证人

The expert witness of forensic accounting, as a special type of the system of expert witness, is a litigation activity witch the forensic accountants explain and refer to accounting evidence at court using their accounting, auditing and law knowledge and experience.

法务专家证人制度作为专家证人制度中的一种特殊类型，主要是指具有、会计、审计等相关知识的法务会计专业人员在开庭审理前和审理过程中对所涉法务会计专业问题进行证据咨询解释和损失计量的诉讼活动。

Expert witness of forensic accounting, as a special type of the system of expert witness, is a litigation activity witch the forensic accountants explain and refer to accounting evidence at court using their accounting, auditing and law knowledge and experience.

法务专家证人制度作为专家证人制度中的一种特殊类型，主要是指具有、会计、审计等相关知识的法务会计专业人员在开庭审理前和审理过程中对所涉法务会计专业进行证据咨询解释和损失计量的诉讼活动。

For the purpose of attacking the character for truthfulness of a witness

依照规则403的规定，对于有关除被告人外的证人曾被定罪的证据，应当予以采纳；其条件是：如果根据该证人被定罪的法律、该罪行的法定刑为死刑或—年以上徒刑。

We can comprehend the mode of the system of immunity of witness like that: the witness refusing to testify according to the prior condition of " the privilege against self- incrimination " The prosecutor has the absolute controlling power to start the immunity of witness.

作证豁免制度一般模式为：前提条件一般为证人基于"反对强迫自证其罪"特权拒绝作证；追诉方拥有作证豁免的绝对控制权；豁免的法律后果是证人如实提供证言，司法机关彻底免除或有限免除其刑事责任；豁免不排除对证人以作伪证或藐视法庭而给予处罚。

Considering that the nonappearance and perjury to be a violation of law, it shall also establish an system of imperative appearance and punishing perjury to compel the witness to appear and testify according to the facts.

首先，要建立起强制证人出庭作证伟幢和伪证惩戒制度，证人无正当理由不出庭及作伪证，是不履行法律规定的义务，是违法的表现，理应承担一定的法律后果，国家应当动用强制力，采取一定的强制措施，强制证人履行出庭作证、如实作证的义务

Witnesses, competency, examination of witnesses, credibility and impeachment, privileges, admission and exclusion, opinion evidence and expert witnesses, relevancy, hearsay, best evidence rule, parol evidence rule, judicial notice, burdens, and presumptions.

其它的材料包括证人的出席，证人的适格与检验，信誉和怀疑，特权，允许和排除，意见证据和专家证人，关联性，传闻，最佳证据规则，口头证据规则，司法认知，负担和推定。

However, on account of these facts that the defects in the legislation of civil procedural law; the negligence of witness appearing in court in judicial practice and little research on the system of witnesses in theory, the phenomenon that witnesses who refuse to give evidence or perjure or refuse

但长期以来，由于我国民事诉讼立法的疏漏、司法实践对证人出庭作证缺乏足够的重视以及理论上对证人制度鲜有深入探讨等原因，导致证人拒不作证、拒不出庭、作伪证以及证言反复等现象普遍存在，成为制约我国司法改革进一步深入的一大瓶颈。

The Independent Counsel shall have jurisdiction and authority to investigate to the maximum extent authorized by the Independent Counsel Reauthorization Act of 1994 whether Monica Lewinsky or others suborned perjury, obstructed justice, intimidated witnesses, or otherwise violated federal law other than a Class B or C misdemeanor or infraction in dealing with witnesses, potential witnesses, attorneys, or others concerning the civil case Jones v. Clinton .

律师应具有管辖权的独立调查委员会，并以最大程度的授权重新授权法1994独立律师或其他人唆使伪证是否莱温斯基，妨碍司法，恐吓证人否则违反联邦法律以外的B或C级轻罪或违反处理证人潜在证人，律师，或者其他关于民事诉琼斯案，克林顿。

About one-third of the 100 prosecution witnesses received protective measures and another one-fifth of them had to be subpoenaed to testify. Two of them have been arrested and are being held in contempt of court for refusing to testify.

在100名检方证人中，大约有三分之一的证人受到保护，另外有五分之一的证人受到传唤才出庭作证，其中两名证人因为藐视法庭拒绝作证而遭到逮捕和监禁。

We can comprehend the mode of the system of immunity of witness like that: the witness refusing to testify according to the prior condition of " the privilege against self- incrimination " The prosecutor has the absolute controlling power to start the immunity of witness.

作证豁免制度一般模式为：前提条件一般为证人基于&反对强迫自证其罪&特权拒绝作证；追诉方拥有作证豁免的绝对控制权；豁免的法律后果是证人如实提供证言，司法机关彻底免除或有限免除其刑事责任；豁免不排除对证人以作伪证或藐视法庭而给予处罚。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。