表面硬化的

On the basis of establishing planar cutting model and cutting equation, through analyzing the rigidity of technical system infrequency chart, change cutting coefficient and the angle of cutter etc, emphasis measuring and analyzing hard turning 45 hardened steel the damaged layer of finished surface cutting force the roughness on finished surface and researching on the mechanism of wear and damage of cutter.

在分析二元切削模型和切削方程的基础上，进一步研究了切削变形及其影响机理；通过工艺系统刚性的频谱分析，改变切削用量、刀具几何参数等因素，测量并分析研究了精切淬硬钢的切削力、已加工表面粗糙度、加工硬化及表面残余应力及刀具的磨损情况，基本形成了精加工45~#淬硬钢的切削基础理论。

The laser hardening material can effectively improve the surface hardness and wear resistance.

认为激光硬化处理能够有效地改善材料的表面硬度和耐磨性。

Three kinds of cutting material were selected to machine stainless steel machining experiment such as ceramic cutting tools, cermets cutting tools and coated carbide cutting tools, in which the best range of each kind of tool material was founded. For example, LT55 was suitable to be machine lCrl8Ni9Ti as the cutting speed surpasses 120m/min and have a good wearable property.(3) Surface roughness was measured under different cutting conditions. Feed rate played the most important role in impacting surface roughness, and then cutting speed.(4) Chip patterns in different cutting speed with various cutting materials were analyzed. With the increase of turning speed, chip became shorter and was easy to be broken. For instance, serration chip appeared in high sped turning stainless steel with LT55;(5) Work hardening of austenitic stainless steel was analyzed.

陶瓷刀具LT55适合在Vc=120m/min以上切削加工不锈钢，耐磨性好；③通过试验研究了不同刀具材料高速车削加工1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢时的表面粗糙度，其中进给量对表面粗糙度的影响最为显著，其次为切削速度；④分析了不同刀具材料在不同切削速度下加工1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的切屑形态，随着车削速度的提高，切屑变短且易断屑，其中LT55陶瓷刀具切削加工时产生了锯齿状切屑；⑤分析了奥氏体不锈钢的加工硬化机理及其对刀具磨损的影响；⑥根据试验结果分析在不同切削条件下切削不锈钢的刀具磨损形式及其磨损机理。

The experiments showed that, the surface microstructure is plate martensite, and the subsurface microstructure is cryptocrystalline martensite. the transition zone contains mixed martensite, troostite and part of the nonmelting ferrite.

实验表明：改性层微观组织由表层至基体依次为：表面熔凝区为片状马氏体；均匀相变硬化区为隐晶马氏体；过渡区为混合马氏体、屈氏体和部分未熔的铁素体。

The results show that microstructure of the surface layer after electron beam irradiation consists of four zones,i.e.surface melting zone,phase transformation hardening zone,transition zone and base alloy.

研究结果表明，Cr12MoV模具钢经电子束表面熔凝处理后的显微组织可以明显地划分为四个区域：表面熔化区、相变硬化区、过渡区及合金的基体。

The surface of the bedways is supersonic frequency hardened.

在导轨表面的超音速频率硬化。

"Carburize:To treat, combine, or impregnate with carbon, as when casehardening steel ."

使渗碳，碳化：使与碳一起处理，使与碳混合或使充满碳，如将钢的表面粹火硬化。

To date, Ashford Formula has been specified and used to densify, seal and harden over 2 1/2 billion square feet (2,500,000,000) of industrial concrete surfaces, an area equivalent to a 3-foot wide concrete band circling the earth 6 times.

迄今为止，A/F被指定用于固化、密封和硬化工业混凝土表面超过2.5亿平方英尺，相当于一块3英尺宽的混凝土样快绕地球6圈。

To treat, combine, or impregnate with carbon, as when casehardening steel.

使渗碳，碳化使与碳一起处理，使与碳混合或使充满碳，如将钢的表面粹火硬化

It is indicated that the carburized stainless steel can not only be restored to the original color of stainless steel and improved the surface quality, but also can keep a high hardness after being brightened using the optimized process parameters.

结果表明，采用优化后的工艺参数对渗碳不锈钢进行亮化处理，不但可以恢复不锈钢原有的颜色，改善其表面质量，而且硬化层的损失很小，不锈钢表面仍具有很高的硬度。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。