超额

Research by Maurice Obstfeld of Berkeley, Alan Taylor of the University of California, Davis, and Jay Shambaugh of Dartmouth College views these "excess" reserves as insurance for the domestic banking system.

伯克利的Maurice Obstfeld、加州大学的Alan Taylor以及达特茅斯学院的Davis和Jay Shambaugh 共同进行的研究把这些&超额&储备视为国内银行系统的保险金。

The insurable interest is regarded as the basic concept in the contract law of theinsurance, it not only relate to the effect of the insurance contract, also is decideinsurance object, insurance value, repeated insurance, excess insurance and thebasic important item that the insurance contract's interest transfers.

保险利益作为保险合同中的基础性概念，其不仅关系着保险合同的效力问题，也是决定保险标的、保险价值、重复保险、超额保险及保险合同利益转移的根本要件。

This paper points the problems exist in various kinds of insurable interests and their relations through cases.Through the study this paper conclude that the insurable interest is the key system of the property insurance and insurance law. Our country did not take care of this theory and practice in the past, but now, we should pay close attention to this system, because it related to insurance contract of property effect, overlap insurance, excess insurance, damage and indemnity. So we should add insurable interest clause in the insurance contract. It will be easy to confirm who should be indemnified and how about the harm.

本文基于研究认为，财产保险利益是保险制度和保险法中的核心制度，过去我们国家在理论和实践中不注意该问题，但在保险法完善的过程中，应高度重视该制度，因为他涉及财产保险合同的效力、重复保险、超额保险、保险损害和保险补偿，所以应当在保险合同中增加保险利益条款，从而便于确定受补偿人、保险损害、保险事故、重复保险和补偿范围。

The China Insurance Regulatory Commission will encourage insurance companies to gradually develop catastrophe insurance business via such measures as incentive policies, excess loss reinsurance and catastrophe insurance funds, so as to establish catastrophe risk guarantee mechanisms with pooled risk.

中国保险监督管理委员会将通过政策优惠、超额损失再保险、巨灾保险基金等方式，鼓励保险公司逐步开展巨灾保险业务，逐步建立风险共担的巨灾风险保障机制。

Ii maintain umbrella and excess liability insurance

购买伞护式和超额责任险

Therefore, in order to take advantage of excess of loss insurance and to select the most suitable reinsurance treaty with a minimum cost, it should be understood that management must increase its efficiency.

由於比例再保容量不足，自留保费偏低，使得仍运用比例合约再保方式之产险公司面临严苛竞争，因此如何以最小成本，选择一个最适规模再保合约，有必要了解运用超额赔款再保险之优劣以提升经营效率。

Research by Maurice Obstfeld of Berkeley, Alan Taylor of the University of California, Davis, and Jay Shambaugh of Dartmouth College views these "excess" reserves as insurance for the domestic banking system.

的研究把这些&超额&储备视为国内银行系统的保险金。

The moral hazards resulted in by the asymmetric information among applicant, insured and beneficiary include insurance risk increase caused by indulgence and intent after the conclusion of insurance contract; causing insurance accidents with intent; failing to inform in time after insurance accident; reporting more or higher loss to gain excess insurance benefits; falsifying insurance accident to gain unjust interest.

投保人、被保险人和受益人因信息不对称所致的道德风险表现在合同缔结后放任或者故意造成保险风险增加；故意造成保险事故的发生；在保险事故发生后没有及时通知；保险事故发生后，多报或者高报损失以获取超额保险金；没有发生保险事故却谎称发生保险事故以获取不正当利益等。

The optimal dynamic unlimited excess of loss reinsurance using the mean-variance premium principle is studied. Following Hipp's theory, a corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation is obtained to minimize the ruin probability, and existence and optimality of the solution is proved.

考虑具有均值－方差保费原理的超额损失再保险的最优策略问题，沿用Hipp的理论框架，以最小化破产概率为目标，得到一个Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman方程，并证明了其解的存在性及最优性。

Therefore, there are many domestic companies using excess of loss reinsurance treaty. Their performances have yet to be conclusive because of short time period. But accompanied by the related methods such as elevating the underwriting skill and enhancing the loss prevention technique, positive effects have been shown.

因此目前国内已有许多公司采用超额赔款再保险合约，其经营绩效因时间尚短还不能定论，但在提升核保能力及加强损害防阻技术等相关措施配合之下，已显现相当正面成效。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。