表明

To study the expression, purification and bioactivity of human augmenter of liver regeneration in Pichia Pastoris, the expression plasmid pPICZαA- ALR was constructed and transformed into P. Pastoris by the method of electroporation transformation. Induced with 0.5% methanol, the 30 kD protein in the culture supernatant of recombinant P. Pastoris was confirmed to be rhALR by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Quantitative analysis showed that the target protein was in a level of 66% of the total protein of the culture supernatant, with a yield of 40mg/L.we had performed DEAE anion exchange chromatography two times with excessive and regular adsorption quantity consecutively, and then the rhALR above 95% purity and 52% protein recovery could be obtained by G75 molecular sieve chromatography at last step. The bioactivity assay of the purified product showed that rhALR could stimulate the proliferation of HepG2, SMMC-7721 and NIH-3T3 in vitro.

为在毕赤酵母中分泌表达人肝再生增强因子，以色谱法分离纯化后进行体外活性研究，构建表达载体pPICZαA- ALR，经电穿孔转入毕赤酵母中，用0.5％甲醇诱导表达；重组酵母培养上清经SDS-PAGE电泳和western blot鉴定后表明， rhALR以分子量为30kD的二聚体为主；定量分析结果表明，重组酵母培养上清中rhALR约占总蛋白的66％，表达量约为40mg/L；经DEAE柱和G75柱纯化后，获得的rhALR纯度大于95％，得率为52％；体外生物学活性实验表明，rhALR能明显促进HepG2、SMMC-7721和NIH-3T3细胞的增殖。

Calcium carbonate and soluble glass and so on were confected as alkaline antifouling agent. The Infrared Spectrometry results showed that 2275-2250 cm~(-1) diagnostic absorb wave crest in part A and 3390-3200 cm~(-1) in part B and 1730 cm~(-1) in coating film strongly proved polymers reacted just as the reacting mechanism, that means polysiloxane which offer low-surface-energy property linked Polyurethane system by —OH groups reacting with —NCO groups. Relative molar mass of part A and part B was determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography and the results were appropriate. Surface-energy was determined and results were between 33.6-47.17 mN/m and it increased when alkaline antifouling agent was put into the coating. Alkaline antifouling agent was releasing steadily when the coating film was dipped in seawater. As time gone, the pH value of seawater was increasing. Solubility parameter and results showed that there was no corrasive phenomenon between the polyethylene strand and the coating.

红外光谱分析结果表明，出现在A组分中的2275～2250cm~(-1)处的异氰酸酯特征吸收峰、B组分中的3390～3200cm~(-1)处硅羟基的特征吸收峰及出现在固化后涂膜中的1730cm~(-1)处氨基甲酸酯基团的特征吸收峰证明了涂料成膜物质交联固化符合本文的设计要求，即赋予涂膜低表面能特性的有机硅组分通过—OH基团与—NCO基团的反应已经链接到聚氨酯体系中；凝胶渗透色谱结果表明，成膜物质的A、B组分均为低分子量，符合预聚物的要求；涂膜表面能的测算结果表明，涂膜的表面能在33.6～47.17mN／m之间；加入碱式防污剂后涂膜的表面能略有升高；碱式防污剂的释放平稳，随着涂膜在海水中浸泡时间的增长，pH值有增加的趋势；用溶解度参数原则来评价涂料与网绳的涂装，结果表明，本试验研制的防污涂料对聚乙烯网绳无溶蚀作用。

The call developmental process of Psittacula agapornis consists of five instinct phases according to its call character. In the first phase （congenital cal1 phase, CCP, 0~12 day of age）, the juveniles only produce single syllable with short syllable length. The second phase（blank-model-forming phase,BMFP, 13~30 day of age） is important for formation of vocal learning pathways. During this phase, the calls characterized by more and longer syllables. In the third phase （call-model-forming phase,CMFP, 31~45 day of age）, the call development is guided by a model system for vocal learning, vocal learning is engendered so that some calls with multi-syllables with UP1 are produced, principal frequency has increased about by 920 cent, the number of note is double that of second phase. The short-term memories are transformed into long-term memories in the forth phase （call-feedback-learning phase,CFLP, 46~90 day of age）. The call of juveniles is a close match to tutor call which accompanied by double various sounds with BS and UP1, and more resonance components were formed. Second principal frequency has increased about by 970 cent, the number of note increases by 2.6~3.0 times. During the fifth phase （excellent call phase,ECP, after 91 d）, vocal motor pathway is developed and the calls are accompanied with most stable, harmonious vari-tone and complex repertoire.

牡丹鹦鹉的鸣声发育分为5个时期。0~12 d为先天性鸣声期，鸣声特征为以基本音为主音的单音节单音调声，声长短。13~30 d为空白模板形成期，鸣声特征为以基本音为主音的多音节单音调声，声长和音量显著性增加，表明发声学习通路开始形成。31~45 d为鸣声模板形成期，鸣声特征为以第1陪音（UP1）为主音的多音节单变调声，声长和音量显著性增加，主音频提升约920音分，涵盖的律音数增加1倍，表明发声学习模板逐渐形成，发声学习开始。46~90 d为鸣声反馈学习期，鸣声特征为以BS和UP1为主音的双变调声，声长和音量显著性增加，主音频涵盖的律音数增加2.6~3.0倍，第2主音频提升约970音分，表明稳定模板逐渐形成，短期记忆逐渐向长期记忆转化。91 d后为完美鸣声期，鸣声特征为以UP1为主音的复合变音调声，声长、音量、主音频的提升和涵盖的律音数都趋于平稳，鸣声稳定而和谐，表明发声运动通路基本形成。

Thunbergii trees were established, and the sun survivorship curves were drawn with field data. The results showed that in the three plots, the height and basal diameter growth of regenerated young P. thunbergii trees had exponential, linear, and quadratic functional relations with age and the age structure was of spindle, discrete, and pyramid types, respectively. Most of the regenerated young trees were distrbuted at 0.3-1.2 m from their nearest standing trees, and the individuals of the young trees decreased near to or far from the nearest standing trees. Inplots Ⅰ and Ⅲ, the expected average life of regenerated young P. thunbergii trees had a decreasing trend with their increasing age, and the survival number of the population also decreased with increasing population age. The survivorship craves of regenerated young P. thunbergii trees in the two plots approximated to the type of Deevey Ⅱ, indicating that the young P. thunbergii populations in the plots were at stable development stage. The population structure of regenerated young P. thunbergii trees in plot Ⅱ was lesser integral, suggesting that the population was of declining types being related to human disturbance, slope and other environmental factors.

结果表明：(1) 3个样地中幼龄植株高生长、基径生长与年龄均分别呈指数函数、直线和二次函数关系；(2) 3个样地黑松幼龄植株年龄结构存在着明显差异，分别表现为纺锤形、残缺型和金字塔型；(3)幼龄植株主要集中分布在距最近立木0.3~1.2m，离立木越近或越远幼龄植株均逐渐减少；(4)对样地Ⅰ和样地Ⅲ黑松幼龄植株生命表和存活曲线的分析表明，随年龄的增加，黑松幼龄植株生命期望值基本上呈递减趋势，黑松幼龄植株种群存活数也随着年龄的增加而降低；样地Ⅰ和样地Ⅲ黑松幼龄植株种群存活曲线近似于Deevey Ⅱ型，表明2个样地黑松幼龄植株种群处于稳定发展阶段；(5)样地Ⅱ幼龄植株种群结构很不完整，表明该种群属于衰退型，与人为干扰及坡度等有关。

Transcriptional activity of ACL recombinants normalized by Renilla was significant difference with pGL3-Basic expect for construct -27 and -15 (P＜0.01). Construct -919 contains highest activity. 3 times reduction of transcriptional activity from-919 to -679bp indicated that negative regulation factors located probably in this region. The activity started on construct -73 suggested the basal promoter activity was located within the -73 to +77bp region; Transcriptional activity of IDHβrecombinants was not significantly different between the recombinant -58 and pGL3-Basic. The activity started on construct -82, decreasing with the length of the fragment up to -164 in despite of a bit of fluctuation, and kept increasing from construct -164 up to -279. Thus, the basal promoter activity was located within the -82 to +16bp region, whereas the upstream 197bp conferred maximal transcriptional activity.

采用5'端缺失策略，结合启动子预测结果，分别构建了8个ACL基因和19个IDH3β基因启动子区重组子，将其转染猪PK15细胞系，并利用荧光素酶双报告基因系统检测了它们的活性，结果表明：在所构建的猪ACL基因5侧翼序列的8个重组子中，除pGL-ACL27和pGL-ACL15外，其它重组子的荧光素酶活性与阴性对照均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)，表明它们均具有启动子活性，pGL-ACL919活性最强，到pGL-ACL679活性下降了将近3倍，说明从-919bp到-679bp区域可能存在负的调控位点，从pGL-ACL621到pGL-ACL73活性有小幅度下降，到pGL-ACL27活性降到与阴性对照水平无显著差异，表明维持该启动子的基本活性区域位于-73bp到+77bp之间；IDH3β基因启动子活性开始于pGL-IB82，然后虽然有些波动，但是活性一直下降直到-164bp处，之后活性又开始升高，直到-279bp处活性达到最高，这些表明维持该启动子的基本活性区域位于-82bp到+16bp之间，从-82到-279之间的179bp区域具有最高的启动子活性。

The observed EMF values of oxygen concentration cell coincided withtheoretical values perfectly, indicating that the ceramics were purely oxide-ionicconductors with oxygen ion transference number of 1 under oxygen atmosphere over thewhole temperature range. The electrochemical oxygen permeation rates determined were inaccordance with the theoretical rates calculated from Faradays law, verifying directexperimentally that the oxide-ionic nature of the conduction under oxygen atmosphere. Athigh oxygen partialpressure range pO_2=10~(-5～10~5 Pa, they were almost pure ionicconductors, which was consistent with the result by means of oxygen concentration cell.Whereas at low oxygen partial pressure range pO_2=10~(-5～10~(-15)Pa, the samplesexhibited mixed ionic and electronic conduction.

结果表明，氧浓差电池电动势的实测值与理论值吻合得很好，氧离子迁移数为1，表明该系列样品在该温度下氧气气氛中为纯氧离子导体；氧泵实验结果进一步证实了该系列样品在氧气气氛中为纯氧离子导体；在氧分压pO_2=10~(-5)～10~5 Pa的高氧分压气氛中，电导率与氧分压变化基本无关，表明在该氧分压范围样品为纯离子导体，这与氧浓差电池电动势测定结果相吻合：在低氧分压为10~(-5)～10~(-15) Pa范围，总电导率随氧分压降低而稍有升高，表明在该氧分压范围样品为氧离子与电子的混合导体。

Results showed that variability coefficients of the boll number per plant were the biggest under different ecological environment.Correlative degree analysis indicated that boll weight was the leading factor restricting the boll number;lint index was one of the major factors that affected boll weight,lint percentage and seed index;seed index was the primary factor restricting lint index.Results of path analysis sho...

结果表明，不同生态环境下单株成铃的变异系数最大；关联度分析表明，铃重是制约株铃的主导因素，衣指是制约铃重、衣分及子指的主导因素，子指是制约衣指的主导因素；通径分析结果表明，株铃对籽棉产量的综合直接作用最大；偏相关分析表明，单株成铃、单铃籽棉重、衣分3个产量因素性状对产量的贡献率占总决定度的77.16%，基本上反映了产量因素的构成情况。

The results of its intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence phase diagram showed that when the guanidine hydrochloride concentration in denaturation solution was about 1.0 mol/L, there existed a partially folded intermediate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens a-amylase during its unfolding procedure, which followed a three-state model; the result of its fluorescence probe showed that when the guanidine hydrochloride concentration in denaturation solution was about 1.0 mol/L, there existed some stable hydrophobic regions, which could interact with a hydrophobic reagent 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid, in the partially folded intermediate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens a-amylase; and the results of fluorescence quenching using acrylamide and potassium iodide as quenchers showed the distribution of Trp residues in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens a-amylase in different denaturation solution, with the maximum number (8) of tryptophan residues in a partially folded intermediate Bacillus amyloliquefaciens a-amylase molecule could be quenched by potassium iodide; and the results of their protein electrophoresis and SEC showed that no aggregate or aggregate precipitation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens a-amylase formed during the whole unfolding procedure of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens a-amylase induced by guanidine hydrochloride.

内源荧光光谱和荧光相图结果表明，当变性液中盐酸胍浓度约为1.0 mol/L时，芽孢杆菌a-淀粉酶的去折叠过程中出现一个部分折叠中间体，其去折叠过程符合&三态模型&；荧光探针结果表明，在溶液中盐酸胍浓度约为1.0 mol/L时，中间态芽孢杆菌a-淀粉酶分子中存在着能够与探针分子1-苯胺基-8-萘磺酸结合的稳定的疏水区域；荧光猝灭研究给出了不同程度变性的淀粉液化芽孢杆菌a-淀粉酶中的Trp的分布情况，结果表明中间态芽孢杆菌a-淀粉酶分子中能够被碘化钾猝灭的位于分子表面的色氨酸残基数目达到最大的8个；蛋白电泳和体积排阻色谱结果表明，在盐酸胍诱导的芽孢杆菌a-淀粉酶分子的整个去折叠过程中，不会以共价键或非共价键形式形成芽孢杆菌a-淀粉酶分子之间的集聚体或集聚体沉淀。

Single factor experiments were done with the factors including the width of protrusion and the trolley's velocity, which showed that the surface frictional coefficient decreases with the width of protrusion increasing, and doesn't change with the trolley's velocity changing, which was consistent with the results of the orthogonal experiment. A theoretical model of the horizontal projection of a corrugated bionic surface's contact area was built, which showed that the contact area's horizontal projection decreases with width and interval increasing respectively and that the ratio of the contact area's horizontal projection and the vertical load decreases with the vertical load increasing. It indicated that the surface frictional coefficient decreases with the above three factors increasing respectively. Finite element modeling and analysis of interactions of a plate and soils was done using ANSYS, which showed that the plate frictional coefficient is little relative to soil elastic modulus and decreases with vertical surface pressure and that trolley's pull and vertical displacement of bionic surface's control pilot keep constant almost during the plate being pulled. Finite element modeling and analysis of interactions of a corrugated bionic surface and soils was done using ANSYS, which showed that surface frictional coefficient is little relative to soil elastic modulus and decreases with bionic surface's structural parameters and vertical pressure increasing. However, the three factors all didn't affect the surface frictional coefficient remarkably on the condition of 90% dependability. For the first time, bionic surfaces were applied to screw piles, which formed bionic screw piles, and the contrast experiments showed the bionic screw pile had certain resistance-decreasing effects.

建立了波纹型仿生曲面与土壤的接触面积的水平投影的理论模型，表明接触面积的水平投影A随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距的增大而减小，接触面积的水平投影与波纹型仿生曲面表面垂直载荷之比随着波纹型仿生曲面表面垂直载荷的增大而减小，进而得出仿生曲面摩擦系数随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距以及表面垂直载荷的增大而减小；利用ANSYS软件对平板与土壤的相互作用进行了有限元建模与分析，表明平板摩擦系数与土壤弹性模量关系不大，而随着表面垂直载荷的增大而减小；平板牵引过程中台车牵引力和仿生曲面控制节点垂直方向位移基本保持不变；利用ANSYS软件对波纹型仿生曲面与土壤的相互作用进行了有限元建模与分析，表明波纹型仿生曲面系数在一定范围内基本不受土壤弹性模量的影响，随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距以及表面垂直载荷的增大而减小，但在可信度为90％的前提下，三个因素影响都不显著；首次将波纹型仿生曲面应用于与土壤作用方式以挤压为主的螺旋桩，形成仿生螺旋桩，并与普通螺旋桩进行了沉桩对比试验，表明波纹型仿生曲面应用于螺旋桩桩体表面具有明显的降阻作用。

Based on the data analysis and numerical simulation, the Arctic sea ice climate variability was researched, the result were as following:(1) The analysis on the seasonal cycle of the Arctic Ocean and atmosphere showed that: The seasonal surface wind is somewhat trade wind like in some regions in the Arctic. The surface air temperature is robustly determined from the underlying environments such as sea ice and Greenland glaciers. In the sea ice region the precipitation rate is larger than that of evaporation. Furthermore, the Arctic Ocean hydrology is profoundly influenced by the surrounding rivers discharge. These are the decisive factors on the ocean salinity pattern. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait is larger in winter than in summer. From the 40s in the 20th century on, the ice volume flux has an increasing trend. The Arctic rivers flood season is about the melt period, the winter rivers discharge has a significant increasing. Correlation analysis shows that 7 to 10 years is a characteristic time scale that rivers discharge leads Fram Strait ice volume export.(2) Considering 9 major arctic rivers, the Arctic Ocean circulation was simulated through BOM. The result shows that: The BOM can reproduce the main Arctic Ocean circulation pattern. The"Islandization"which is commonly used in OGCMs to treat the North Pole, not only influences the ocean current near the pole, but also influences the current in the Northern Atlantic Ocean, thus the bogus island might influence global climate through thermohaline circulation in the Atlantic Ocean.

在资料分析和数值模拟的基础上，对北极海冰的气候变率进行了深入的研究，结果如下：(1)对北极地区大气和海洋季节循环特征的分析表明，气候平均风场在部分地区具有&信风&的性质；而气温场与海冰分布及格陵兰半岛冰原的下垫面特征有密切关系；在北极海冰区的降水量大于蒸发量，并且在全球大洋中北冰洋受到河流径流的影响最大，对北冰洋的盐度分布有决定作用；通过弗瑞姆海峡的海冰通量在冬半年大于夏半年，并且从20世纪40年代起，海冰的体积输送有增加趋势；北极河流的汛期主要在融化季节，冬季的河流流量有显著增加的趋势；相关分析表明7到10年是北极河流流量影响弗瑞姆海峡海冰体积输送的一个特征时间尺度；(2)采用BOM海洋模式对北冰洋海洋环流进行了模拟研究，在模式中考虑了北极9条主要河流的作用，结果表明该海洋模式可以较好模拟出北冰洋海洋环流的基本特征；多数大洋环流模式采用&北极岛化&的方法处理北极点，模拟结果表明&北极岛化&不仅影响到极点附近的海流，还会对相对较远的北大西洋海流造成影响，并可能通过大西洋的热盐环流对全球气候产生影响；(3)采用CSIM4海冰模式对北极海冰的气候态进行了模拟。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。