跃

In this paper, the jump transition characteristic of sunspot cycle length from 522BC upward were analyzed.

讨论了2500多年来太阳黑子周期长度的跃变特征，发现在百年尺度上SCL基本在平均值附近变化，而其变率则存在明显的跃变现象，当SCL的变率增大时，气候随之发生冷跃变，反之，则发生暖跃变。

Research on Coal-forming Environment and Sequence Stratigraphy in Coal Measures Strata;2. The results show:1, there were the differences between the characteristics of the coalification between the Taiyuan Formation vitrain and the Shanxi Formation vitrain which were formed in differencial coal-forming environment s, and the differ.

结果表明：在高煤级煤早期阶段，形成于不同成煤环境的太原组煤与山西组煤的煤化特征仍有差异，在第三次煤化作用跃变之后这种差异逐渐缩小消失；高煤级煤分别以第三次和第四次煤化作用跃变为界，呈现出阶段性演化的特征，每阶段的演化机理有所不同；第三次煤化作用跃变中大分子结构的演化以芳构化作用主为，第四次煤化作用跃变则以强烈的环缩合作用占优势。

Applying the Large-scale multi-configuration Dirac-Fock wave functions, we calculated the parameters such as wavelength, oscillator strengths and excited energy for the transitions related to lightning spectra. The most important effects of relativity, correlation, and relaxation are included in the computational model. Comparison of the calculated results with experimental spectra shows that the spectra in plateau area have a distinctive characteristic. Beside the lines of lower excited state with n=3 in NII ions, transitions of NI and OI are increased, their excited energy is around 13~14eV, and there are rarely lines from OII ion.

将原子结构的理论应用於闪电光谱的研究，用多组态Dirac-Fock方法，计算了有关光谱线的波长、振子强度以及相应的激发态能量等参数，理论与试验观测资料进行比较分析后发现，高原地区闪电首次回击光谱的结构及跃迁特性与其他地区有明显的区别，除NII离子n=3的低激发态产生的跃迁谱线外，激发能量为13~14eV左右的中性NI和OI的跃迁增多，但很难观测到OII离子的跃迁谱线。

A pplying the Largescale multiconfiguration DiracFock wave functions, we cal culated the paramete rs such as wavelength, oscillator strengths and excited energy for the transitio ns related to lightning spectra. The most important effects of relativity, corre lation, and relaxation are included in the computational model. Comparison of th e calculated results with experimental spectra shows that the spectra in plateau area have a distinctive characteristic. Beside the lines of lower excited state with n=3 in NII ions, transitions of NI and OI are increased,their excited energy is around 13～14eV, and there are rarely lines from OII ion.

将原子结构的理论应用于闪电光谱的研究，用多组态DiracFock方法，计算了有关光谱线的波长、振子强度以及相应的激发态能量等参数，理论与试验观测资料进行比较分析后发现，高原地区闪电首次回击光谱的结构及跃迁特性与其他地区有明显的区别，除NII离子n=3 的低激发态产生的跃迁谱线外，激发能量为13～14eV左右的中性NI和OI的跃迁增多，但很难观测到OII离子的跃迁谱线。

The down core changes of Florisphaera profunda percentage content implied that the thermocline was shallower in glacial periods and deeper in interglacial periods, which might be the direct controlling factors of WPWP productivity changes. It is speculated that the glacial-interglacial fluctuation of the depth of thermocline was induced by the super-ENSO variation.

钙质超微化石下透光带属种Florisphaeva profunda百分含量指示的温跃层深度变化表明冰期温跃层浅、间冰期温跃层加深，这说明类ENSO式变化导致的冰期-间冰期温跃层深度波动可能是MIS7期以来暖池核心区古生产力在冰期高而在间冰期显著降低的直接控制因素。

It is shown from the vertical DO distribution characteristics that there were 4 DO profile types, namely, strong pycnocline type, pycnocline type, weak pycnocline type and unstratified type, which represent the processes changing from strong stratification to weak stratification.

垂向DO变化特征显示存在强跃层型、跃层型、弱跃层型及无跃层型四种剖面类型，依次代表水体层化强度由强变弱的过程。

In the northern part of the Okinawa Trough,at about 7.5-7.0kaBP of the early Holocene, this studied region was controlled by the continental shelf water, and at about 7.0aBP Kuroshio water combined with continental shelf water intensively, then the region was controlled by the intensified Kuroshio water with upwellings during 7.0-6.0kaBP; from 6.0-2.0ka BP the upwellings developed stably and the thermocline gradually declined: from 6.0-5.0 kaBP the impact of the upwellings mainly focused on the thermocline and much less on the sea surface, from 5.0-4.0kaBP the SST decreased because the sea surface was influenced by the cool water brought by the intensified upwellings; from 2.0-1.2kaBP, the upwelling declined and the SST increased consequently; since 1.2 kaBP the upwelling increased and the thermocline declined obviously.

冲绳海槽北部、九州西南海区，全新世7.5-7.0ka BP陆源物质影响明显， 7.0kaBP前后黑潮侵入并与陆架水强烈混合，7.0-6.0ka BP期间黑潮影响逐渐控制了该区，上升流开始发生，温跃层开始变浅；约在6.0-2.0ka BP之间上升流持续稳定发育，温跃层深度逐渐下降：6.0-5.0ka BP上升流影响作用于温跃层但对表层影响较小，5.0-4.0ka BP海水表层温度受上升流冷水影响降低；而约2.0-1.2ka BP，上升流减弱，海水表层温度回升；近1200年来上升流加强、温跃层深度减小的趋势更加显著。

It would also help to obtain integrity trajectories of saltating sand grains by extending bitty saltating trajectories grained from wind tunnel experiment in order to understand deep sand grain saltating motion.

这项研究为跃移沙粒运动参数分布函数研究提供了一条新思路，有助于将风洞实验获得的沙粒跃移运动的片断轨迹拓展，进而获得沙粒跃移运动的整个轨迹，以便深入理解沙粒跃移运动。

This thesis calculates effects of the Magnus and Saffman forces on the saltation height and distance of sand grains and vertical concentration distribution of Aeolian sand flow by combinations wind tunnel experiment data and motion model of saltating sand grains.

本文结合风洞实验数据、沙粒跃移运动学模型与风沙流的垂向分布模型，数值计算了Magnus与Saffman效应对跃移沙粒的跃移高度、跃移距离以及风沙流垂向质量浓度分布的影响。

Using the time-match semiempirical models for two flares (one is classified as a SB flare and the other a 2B flare), which were deduced from the spectral data obtained with the solar tower telescope of Nanjing University, we calculate the radiative loss at different phase of the flares.

针对我们已经建立的二个定态色球耀斑半经验模型，计算了耀斑不同时刻下的色球辐射损失速率，包括氢在四个能级假设下的所有跃迁、CaⅡ在五个能级下的所有跃迁、MgⅡ在三个能级下的所有跃迁、以及负氢离子的自由——自由和束缚——自由跃迁等。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。