行政

Administrative power has received people's extensive concern as common power," Administrative Procedure Law " limits the scope of accepting cases of the administrative case in the concrete administration's behavioral category, a large number of abstract administrative behaviors existing will be excluded in and realistic, this is a piece of very great gaps and omissions on the system.

行政权力作为公权力受到了人们的广泛关注，《行政诉讼法》把行政案件的受案范围限定在具体行政行为的范畴，而将现实中大量存在的抽象行政行为排除在外，这在制度上是一个很大的缺漏。

The main contents are: the methods of concluding administrative contract; the principle that concluding administrative contract shall obey, such as principle of participation, principle of legality, principle of equality and freedom, principle of efficiency, principle of good faith and principle of equivalent procedure burden; basic systems of administrative contract's conclusion, such as system of hearings, system of sequence, system of notification, system of publicity, system of functional separation, system of recusation, and system of prescription; procedural rights and obligations of both parties.

主要内容包括：第一，行政契约的缔结所应遵循的原则，主要从一般和特殊两个角度探讨了以下几个主要原则：参与原则，合法原则，平等自由原则，效率原则，诚实信用原则，适于行政需要原则和程序负担均衡原则；第二，怎样缔结行政契约，其方式如何；第三，行政契约缔结的步骤；第四，行政契约缔结的基本制度，主要包括：顺序制度，告知制度，信息公开制度，职能分离制度，回避制度和时效制度；第五，缔约双方的程序性权利义务各有哪些。

Administrative arbitration is to point to the administrative controversy that jurisdictional executive authority is opposite in-house happening lawfully with the identity of a third party to make a kind of administration that final administration adjudicates on

见教材第42页相应的教师教学用书(见教参第97页)作了这样的解释：行政仲裁是指有管辖权的行政机关以第三者的身份依法对内部发生的行政争议做出最终行政裁决的一种行政

Traffic accident responsibility cognizance is a sort of administrative arbitration behavior and this behavior is a sort of concrete administrative behavior conducted by a administrative department, and embodies the administrative law relation; but essentially it arbitrates civil dissension, and embodies civil law relation, so it is administratively non-adior1able.

公安机关的交通事故责任认定是一种行政裁决行为，该行为形式上是行政机关作出的一种具体行政行为，体现为行政法律关系，但实质上是裁决民事纠纷，体现为民事法律关系，具有行政非诉性

To start with this article cogitates the characters of administrative authority and looks back on the origin and development of administrative law, and secondly this article restates that administrative law is a department law to control administrative authority and to regulate the running of administrative authority through introducing and reviewing the administrative law of main countries.

本论文首先从把握行政权的特性、追溯行政法的产生与发展的历史入手，同时通过对法、德、英、美、日西方主要国家及我国行政法基本内容的简介和分析，重申行政法是控制行政权力、规范行政权运行的部门法；并进一步认为，现代行政法是通过对行政权力的界定与确认、对行政程序的设置与规定、对行政上的法律责任的归结与明确的方式与机制实施对行政权力的驾驭的。

The administration supervision is a main type of inside administrative controls, it is a special department which set up in the administrative system and supervises the national administrative organ, national civil servant and other national personnel in carrying out the law and regulations, policy and determine, with supervision function, and investigates and prosecutes the activities breaking the law, activities against discipline.

行政监察是内部行政监督的一种主要类型，它是指依法设置在行政系统内部的专司监督职能的机关对国家行政机关、国家公务员和国家行政机关任命的其他人员执行国家法律、法规、政策和决定、命令的情况进行监督，并对违法、违纪行为予以查处的活动。

The experiment of Relatively centralizing of administrative punishment aimed at solving the confusion of administrative punishment in the public administration field, redounding to cut the administrative organ and make the administrative punishment lawful.

实行相对集中行政处罚权试点旨在解决行政管理领域中比较混乱的行政处罚行为，根源于行政机构精简和行政处罚执法法治化的要求。

Using such key concepts as"aret〓","practice", and"practical reason", critically integrating related theories and thoughts from philosophy, ethics, sociology, psychology, pedagogics, politics, etc. this thesis systematically analyzed public administrator's discretion and professional autonomy, responsibilities, duties and professional virtues, and the theoretical basis and methodology for construction of public administrative ethics.

本文借用亚里士多德的德性论传统的一些基本概念，包括&德性&、&实践&、&实践理性&，批判性地综合运用哲学、伦理学、行政学、政治学、社会学、心理学、教育学等多学科的相关研究成果，对行政人的裁量权与专业自主性、行政人的责任与义务、行政人应当具备的专业美德、行政伦理建设的依据与方法等基本问题，进行了系统的讨论。

A comparative research on the ombudsmen institution may undertake in two aspects :One is the comparative research on norms, such as qualifications, organs, mechanisms, jurisdictions and power limits; Another is the comparative research on functions, namely, its special characteristics and indisplaceable status are demonstrated through the comparative study between the ombudsman institution and the parliament supervision, the judicial supervision and the internal supervision.

行政监察专员制度的比较研究可以从两个方面进行：一是进行规范比较，即对行政监察专员的任职资格、组织机构、运行机制、职责范围、权力界限等进行系统的、全面的比较分析；二是进行功能比较，矾究和阐述行政监察专员制度与议会监督机制、司法救济机制、行政机关内部救济机制的关系，从中总结出行政监察专员制度的独特品质及其无可替代的地位与功能。

To solve the problems existing in the present sys- tem of administrative enforcement of law, we need to strengthen governmental responsibility, establish administration cost control mechanism, transform governmental functions, advancing the publicity of administrative law enforcement information and strengthen legalize...

解决现存行政执法体系中存在的问题，使行政执法体系真正符合法治政府的要求，需要从强化政府责任、建立行政成本控制机制、转变政府职能、推进行政执法信息公开制度和加强行政许可法制化五个方面入手。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。