细菌

A clone from each genotype was randomly selected as representative for sequencing. The obtained 16S rDNA gene sequences had a similarity of 87%-100% with those in the GenBank (www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov), and more than half of them had a similarity lower than 97%, being of new species. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the bacteria in the two soils were classified into 10 groups, with 5 groups in common. The dominant bacterial groups in the two soils differed obviously. In primeval forest soil, the dominant group was Proteobacteria, which had 39 genotypes, occupying 58.0% of all the clones; while in the soil of degraded ecosystem the dominant groups were Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria, which had 19 and 15 genotypes occupying 32.5% and 30.5% of all the clones, respectively. In the soil of degraded ecosystem, Proteobacteria group decreased while Acidobacteria group increased markedly, compared with those in primeval forest soil.

从每种基因型中随机选择一个克隆子作为代表进行测序分析，所有序列与GenBank数据库中序列的同源性为87%~100%，且两样地中均有超过一半的基因型序列与数据库中已知序列同源性低于97%，属于分类在"种"地位上的新发现细菌；通过系统发育研究将两样地的细菌分为10大类群，两样地共同拥有5大类群，但两样地的细菌优势类群明显不同，原生土壤为Proteobacteria，含39种基因型，占总克隆子数的58.0%，退化生态系统土壤为Acidobacteria和Proteobacteria，分别含19种和15种基因型，占总克隆子数的32.5%和30.5%；与原生土壤细菌类群相比，退化生态系统土壤Proteobacteria类群明显减少，Acidobacteria类群明显增加。

In bacteria from surfaces of sea squirt's tunics and their adhesive substrates, dominant colonies are Pseudomonas, while Aeromonas are primary in bacteria from water.

将这9株细菌分别制成不同的单种细菌黏膜及9种细菌混合黏膜，检测细菌黏膜对冠瘤海鞘幼体附着和变态的影响。

To sum up, the research for the first time ascertained INA species in apricot trees and their activities by using the rational method to imatate the temperature dropping process in frost nights--computer temperature controlling with semiconductor cooling and artificial frost box with self-recording. Studies were given to responds of INA to freezing temperature of floral organs, biochemical cold resistance parameters, contents of ABA and IAA, chlorophyll fluorescent parameters of young fruits and tissue structure and ultrastructure of apricot. The mechnism of INA induced frost injury of apricot was found out. And it was demonstrated that INA is a critical factor in the inducing and aggravation frost injury of apricot floral organs.

综上所述，本研究采用能够准确模拟自然界霜夜降温过程的较为理想的方法——半导体致冷电脑控温和自动记录的人工霜箱，首次查明了10个杏树品种上INA细菌种类和冰核活性，从INA细菌对杏树花器官过冷却点、抗寒生理生化指标、激素ABA、IAA含量、幼果叶绿素荧光参数以及组织结构和超微结构的影响等方面进行了系统深入的研究，阐明了INA细菌诱发杏树霜冻害的机理，证明了INA细菌是诱发和加重杏花霜冻害的重要因素。

The effects of removal of organic nitrogen by different ammonibacterium were compared and the scale to the quantity of organic nitrogen which consumed by ammonibacterium is the quantity of ammoniacal nitrogen which is produced.

结果表明，芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属为人工湿地中氨化细菌的优势菌属；氨化细菌-1、氨化细菌-2及氨化细菌-5对有机氮的去除效果相对较好，分别达到46.2%、49.4%和52.6%。

Results Positive rate of Amsel was 28%, one step sialidase was 34%, Gram-stain was 30% and amines was 24%. Using Amsel as criterion, the sensitivity of one step sialidase and amines was 92.9% and 71.4%; specificity was 88.9% and 94.4%; positive predictive value was 76.5% and 83.3% negative predictive value was 97% and 89.5%, using Gram-stain method as criterion, the sensitivity of one step sialidase and amines was 93.8% and 66.7%, specificity was 92.1% and 94.3%, positive predictive value was 83.3% and 83.3%, negative predictive value was 97.2% and 86.8% respectively.

Amsel法阳性率28%，组织多胺试验阳性率24%，一步法唾液酸酶活性的检测试验阳性率34%，革兰染色细菌评分法阳性率30%；唾液酸酶活性检测法与Amsel法，革兰染色细菌评分法相比较差异无显著性；组织多胺试验与Amsel法，革兰染色细菌评分法相比较差异无显著性；以Amsel法为标准，一步法唾液酸酶活性检测法和组织多胺试验的灵敏度分别为92.9%和71.4%，特异性分别为88.9%和94.4%，阳性预期值分别为76.5%和83.3%，阴性预期值分别为97.0%和89.5%；以革兰染色细菌评分法为标准，一步法唾液酸酶活性检测法和组织多胺试验的灵敏度分别为93.8%和66.7%，特异性分别为92.1%和94.3%，阳性预期值都为83.3%，阴性预期值分别为97.2%和86.8%。

The distribution of tdr in 226 species of Gram-negative bacteria varies, for example, 27% bacteria have not tdr genes, while 15.5% bacteria fromα-orγ-Proteobacteria or Bacteroides have over 30 tdr. As a result, Tdrxoo might specially function in these bacteria.

在所分析的226种G~-细菌中，tdr基因分布存在差异，27％的细菌不具有tdr基因，但是15.5％的细菌具有30个以上的tdr基因，这些细菌绝大部分属于α或γ-变形菌纲或者拟杆菌属。

Through the experiment of macromolecules (such as starch, fat, protein, cellulose)degradation we can get 17 effective bacterium, 6 in the calefactive, 4 at the high-temperature, and 7in the depressed-temperature phase.

2通过大分子物质(淀粉、油脂、蛋白质、纤维素)降解试验，筛选出降解能力较强的细菌17株，其中升温阶段细菌6株，高温阶段细菌4株，降温阶段细菌7株。

To study the growth factor called medium that makes bacteriabreed rapidly and to identify the bacteria within the same system so as to prevent resistant strains. Methods Bacteria were cultured in V type medium and i dentification and drug susceptibility tests were performed.

通过对促细菌快速生长繁殖因子即细菌培养基成分进行科学配比研究，促使细菌能快速生长繁殖，并在同一体系内同时对细菌进行鉴定防止耐药菌株泛滥作了初步探讨[1，2]。

Study of kinetic antibacterial activities of QJ2 against pathogen W-1 was tested by viable bacteria counts and absorbency at 600nm: 106～ 107 cfu/mL cells of W-1 began to decrease in 15 min after mixing with CFS(cell free-supernatant) of QJ2; the bacterial counts decreased to a minimum at 4h, and the numbers of bacteria began to increase after 6h. The cells of QJ2 did not show any sensitivity to its inhibitory substances in CFS. The size of active molecule in the CFS of QJ2 was smaller than 8000 Da by measuring the inhibitory activities of the fluid inside and outside the dialysis cellulose tubing. QJ2 was identified as Flavobacterium ordaratum by traditional morphological and biochemical method and API-20 identification system.

并对拮抗菌QJ2的拮抗作用进行了研究，结果为：QJ2有广泛的弧菌抗菌谱，对37株弧菌的抗菌阳性率达到89.2%(33/37)；用活菌平板计数法和O.D.600nm研究了QJ2培养物的去细胞上清液与病原菌W-1的作用动力学，15min时W-1的细菌数便开始减少，4h时细菌数最少，6h后开始增加，而对照组的细菌数呈逐渐上升趋势；QJ2对自身的拮抗物质不敏感；QJ2抗性物质的分子量不大于8000Da；经常规生理生化方法和API-20细菌快速鉴定系统鉴定，QJ2为气味黄杆菌。

Six bacteria and five mildews have been separated from 119 strains, wliich grew well on the culture media contained lignin. The result of taxonomic identification is that XI, X2 and X3 belong to Pseudomonas, X4 and X5 belong to Xanihomonas, X6 belongs to Mycoplana. A preliminary study has been carried out on the capacity of lignin degradation of the 6strains of bacteria, and strains X2 and X4 were chose to carry out the experiments. The most favorable temperature for the 2 strains is 30癈, and the pH is 7; After being treated by ultraviolet rays, activity of all the three kinds of lignin-degrading enzyme produced by the strains can be increased greatly, the bacteria increasing rate is remarkably improved.

从119个菌株中分离筛选出了6株细菌和5株霉菌，它们可以在含有木质素的培养基上良好生长：细菌分类学鉴定结果为X1、X2和X3：假单胞菌属，X4和X5：黄单胞杆菌属，X6：枝动杆菌属；对6株细菌降解木质素性能进行了初步的研究，选定X2和X4为实验用菌种，两株菌适宜的生长温度为30℃，最适初始pH值为7；经紫外线照射诱变法处理，可使它们产生的三种木素分解酶活性均有明显的提高，细菌增长速率比诱变前明显提高。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。