花粉囊

As the male gametophyte, pollen delivers sperm to the embryo sac for fertilization by pollen-tube polarized growth.

花粉作为种子植物的雄配子体，通过萌发后极性生长的花粉管将精细胞送到胚囊完成受精作用。

The influences of INA were as follows: The mulcher of pollen parietes was disintegrated or disappeared in certain section and even the entire extine was deleted. The injuries of organelles in the pollen were demonstrated by plastosome peplos imperfect, vesicle sterility; concentric circles of the endoplasmic reticulum or fold arranged, to form the membranal inclusions by enwrapping part of the cytoplasm, and decrease of ribosome amount.

INA细菌对花粉的超微结构的影响表现为：使花粉壁的覆盖层在某些区域解体消失或整个花粉外壁缺失；使花粉中的细胞器受到破坏，包括线粒体被膜不完整，嵴呈囊泡状；内质网呈同心圆卷绕或折叠状排列包围部分细胞质而形成膜内含物；核糖体数量明显减少等。

In Gastrochilus the lip is semiglobose-saccate with indistinct side-lobes and a much larger mid-lobe, the column is footless and the pollinia are porate, while in Saccolabium the lip is cylindrical-spurred with indistinct side-lobes and a small mid-lobe, the column has a short foot and the pollinia are solid.

盆距兰属的唇瓣为半球形囊状，侧裂片不明显，中裂片甚大；蕊柱无足；花粉团具孔隙。囊唇兰属的唇瓣为圆筒状距形，侧裂片明显，中裂片很小；蕊柱有短足；花粉团实心。

In first stage,from the beginning of pollination to megaspore tetrad,pollen tubes grow axially,passing through gynostemium to the ovary and from proximal placenta along ovary wall develop upward.

花粉在柱头上萌发和生长后，花粉管沿着花柱一直延伸到子房，进入胚囊释放精细胞，实现精卵结合，这就是亲和受精过程[1]。

Monosomic 3, monosomic 5, monosomic 10, trisomic 4 and trisomic 5 as experiment materials, their meiosis behavior of pollen mother cell, pollen characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics of anther, section observation of pollen development and the structure of embryo sac were studied, and the effects on the seed set and transmission rate were analyzed.

本文以大白菜同源四倍体小孢子培养产生的且已鉴定为3号单体、5号单体、10号单体、4号初级三体、5号初级三体的非整倍体株系及二倍体株系等为试材，对各材料的结籽率、雄配子传递率进行了统计，并对花粉母细胞减数分裂行为、花粉特性、花粉发育和胚囊结构以及花药生理生化特性等方面进行了观察研究，进而分析了其对大白菜单体n-1雄配子和三体n+1雄配子传递率的影响。

Morphology of sexual reproduction abortion in'High Noon', a distant hybridization cultivar of tree peonies(P.delavayi var. lutea×P. suffruticasa), was systematically investigated with light microscopy and cross. The results indicated that:(1)The stamens matured earlier than the gynoecia and pollens dispersed at the early stage of anthesis but the rate of normal 2-celled pollens were merely 2.41%.

采用光镜和杂交等方法对牡丹远缘杂交一代品种'正午'有性生殖败育进行系统形态学观察发现：(1)雄蕊较雌蕊先成熟，初花期即散粉，正常2-细胞花粉仅占2·41%，且花粉在多种培养液中、在自身和其它两种柱头上均不萌发；柱头在谢花期大量分泌粘液，进入最佳授粉状态；(2)同一胚珠中多个大孢子母细胞减数分裂高度不同步，胚囊发育与受精延迟，部分胚乳游离核在细胞化时期分裂异常；(3)自花及品种内异花授粉不结实，天然授粉结实率为0·053‰~0·130‰。

The sac structure projected through the pollen aperture possesses the typical nature of transfer cell, i. e complex lybrinthian wall ingrowth and abundant mitochondria, RER, dicotysomes and ribosomes under the wall. Its outer surface is closely related to the tapetal protoplast. The accumulation of storaged material in pollen start at the area near the apertures. Above restults indicate the pollen apertures may be the"door"from where nutrition flows into pollen in P. hortorum.

绒毡层物质向花粉粒的短途运输明显的表现在花粉的萌发孔区，一方面形成向外突起的囊腔，另一方面在这里具有发达的壁迷宫，而且迷宫下具丰富的线粒体，RER和高尔基体等细胞器，此外花粉内贮藏物的大量积累首先从萌发孔附近开始以及萌发孔处与绒毡层有紧密接触都说明天竺葵花粉萌发孔可能是物质进入花粉的&门户&。

Grazers suggested,but did not prove, that the grazers had removed

在存在大量食草动物的同时却只有少量的水藻花粉囊，这暗示出——但没能证明——食草

Uggested,but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the alga

e。 在存在大量食草动物的同时却只有少量的水藻花粉囊，这暗示出——但没能证明——食

A low bulk of algal cells in the presence of a high bulk of grazers suggested,but did not prove, those the grazers had rearoused maximum of the algae.

在存在大量食草动物的同时却只有少量的水藻花粉囊，这暗示出--但没能证明--食草动物已吞噬了大部份水藻。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。