资本税

There are some differences in capital gains tax systems in U.S., U.K. and Australia. U.S. uses common method to calculate the capital gains, and U.K. and Australia use index method and discount method to count the capital gains. They all give some allowances on capital gains, and apply preferential tax policies to support small business.

美英澳的资本利得税模式有所不同，利得计算上美国采用常规方法，而英澳采用复杂的指数化法和折扣法，它们都给予资本利得许多宽免，积极运用税收优惠支持中小企业发展。

Another point is that capital gains tax, from the transaction levy a fixed tax, rather than the difference between tax.

另一点是，资本利得税，从交易征费的固定税，而不是税收之间的区别。

Most modern theory of capital structure is based on original study of Modigliani and Miller. In the paper "Capital and Corporate Values", they proposed that under the hypothesis of complete market, which was free of tax, the corporate value was equal to the weighted average of capital cost ,having nothing to do with the capital structure.

现代资本结构理论的奠基人Modigliani和Miller(1958)在其开创性文献《资本结构与企业价值》中提出了"在完全市场的假设条件下，如果无税，一个企业的加权平均资本成本就是企业价值，与企业的资本结构无关"的命题。

Utilize debt-financing not only increase enterprise's fund, but also improve total assets profit rate when interest rate of debt is lower the profit rate of capital, which is supported by tax shielder function and financial leverage that can increase enterprise's total income, and improve enterprise' s value.

利用债务融资不仅是增加企业资金的主要渠道，而且在企业总资本盈利率大于债务资本利息率的情况下，会通过利息抵税作用和财务杠杆作用增加企业总收益，提高企业资本价值。

South Korea provides that from 2007 onwards, will be the second sale of real estate vendors charge 50% of the capital gains tax on the sale of housing units in the third of the vendor's collection of 60% capital gains tax, developers and called for public construction costs.

韩国则规定，从 2007年起，将对出售第二套房产的卖主征收50%的资本收益税，对出售第三套住房的卖主征收60%的资本收益税，并要求开发商公开建筑成本。

The package included lower taxes on dividends and capital gains; enhanced expensing for small businesses; temporary bonus depreciation; and elimination of the estate tax.

这个方案，包括：降低红利税和资本所有税、提高向小型企业的支付、临时的奖金折旧、取消房地产税。

Due to the above problems in ascertaining capitalization rates, it can be assumed that capitalization rate is one of the main factors in causing risks in REA. Thus, the ascertaining of capitalization determines the accuracy of profitable housing properties appraisal. On the other hand, it indirectly influences the rationality of the re-composition of capitals and the structural modulation. Furthermore, it influences the legitimate rights of the privies involved in real estate dealings; it influences the standardization of real estate markets; it influences the risks involved in real estate financing; it also influences real estate taxation.

因此资本化率的确定直接影响收益型房地产估价的准确性，间接影响资产重组和结构调整的合理性，影响房地产交易各方当事人的合法权益，影响房地产市场的规范性，影响房地产融资风险、房地产税的征管工作等各方面；而且目前，对资本化率的确定方法并不统一，有着多种做法，有时这些做法的估价结果相差极大，因此，对资本化率进行深入研究是非常有必要的。

But there's also a powerful financial reason behind the preference, and that has to do with taxes. The tax code makes Berkshire's owning 80% or more of a business far more profitable for us, proportionately, than our owning a smaller share. When a company we own all of earns $1 million after tax, the entire amount inures to our benefit. If the $1 million is upstreamed to Berkshire, we owe no tax on the dividend. And, if the earnings are retained and we were to sell the subsidiary - not likely at Berkshire!- for $1 million more than we paid for it, we would owe no capital gains tax. That's because our "tax cost" upon sale would include both what we paid for the business and all earnings it subsequently retained.

当然除此之外还有一个重大的财务理由，而且是跟税负有关，根据税法规定，持有80%以上的股权比起拥有少数股权对Berkshire要有利的多，当一家完全由我们持有的公司税后赚了100万美元，这笔钱将全数纳到我们的口袋里，Berkshire不会因为收到股利而被课任何的税，而且如果我们将盈余全数保留，之后再把这家子公司出售-当然Berkshire是不可能做这样的事，那么就算之后的卖价超过100万美元，我们也不必为此支付任何的资本利得税，原因在于我们在税法上的成本包含我们先前买下该公司的成本以及以后年度保留的所有盈余。

If you work, pay taxes, and makeless than $200,000, you'll get a tax cut. If you make more than$250,000, you'll still pay taxes at a lower rate than in the 1990s --and capital gains and dividend taxes one-third lower than they wereunder President Reagan.

如果你工作，就交税；如果年收入不足20万美元，你会获得减税；即使你的年收入超过了25万美元，你所负担的税率也比上世纪九十年代要低──资本利得税和股息税要比里根总统时期低三分之一。

Commissioners of Inland Revenue in Britain, a body of officials appointed by the state and given the duty mainly of collecting income tax, capital gains tax, capital transfer tax, and stamp duties.

国内税务局英国政府机构，由国家任命的官员组成，主要负责征收所得税、资本收益税、资本转移税及印花税。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。