贵族社会

The first edition of Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage -- known in Britain as the "toff's bible" was published in 1769, and its tome on manners, Debrett's Correct Form, has guided high society for decades.

1769年发行的第一版《德布雷特贵族与公爵》被誉为英国的"纨绔圣经"；以礼仪为主要内容的《德布雷特正确礼仪》则引导上流社会长达几十年。

The distress of the people, the laborers without bread, the last Prince de Conde engulfed in the shadows, Brussels expelling the Nassaus as Paris did the Bourbons, Belgium offering herself to a French Prince and giving herself to an English Prince, the Russian hatred of Nicolas, behind us the demons of the South, Ferdinand in Spain, Miguel in Portugal, the earth quaking in Italy, Metternich extending his hand over Bologna, France treating Austria sharply at Ancona, at the North no one knew what sinister sound of the hammer nailing up Poland in her coffin, irritated glances watching France narrowly all over Europe, England, a suspected ally, ready to give a push to that which was tottering and to hurl herself on that which should fall, the peerage sheltering itself behind Beccaria to refuse four heads to the law, the fleurs -de -lys erased from the King's carriage, the cross torn from Notre Dame, Lafayette lessened, Laffitte ruined, Benjamin Constant dead in indigence, Casimir Perier dead in the exhaustion of his power; political and social malady breaking out simultaneously in the two capitals of the kingdom, the one in the city of thought, the other in the city of toil; at Paris civil war, at Lyons servile war; in the two cities, the same glare of the furnace; a crater-like crimson on the brow of the people; the South rendered fanatic, the West troubled, the Duchesse de Berry in la Vendee, plots, conspiracies, risings, cholera, added the sombre roar of tumult of events to the sombre roar of ideas.

人民的疾苦，没有面包的劳动人民，最后一个孔代亲王的横死②，仿效驱逐波旁家族的巴黎而驱逐纳索家族的布鲁塞尔，自愿归附一个法兰西亲王而终被交给一个英格兰亲王的比利时，尼古拉的俄罗斯仇恨，站在我们背后的两个南方魔鬼西班牙的斐迪南和葡萄牙的米格尔，意大利的地震，把手伸向博洛尼亚的梅特涅，在安科纳以强硬手段对付奥地利的法兰西，从北方传来把波兰钉进棺材的那阵无限悲凉的锤子声音，整个欧洲瞪眼望着法国的那种愤激目光，随时准备趁火打劫、落井下石的不可靠的盟国英格兰，躲在贝卡里亚背后拒绝向法律交出四颗人头的贵族院，从国王车子上刮掉的百合花，从圣母院拔去的十字架，物化了的拉斐德，破产了的拉菲特，死于贫困的班加曼·贡斯当，死于力竭的卡齐米尔·佩里埃，在这王国的两个都市中棗一个思想的城市，一个劳动的城市棗同时发生的政治病和社会病，巴黎的民权战争，里昂的奴役战争，两个城市中的同一种烈焰，出现在人民额头上的那种类似火山爆发的紫光，狂烈的南方，动荡的西方，待在旺代的德·贝里公爵夫人，阴谋，颠覆活动，暴乱，霍乱，这些都在种种思潮的纷争之上增添了种种事变的纷起。①在法国一八三○年革命中，拉斐德是自由保王派，波林尼雅克是被推翻的查理十世王朝的内阁大臣。②孔代，波旁家族的一个支系，一八三○年孔代亲王被人吊死在野外，未破案。

Born in the purple 出生于名门望族 It was not only those that were born in the purple were more noble than others in this society.

在我们这个社会中那些出身名门贵族的人决不比他人高贵。

After France he moved to Luxemburg where he collaborated with The European Commission on various projects involving exhibitions and multi-media performances involving actors and electronic music performances. In 1982 he moved to Belgium where he became very succesfull with portraying the Belgium Aristocracy and High Society.In 1984 he moved again to Paris and studied contemporary electronic music in the IRCAM that was under the direction of the famous French composer Pierre Boulez. In 1986 he moved to Berlin to study the new tendencies in German painting.

之后，他搬到了卢森堡，和欧盟委员会合作了很多项目，包括画展、多媒体演员表演和电子乐演出。1982年，他搬到比利时，为当地贵族和上流社会人物画肖像画，非常成功。1984年，他再次来到巴黎，在巴黎IRCAM进修当代电子音乐，当时IRCAM由著名法国作曲家Pierre Boulez所领导。1986年，他到柏林研究德国绘画艺术新潮流。

Lastly, the rationalist political culture of the burgher class helped to shape the framework ofpolitical ideology of the nation state.

城市商业资本通过直接介入商品生产领域，依靠资本的渗透与扩张，消除了封建贵族经济的割据壁垒，强化了各地区之间经济与文化联系，并通过市场经济的杠杆作用，使各地区的社会生产专业化分工得到了更深程度上的细化，生产资料和自然资源的配置与使用也更进一步趋向合理化，民族统一经济市场遂逐渐发育成型并日益走向成熟。

When those with civic responsibility or professional obligations purport to be our moral keepers, our standard-setters, our selves writ large and best -- and take the public salaries and social prestige that go with it -- but deliberately and callously ignore what they preach, we lose to moral bankruptcy the nobility of soul we have elsewhere insisted is the common coinage of the culture.

当这些与公民责任或专业义务意图是我们道义上的人员，我们的标准制定者，我们的自我令状大和最佳-，并采取公开工资和社会声望的选择-但是故意忽略和无情，他们鼓吹什么，我们失去了道德的破产贵族的灵魂，我们在其他地方是坚持共同硬币的文化。

The writer Jinziwei said in his book "My short noble life": it is the a kind of copying time, and in the fast times we should catch the new growing point no matter how slender it is, and it is more difficult to put the wandering emotion and soul in the air of city.

作家津子围在《我短暂的贵族生活》中说："这是一个复制的时代，一个移花接木的社会，在快速成长的过程中，我们的根须必须抓住新的、哪怕细小移动的生长点，更为艰难的是，我们还要安放漂浮在城市上空流浪的情感和灵魂"。

Christianization transformed Bugarian society : many elements of Byzantine civilization came into Bulgaria , while the old Turkic nobility fell into decline

基督教化改变了保加利亚社会，许多拜占庭文化元素进入保加利亚，而此时旧有的突厥贵族文化正在日趋衰落。

The reform of Jean-Jacques Rousseau lays a foundation of democratic politics, Peisistratus' Tyrannos is an omnidirectional development of democracy, while Cleisthenes' reform steadily improves the Government of Athens, and the establishment of the democratic government system are marked by the practice that people are the master of sovereignty.

在漫长的历史进程中，始终伴随着多次重大的社会改革运动，可以说，改革既是雅典民主政治形成与发展的需要，又是民主化进程的推动力。刚诞生的雅典城邦是典型的贵族政治国家。如果把雅典民主政治

The reason Nalanxingde to a certain extent, and Han Qing Mu intellectuals learned his knowledge of the Chinese culture and, more importantly, he has their own different from ordinary children of the Manchu nobility Dandyism the lofty ideals and noble character, He apparently made the move deviated from the mainstream of society, which became a focus of future generations.

究其原因，纳兰性德在一定程度上可以和汉族知识分子学到他所倾慕的汉文化知识，而更重要的是他自身有着不同于一般满清贵族纨绔子弟的远大理想和高尚人格，这就显然使得他的举动背离了社会主流，从而成为后世的一个研究焦点。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。