行政

The thesis will begin with the introduction of counterpart of English judicial review. According to the unscramble of counterpart prejudication in the history of Britain, I will abstract the logic category of "administrative discretion------the principle of reasonableness", and based on the logic category, I will point out that if want to justify the review of court on the administrative discretion such as "misuse of authority"and "apparently inequitable administrative punishment", we must induct the principle of reasonableness. And based on the material of concrete cases, I will analyze that there still are states of unreasonable execution of administrative discretion in the rest representations of unlawfulness in the 54th provision of our statute law of administrative litigation.

本文首先考察英国合理性审查原则的相关制度，通过解读英国历史上重要相关判例，提炼出"行政裁量权——合理性审查原则"这一逻辑规范范畴，并以此范畴为切入视角，指出，要在理论上正当化法院对"滥用职权"和"显失公正行政处罚"等行政裁量权的司法审查，必须引入合理性审查原则，并以具体案例为材料，通过分析得出，在《行政诉讼法》第54 条的其他违法表现形式中，都有行政裁量权不合理行使的情形存在，并指出，产生这种现象的原因是，《行政诉讼法》第54 条规定的七种违法表现形式采取的是不同的分类标准。

Chapter four:the system info of Japanese administrative process theory.With the comprehensive and dynamic review method for administrative process,this chapter analyses the system info of Japanese administrative process theory from 6 aspects,including division relativizing of public and private law,conversion of essential nomocracy ism,transform of administrative law methodology,reconstruction of administrative law system,evolution of administrative action theory, improving of station and function of administrative private party.

第四章"日本行政过程论的理论体系"，该部分以对行政过程的全面、动态考察方法为核心，从公私法区分的相对化、实质法治主义的转换、行政法学方法论的变革、行政法体系的重构、行政行为理论的发展、行政过程中相对人地位及作用的提高六个方面构建日本行政过程论的理论体系。

I."Brief Introduction of the administrative procedure". In this part, first of all, the current study situation regarding the administrative procedures in the domain of the Administrative Law is introduced, and achievements on the study of the administrative procedures in China and western countries briefed. Secondly, the leagal value of the system of administrative procedures is set forth from three points of view: the implications, value and functions of the Administrative Procedural System.

第一、"行政程序的概述"，这一部分中首先介绍了当前行政法领域关于行政程序的研究现状，并列举了西方国家关于行政程的研究成果和我国行政程序研究的成果；其次，从行政程序制度的含义、价值、功能的角度阐述行政程序的法律价值。

Therefore, during the process of constructing administrative culture in china,on the base of adding glory to the traditional administrative culture advantage, unprogressive administration notion should be abandoned, the scientific administration awareness and administration belief be cultured,the administrative culture should be institutionalized and conventionalize,and the administrative information be brought into the open.

我国建设行政文化，在发扬传统行政文化优势的基础上，应该清除落后的行政思想观念，培养科学的行政意识和行政信念，并且将行政文化制度化、习俗化，行政信息公开化。

In the course of the formation of the administrative rule, the concept put forward above will be advantageous to the completion of the administrative procedure, promotion of democratization of the administration and sustaining development of the legal relation of administration.

在行政法治建设中，行政相关人观念的确立及其制度化，将有利于完善行政程序和救济法制，促进行政民主化和参与型行政建设，维护行政法律关系的持续稳定和健康发展。

A new concept of administrative boundary is put forward, and it is argued that the administrative system reform in China should be first of all performed as the restructuring of admi...

以行政边界和行政组织边界&两重边界的重构&为理论基础，提出我国行政体制改革首先在宏观上表现为行政边界的重构，其次在中观层面上要求行政组织边界作出相应的调整，以解决行政组织结构对行政效率的制约。

There are quite a number of cases of those contracts implemented in our administrative management in administrative practice though their legal status is still unclear. The emergence of administrative contract, in some sense, is the result of such a process as the following: the role of administrative laws moves from autarchic tool to administrative means and to the control of administrative power and maintenance or protection of legal rights of the citizens; it is also a moderate and flexible administration means established to substitute high-rank administration under the democratic conception. This special contract, undoubtedly, has become the best means for the government to supervise market economy in a democratic way.

尽管它的法律地位仍不明确，但在行政实践中已有大量的行政合同运用于我们的行政管理，可以说，行政合同的产生是行政法从专制的工具向管理的手段、再向对行政权力的控制和对公民合法权益维护的发展结果，也是民主理念下建立起来的一种替代高权行政的更加柔和并富有弹性的行政管理手段，无疑，行政合同已经成为国家对市场经济进行民主管理的最佳方式。

The policy should reform the wage and non-income distributions in different kinds of administrative monopoly departments, reduced the effect of administrative monopoly power on income distribution. The policy should not only broaden the human capital return, but also reduice the inconsequence income gap between different departments. The income structure\'s optimization should include appropriate ratio of wage and non-wage income, the increacement of the income items\' explicitness, standardization, competitory and its encouraging function. The policy should also establish the management mechanism between the price of administrative monopoly product and the increment of administrative monopoly department\'s capital; prevent the problem of income gap by the welfear depression effect of administrative monopoly department.

行政垄断收入分配差距的治理必须首先针对行政垄断部门类型，改革其工资和非工资性收入分配制度，降低行政垄断因素在收入分配中所起的作用；在解决部门内部人力资本回报差距平均化倾向的同时降低行政垄断和非垄断部门间收入差距非合理扩大的状况；优化收入结构，有效处理工资和非工资性收入之间的关系，增加收入项目的透明度和规范性，提高其竞争性和激励作用；建立行政垄断产品提价与行政垄断部门增资的有效管理机制，防止由于行政垄断部门收入对市场福利侵占而导致的收入差距扩大。

In allusion to the current situation that the administrative reconsideration law is implemented unsatisfiedly in China, it is necessary to set the principle of adverse alteration prohibition in administrative reconsideration procedure in accordance with the judicial remedy procedure and alien administrative remedy practice. The principle has its special meaning, character and applying rules. It doesn't disobey the legal principle of current constitution and governmental organic law and the principle o...

针对目前我国行政复议法实施不尽人意的现状，有必要参照司法救济程序和域外的行政救济实践，在我国行政复议程序中确立不利变更禁止原则；行政复议中的不利变更禁止原则有其特定的含义、特征和适用规则；在行政复议程序中确立不利变更禁止原则并不违背现行宪法和政府组织法的立法宗旨，也不会冲击依法行政原则，相反，却有利于保护行政相对人的复议申请权和充分发挥行政复议制度的功能。

The experienced government enforces the law an activity in, only have a realization by law administration, enforce the law strictly, fair enforce the law, then can carry out the democratization of the working talent and administration management of the administration management, scientific;Strengthen organization and administration of the administration organization a staff member troops construction;The exactitude which promises an administration power exercises and prevent°froes abusing;Promise the legal rights of citizen, legal person and other organization.

在行政执法活动中，只有实现依法行政、严格执法、公正执法，才能实现行政管理职能和行政管理的民主化、科学化；加强行政机关组织和行政工作人员队伍建设；保证行政权力的正确行使和防止滥用；保证公民、法人和其它组织的合法权益。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。