11×10-7Pa to reduct titanium oxides and hygroscopic property of salt need a sealed equipment to electrolyse. And finally successfully designed a satisfied one and the results show that the equipment can be satisfied the requirment of the experiment. Flow of the inert gas is 1.5L/min, the voltage is 2.8 V, temperature is 850℃and time is 2 hours during pre-electrolysis. Flow of the inert gas is 0.2L/min, the voltage is 3.1 V, temperature is 900℃and time changes with the mass of TiO2 during electrolysis, namely the greater need the longer time; To eliminate influence of salt and other impurities, the products need to wash with distilled water and dilute chlorhydric acid , then wash with dilute hydrochloric acid under supersonic wave assistant. Finally, electrometical properties of the electrolysis of TiO2 is researched by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, and results show that there are two main reodox steps, namely from TiO2 to TiO and from TiO to Ti.

阴极制备主要包括40MPa压力下模压成型、两段式烧结(1小时内升至550℃保温1小时，再1小时升温至900℃保温8小时)及烧结后TiO2块打孔用钼棒串接三个主要环节；实验中选用CaCl2作为电解熔盐，并对其进行预处理(100℃，保温1小时； 300℃，保温2小时)；经热力学计算，还原钛氧化物的氧分压至少要低于5.11×10-7Pa，结合电解过程中所用熔盐CaCl2有极强的吸水性的特点，电解装置应有较高的密封性，自行设计了一套密封性可靠的电解装置，便于实验过程中熔盐预处理和氧分压的控制；通过干燥处理预电解过程中Ar流量大约为1.5L/min、电压为2.8 V、温度为850℃、时间为2小时，电解过程中Ar流量大约为0.2L/min、电压为3.1V、温度为900℃，实验结果表明电解时间与TiO2质量密切相关，质量越大需要电解的时间越长；通过自来水冲洗—稀盐酸浸泡、洗涤—在超声波辅助作用下稀盐酸洗涤，可减少熔盐及其它杂质对电解产物检测结果的影响；最后，通过循环伏安法、计时电流法对电解机理的研究，确定电解还原TiO2制备金属钛主要经历了TiO2-TiO-Ti的过程。

The effect of roasting temperature, roasting time and the reducer dosage on the leaching ratio has been studied. The best process condition is cinder/ lignite is 1/0.8, the roasting temperature is 800, the roasting time is 20min. The second is vitriol lixiviate.

本工艺分四个阶段进行：首先是硫铁矿烧渣的还原焙烧，探讨了焙烧温度、焙烧时间和还原剂用量对铁的还原浸出率的影响，得到的最佳工艺条件为烧渣：褐煤=1：0.8，焙烧温度800℃，焙烧时间20min。

Based on the results of thermodynamic analysis,iron ore was deoxidized by converter gas in different conditions with the temperature from 550℃to 700℃.

根据热力学分析结果，在550-700℃范围内选择相应条件进行转妒煤气还原铁矿石的实验，研究温度及时间对碳化铁生成率的影响，并论述二者对于还原、析碳的影响，探索利用转炉煤气还原铁矿石生产碳化铁的可行性。

In range of 300℃～900℃, all the transition metal oxide catalysts could get high ammonia conversion, during the initial stages of the reaction, the SO〓 conversion is relatively low since the catalysts have not been sulfureted, but it increases gradually and attain constant with rising temperature and time continuance,〓 is better than other catalysts in reactivity and elemental sulfur selectivity; XRD indicates that, in the SO〓-SCR process, stable transition metal sulfide is generated which is very important to SO〓 reduction and transition metal sulfide probably is the active phase of catalyst, further the reduction of SO〓 by H〓 to H〓S is the limiting step of all process, then the activity is somewhat related to its lattice oxygen yet not so notable; XPS indicates that little sulfur on surface exists as S〓 in sulfate, showing that TiO〓 could restrain the generation of sulfate.

对于过渡金属氧化物催化剂的研究发现，在300℃～900℃范围内，不同的催化剂均可获得很高的NH〓转化率，反应初期由于催化剂还未硫化，所以SO〓的转化率较低，随着温度升高和反应时间的延续，SO〓的转化率逐渐升高并达到了稳定值；七种过渡金属氧化物中，以〓对于NH〓还原SO〓反应的活性和选择性最好；XRD结果表明在NH〓-SO〓反应后生成了稳定的硫化物相，硫化物对SO〓的还原过程具有重要作用，催化剂的活性相可能是过渡金属硫化物，而且在硫化物催化剂上进行的H〓还原SO〓生成H〓S的反应是整个过程的速率控制步骤，所以催化剂的活性与其自身的晶格氧的氧化还原能力有一定的联系，但关系不明显；XPS结果表明催化剂表面的硫大部分以过渡金属硫化物的形式存在，只生成少量的S〓，说明TiO〓催化剂能够较好的抑制硫酸盐的生成。

The traditional technology of iron carbide production exists the problem that the reaction time is too long. The research of adding the additive into the ore of the fluid-bed was carried out in order to find the catalyst of this reaction. It was found out that K2CO3 and CaCl2 can be the catalysts of this reaction. The reacting time and equilibrium data in addition of K2CO3 and CaCl2 were examined and were campared with the contrastive experimental results respectively. The theoretical dynamics analysis also reveals that both K2CO3 and CaCl2 can accelerate the iron carbide forming reaction.

摘 要：传统的碳化铁生产工艺存在反应时间较长的难题，为此通过在流化床入炉矿石中配加部分添加剂的还原实验研究，以寻求该反应可能的催化剂，缩短反应时间，提高碳化铁生产效率和经济效益采用CaCl2和K2CO3作为反应的催化剂，利用反应所测数据，与对比实验相比较，并结合动力学分析，得出CaCl2和K2CO3可以加速碳化铁还原反应进行的结论。

Using the mixture of acetic acid and cyclohexane as solvent, the effects of factors such as amount of solvent, ozonolysis temperature, ozonolysis time, amount of reductant and reduction decomposition time on reaction results were examined.

考察了溶剂、臭氧化时间、还原剂用量、还原分解时间和还原温度对反应结果的影响，初步探讨了臭氧化反应级数。

The reaction order was also studied. The obtained optimum conditions were m: m=1:4, ozonolysis time 100 min n (NaHSO3)/n=1.1, reduction decomposition time 60 min, reduction temperature 80℃.

优化的工艺条件为，m： m=1：4，臭氧化时间为100min，n(NaHSO3)/n=1.1，还原分解时间60min，还原温度80℃。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。