自由主义

PartⅣdiscussed Palmerston"s governing style and with the British Liberal Party and liberalism"s integration.

第四部分，论述自由主义的执政风格及帕麦斯顿与英国自由党和自由主义的融合。

Palmerston conformed to the British industrialized society, performed the idea which transformed by Bentham in 19th century British liberalisms specific peace, the gradual change, and implement the compromise of landed aristocracy and political interests of the industrial bourgeois economic interests; and he made his choice for the practical needs.

帕麦斯顿顺应了英国工业化社会的要求，演绎了被边沁改造过的19世纪英国自由主义所特有的和平、渐进式变革的理念，实现了贵族地主的政治利益和工业资产阶级的经济利益的渐进妥协；并基于现实需要对自由主义理论进行了取舍。

For the effects of the disenchantment of the world, men used a kind of tools of reasoning and calculation, denying the pre-existence of the value, to pick up the elements of liberalism, such as people's subjectivity, the existence of plaralistic value and so on.

人类在社会理性化过程中达到了为世界祛魅的效果，运用一种推理与计算的工具，否认价值的先在性，从而得出人的主体性、多元价值的存在、价值中立等自由主义的元素，使得自由主义成为现代社会最基本的意识形态和最基本的组织房、则。

So, on this basis, it was indifferent between "positive liberalism and negative liberalism", also between "conservation and radicalness".

以中国文化为本位，便无所谓"积极的自由主义"或"消极的自由主义"，亦无所谓保守或激进。

Such findings basically substantiate the previous liberal explanations of ethnic/national development, i.e., liberalism can be the foundation of ethnic awareness, of secessionism and of nationalism.

这结果基本上印证了过去族群民族发展的自由主义解释：自由主义可以成为群体意识的来源、分离主义的理据和民族主义的基础。

In the light of these considerations we can say that, on the one hand, liberalism decidedly has a voice in the political situation of ourtime; on the otherhand, however, today the ideas of autonomous, immanent reason and of the autonomous subject of economics are scarcely alive and fruitful; thus, the classical liberalism of the secularist and bourgeois-capitalist stamp may be pronounced dead.

鉴于这些思考，我们可以说，一方面自由主义无疑是在我们这个时代的政治形势下的一种声音；但是另一方面，今天那种关于自主、内在的理性的观念，以及经济学主体自主的观念基本上已是奄奄一息，进展全无。因此，我们可以宣告以世俗主义和中产阶级—资本家为印记的古典自由主义的死亡。

Before liberation the whole China had belonged to semicolonial and semi-feudalsociety.This country and her people were suffering loss and sustaining injury. Peopleinitiated ceaseless nationalism and furious political battle. Face this circumstance, theflower of freedom lost cultural soil. The soil cannot give peaceful and steadydevelopment for liberalism,on the contrary, it can provide opportunity for thedevelopment of extreme activism and stubborn conservatism.This is exactly a rootreason that the liberalism atrophy over a long period of time, or so reel, can't stand firma heel in China.

从整体上看，近代中国仍处于半殖民地、半封建社会的历史条件下，一场接一场的民族救亡运动和激烈对抗的社会政治斗争，不可能造就自由的花朵所需要的文化土壤，不可能给自由主义以和平渐进的稳步发展，只能给极端的激进主义和固执的保守主义以无限发展的可能，这正是自由主义长期萎缩，左右摇摆，不能在中国站稳脚跟的一个根本原因。

Between 30～40s in 19th century, a group of the liberal intellectual encircled about Slav school and Western school, and from then it has established two wings of the Russia liberalism conservative and the radical pattern.

到19世纪30～40年代，以斯拉夫派和西方派为中心聚集了一大批带有自由主义观点的知识分子，并由此奠定了俄国自由主义保守与激进的两翼格局。

Under the impulseof CatherineⅡand Alexander, the liberalism idea had been closed with an official, aristocrat"s tinct, and "the government liberalism gradually turned into among the Russian politics tradition henceforth.

在叶卡捷琳娜二世和亚历山大一世的推动下，自由主义思想在蒙上了一层官方的、贵族的色彩后被接受下来，"政府自由主义"逐渐成为俄国政治传统的一个组成部分。

Liberalism is regarded as against the autocratically monarchical power in its early appearance in which Spinoza,Locke are the early representatives of that thought.

自由主义是近代以来在西方影响最大的政治思潮。自由主义是作为反对专制王权的思想运动而出现的。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。