花粉囊

Due to effect of temperature, the differentiation of clinandrium began when bud were about 1.6-2 mm, after then all buds differentiated clinandriums, and one anther could differentiate to 1 ~ 4 clinandriums in which there were microspores which in stage from tetrad to mature pollen grains.

由于温度的影响，1.6～2mm大小的花蕾开始出现花粉囊的分化，以后各大小的蕾都分化了个数不等的花粉囊，一个花药可分化出1～4个花粉囊，可见到自四分体到成熟花粉粒的各阶段小孢子。

But they were partial sterile, had 1～4 pollen sacs in each anther and had relative bigger petals and stamens at lower temperature situation. The RGCMS plants were complete sterile at the both temperature situations, and there was no pollen sac differentiation and had smaller peta...

表现核质不育的植株，在高温条件下，花瓣小，表现彻底的polCMS不育，无花粉囊的分化；在低温条件下，花瓣变大，也表现彻底雄性不育，具有核、质不育的共同特点，每个花药可分化出 1～ 4个花粉囊，但无可育花粉，其雄性败育时期和特点与S45A和 117A相同。

The DGCMS plants were complete sterile at the both temperature situations, and there was no pollen sac differentiation and had smaller petals and stamens at the higher temperature situation, but there were 1～4 pollen sacs in each anther and had bigger petals and stamens at the lower temperature situation. The cytological characteristics of the anther development were the same as that of GMS plants in Yi-3AB.

表现质核不育的植株，在高温条件下，花瓣小，表现彻底的pol CMS不育，无花粉囊的分化，在低温条件下，花瓣变大，也表现彻底雄性不育，具有核、质不育的共同特点，每个花药可分化出1～4个花粉囊，但无可育花粉，其雄性败育时期和特点与宜3A相同。

They were partial sterile, had 1～3 pollen sacs in each anther and had relative bigger petals and stamens at lower temperature situation. The DGCMS plants were complete sterile at the both temperature situations, and there was no pollen sac differentiation and had smaller petals and stamens ...

表现质核不育的植株，在高温条件下，花瓣小，表现彻底的 pol CMS不育，无花粉囊的分化；在低温条件下，花瓣变大，也表现彻底雄性不育，具有核、质不育的共同特点，每个花药可分化出 1～ 4个花粉囊，但无可育花粉，其雄性败育时期和特点与宜 3A相同

Morphological and cytological observations showed that the pol CMS plants in DGCMS-Yi-3A were complete male sterile, had no pollen sac differentiation and had smaller petals and stamens at higher temperature situation. They were partial sterile, had 1～3 pollen sacs in each anther and had relative bigger petals and stamens at lower temperature situation.

花器形态和花药发育的解剖学观察结果表明，DGCMS-宜3A中表现波里马细胞质雄性不育的植株，其花器形态和花药发育的解剖学特点与pol CMS相同，即在高温条件下，花瓣较小，表现彻底不育，无花粉囊的分化，在低温条件下，花瓣变大，表现部分雄性不育，可分化出1～4个花粉囊，并产生一定数量可育花粉。

Morphological and cytological observations showed that the pol CMS plants in DGCMS Yi 3A were complete male sterile, had no pollen sac differentiation and had smaller petals and stamens at higher temperature situation.

花器形态和花药发育的解剖学观察结果表明，DGCMS-宜 3A中表现波里马细胞质雄性不育的植株，其花器形态和花药发育的解剖学特点与 pol CMS相同，即在高温条件下，花瓣较小，表现彻底不育，无花粉囊的分化；在低温条件下，花瓣变大，表现部分雄性不育，可分化出 1～ 4个花粉囊，并产生一定数量可育花粉。

Morphological and anatomical observationsshowed that the pol CMS plants in DGCMS-Yi-3A were complete sterile and hadno pollen sac differention at higher temperature condition,and were partialsterile and had 1-3 pollen sacs in each anther at lower temperature condition.

花器形态和花药发育的解剖观察表明，DGCMS-宜3A中表现波里马细胞质雄性不育的植株在高温条件下表现为彻底雄性不育，无花粉囊的分化；在低温条件下，表现部分雄性不育，可分化出1-3个花粉囊，产生少量可育花粉。

Morphological and anatomical observations showed that the pol CMS plants in RGCMS?117A or RGCMS S45A were complete male sterile ,had no pollen sac differentiation and had smaller petals and stamens at higher temperature situation.

花器形态和花药发育的解剖学观察表明，RGCMS S45A和RGCMS 117A中表现波里马细胞质雄性不育的植株，其花器形态和花药发育的解剖学特点与polCMS相同，即在高温条件下，花瓣较小，表现彻底不育，无花粉囊的分化；在低温条件下，花瓣变大，表现部分雄性不育，可分化出 1～ 4个花粉囊，并产生一定数量可育花粉。

The results show that: Each anther has four pollen sac, anthers from the epidermis, medicine room wall, the middle, composed of the tapetum, Mature middle and all the disintegration of tapetum; is symmetrical tetrad type, pollen is a 2 - cell-type pollen; in anther culture lei check standards should be time for about 3-4mm.

研究结果表明：每个花药具备4个花粉囊，花药由表皮、药室内壁、中层、绒毡层组成，成熟后中层和绒毡层都解体；四分体属左右对称型，花粉属2-细胞型花粉粒；在进行花药培养时取蕾标准应为3-4mm左右。关键词：铃兰；花药；解剖

The RGCMSplants in RGCMS-117A or S45A were complete male sterile at the bothtemperature conditions,and there was no pollen sac differentiation at thehigher temperature condition and there were 1-3 pollen sacs in each anther atthe lower temperature condition,but the anther development was inhibited atthe stage of microspore.

表现核质不育的植株，在高温条件下表现彻底波里马细胞质雄性不育，无花粉囊分化；在低温条件下，也表现彻底雄性不育，具核、质不育的共同特点，每个花药可分化出1-3个花粉囊，但无可育花粉，其雄性败育时期和特点与S45A和117A相同。

Means the parent directory, so this command means to execute "toolchain.sh," which is in the current directory.

代表父目录，所以这个命令就是执行当前目录下的"toolchain.sh"。

Yes,In fact,I'm on our city ream.

是的。事实上我是我们市队的。