解决

It is not easy to solve the problem of tensor product multilinear mapping if only matrix algebra knowledge is used. The introduction of structure matrix will make this problem much easier to be solved and more acceptable among people.

在解决张量积多重线性映射问题时，只用矩阵代数知识解决问题有些繁琐，而引入结构矩阵来解决张量积多重线性映射问题，不仅能使问题变得更加简单而且更加容易理解接受。

Then,we improve CSFP Model in two aspects:when we ascertain the frequency of default,we use negative binomial distribution to substitute Poisson distribution so that the model can measure the data better;when we ascertain the loss distribution of default,we use Γ-distribution to substitute normal distribution.

其创新与特色一是对贷款组合的风险暴露数进行分段，在每一频段上分别确定风险暴露数分布，进而可以更准确的描述各笔贷款的风险暴露数。二是在确定风险暴露数分布时，用Γ分布替代了传统的正态分布，解决了贷款违约的风险暴露数分布的厚尾问题，进而解决了大宗贷款违约的风险度量问题。三是确定违约频率时，用负二项分布来代替传统的泊松分布，解决了违约频率的方差通常要大于其均值的分布拟合问题。

And when, after the Cold War, the sovereignty disputes over the islands in the South China Sea have become one of the dominating problems that threaten the peace and security of the Asia-Pacific area and the relations between the countries around the South China Sea have been in such tensions many times due to the issue that there is evidence that force may be resorted to, US has been dead set on one point though its strategy for the Asia-Pacific area is still shaping: it urges that the issue should be settled through negotiation rather than by force.

就南中国海岛礁的实际控制问题和争议的解决方式而言，美国在不同时期有不同的态度。20世纪50、60年代，美国坚决反对中国收复西沙和南沙群岛，尤其是对1956年所谓的"中共甘泉岛登陆"事件反应强烈，但容忍、默许台湾当局、南越、菲律宾这些反共盟友在这些岛礁的活动。70、80年代，美国对发生在南中国海的两次武装冲突持中立态度：默许中国武力收复西沙群岛和部分南沙岛礁；冷战后，即90年代，美国则坚决反对武力解决南沙群岛问题，极力倡导和平解决。

In this article, the authors review the short history of CPS study in German and update the characteristics of CPS, including dynamics, complexity, opaqueness and time delay. Then a comparison is made between CPS and decision making, including naturalistic decision-making and dynamic decision-making.

本文介绍了复杂问题解决研究的发展历史，总结了复杂问题解决情境的特征，包括动态性、复杂性、模糊性以及时间滞后性，进一步比较了复杂问题解决与自然决策和动态决策的差别。

First introduced highway alignment's definition, the significance, the developing process and the CASIO series calculator in the highway surveying computation application; Using the traverse survey computation's two basic mathematical model (azimuth calculation, coordinate calculation), compile the corresponding procedure to solve echo the wire coordinate computation; With the aid in the mathematical model which three, four and so on leveling's field operations calculate, compiles the corresponding procedure to solve the road elevation survey computation; According to relaxes the circular curve principal point and the detail coordinate computation mathematical model, based on this programs the solution to relax the circular curve coordinate principal point and the detail coordinate computation, then further develops this procedure to use to calculate the circular curve principal point and the detail coordinate computation.

首先介绍了公路线路的定义、意义、发展过程和CASIO 系列计算器在公路测量计算的应用；利用导线测量计算的两种基本数学模型，编写相应的程序以解决附和导线坐标计算；借助于三、四等水准测量的外业计算的数学模型，编写相应的程序以解决公路高程测量的计算；根据缓和圆曲线主点及细部点的坐标计算的数学模型，在此基础上编程解决缓和圆曲线坐标主点及细部点坐标的计算，然后进一步开发此程序用以计算圆曲线主点及细部点的坐标计算。

The research instruments included " Science Concept Comprehension Test, Science-related Attitudes Scale, and Problem Solving Ability Test". The results of this study were that: STS group had significantly positive effect than traditional group on SCCT, SRAS and PSAT.(2) Field-independent students had significantly positive effect than Field-dependent on SCCT.(3) There were no interaction between teaching methods and cognitive styles.

刊究结果发现在问题解决能力、科学理解与科学相关态度三方面，STS组学生皆较一般组学生有正向的表现，且前测并不影响学童在此三方面的后测表现；在认知风格上，场地独立性的学童在科学概念理解上表现较场地依赖性者正向，但不同认知风格学童在科学相关态度和问题解决能力两方面并没有显著差异；学生的认知风格和教学法之间，在科学概念理解、科学相关态度和问题解决能力三方面皆无交互作用产生。

Secondly, based on the different structure characteristics and additional conditions, we study several kinds of inverse problems of pseudoparabolic equations. One is a kind of pseudoparabolic inverse problem of identifying a constant coefficient solved by combining the formal solution of the problem and the additional condition properly. The second is the pseudoparabolic inverse problems of identifying an unknown boundary function and an unknown source term solved by using the Riemann function method to get the formal solution of the problem and then using the additional condition to transform the problem into a Volterra integral equation of the second kind. The third is a kind of backward heat flow problem of nonlinear pseudoparabolic equation solved by combining the Riemann function method and the fixed point theory properly.

其次，根据不同模型的结构特点和附加条件，研究了几类伪抛物型方程的反问题：一是利用问题的形式解并结合附加条件，解决了一类伪抛物型方程常数系数的反问题；二是利用Riemann函数方法获得问题的形式解，利用附加条件将问题转化成求解第二类Volterra积分方程问题，解决了一类伪抛物型方程未知边界值的反问题和未知源项的反问题；三是将Riemann函数方法和不动点定理相结合，解决了一类非线性伪抛物型方程的后向热流问题。

Thirdly,we study certain Riemann boundary value problems and Singularintegral equations with values in a universal Clifford algebra 〓,by com-bining the classical methods of solving Riemann boundary value problems andsingular integral equations with the Taylor's expansion of regular function in Clif-ford analysis,proving a lemma which is similar to the Painleve theorem in theclassical complex analysis,and the Plemelj formula in Clifford analysis,we obtainthe better results under weaker condition than before.

第三，本文第一次借助于用来解决经典的Riemann边值问题与奇异积分方程的方法来研究Clifford分析中的某些Riemann边值问题与奇异积分方程，获得了在比以前文献中条件更弱的情况下，结论更广的结果，并且，它为更进一步地解决在Clifford分析中一般的Riemann边值问题与奇异积分方程提供了基本的解决思想，为这一新的研究领域奠定了基础。

The application of the criminal mediation in China has its own justifications:the theory of constructing a harmony society and our criminal justice policy of"co-adjustment of leniency and rigorism"provide it with the theoretical and policy basis;criminal mediation meets the need of our current judicial reality.and it is the effctive way to realize all the interests at best.to eliminate the contradictions among the people,and to resolve the problem of judiclal resources restraint in China:criminal mediation is not only advocated by the United Nations,but also a fashion widely applied in different countries;criminal mediation does not contradict the traditional criminal,justice rationales;instead,it reflects the trend of resolving criminal cases in a diverse way,and our pursuit of diverse values.

刑事和解在我国的适用，具有正当性基础，具体表现在：构建和谐社会理论和宽严相济为刑事和解正当性提供了理论依据和政策基础，刑事和解有助于和谐社会的构建，有利于贯彻宽严相济刑事司法政策；刑事和解是我国司法现实的需要。是实现利益兼得、有效化解矛盾、解决司法资源紧缺问题的重要途径，也是联合国所提倡的，各国通行的解决刑事纠纷的方式之一；刑事和解与传统刑事司法理论并不相悖，体现了解决刑事案件方式的多元化和价值追求的多元化。

It has been the stickiest problem for a long time for the silk spun mills to remove the oil from the heavy oil materials efficiently and absolutely .There has not been systemically study on this subject because of the conditional limitation, no breakthroughs as well. At present, the methods are mainly schapping and chemicals.

重油原料的除油问题历来是绢纺厂最难解决的问题，各个绢纺厂都想解决掉，也在这方面作了很多的研究，但是并没有从根本上得到解决，从目前所采用的方法来看，主要有腐化练法和化学练法。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。