级联

This dissertation has studied various architectures of Sigma-Delta modulator systematically. According to power dissipation, stability and circuit implementation, a 2-2 cascade architecture is introduced. Oversampling ratio is 32. The attenuation factors of each integrator and interstage coefficients are obtained from behavioral simulation.

本论文系统地研究了∑A调制器的各种体系结构，根据功耗、稳定性以及电路实现等方面综合考虑，∑A调制器采用级联2—2结构，过采样比为32，并通过行为级仿真确定了积分器的增益衰减因子及级间耦合系数。

started with the analysis of characteristic parameter of the successive detection logarithmic amplifier,mainly discusses the main factor affecting its transfer characteristic by mathematics reasoning to its transfer function,studies the correlative relations of the single stair′s plus,the series with the dynamic range and the logarithmic precision by matlab and matrixx simulation.so two pieces of conclusion have been reached:one is on condition that the dynamic range is limited,the more the series that is used and the single stair′s plus is less,the higher the logarithmic precision is.the other is that using the double amplifier chain can enhance the logarithm starting point,so its stability is improved.and the conclusion has been applied to the practical circuit′s analysis of the tacan beaconing receiver.

摘 要：从分析连续检波式对数放大器的特性参数入手，对其传输函数进行了数学推导，重点讨论了影响其传输特性的主要因素，通过matlab和matrixx仿真，研究了输入动态范围与级联级数、单级增益和对数精度的相互关系，得出了两点结论：一是在限定动态范围的前提下采用的级数越多其单级增益越小而精度就会越高，二是采用双放大链结构可以提高对数起点，从而提高其稳定性。最后将结论应用于塔康信标接收机实际电路的分析中。关键词：对数放大器；连续检波；塔康信标；对数精度

In Chapter 2,encoder structure,decoder structure and interleaver of parallel concatenated Convolutional code and serially concatenated Convolutional code are studied. Symbol-wise SISO algorithm and bit-wise SISO algorithm are given.

在第二章中，系统分析了并行级联卷积编码和串行级联卷积编码的编码结构、交织器的类型、译码结构以及基于符号和基于比特的SISO算法。

In this paper, the method of using Volterra series expansion to analyze the linearity of high frequency CMOS transconductance stage with source degeneration resistor is provided. In order to reduce the complexity of the analysis, the transconductance stage is treated as cascade connection of two nonlinear systems. The IIP3 (input referred third-order intercept point) of the transconductance stage is calculated.

将Volterra级数用于分析工作于高频，含有源级负反馈电阻的CMOS跨导级的线性度，为了降低计算的复杂性，将CMOS跨导视为两个非线性子系统的级联，计算了跨导的IIP3。

In addition, for the same power capability, the cascaded converter requires less number of main power components such as main valves and main diodes.In this paper, cascade H-bridge converter with CPS-SPWM technique has been proposed, which is the combination of cascade structure and CPS-SPWM technique.

本文提出了基于CPS-SPWM技术的级联H桥型多电平变流器，它是CPS-SPWM技术与级联H型变流器拓扑结构的结合，同时具备二者的优点，在大功率变流器领域具有很好的应用前景。

This module is not only suit for decoding a concatenated code with non RSCs as its constituent codes, but also it can provide soft information output of both codeword and information bits, so it can be applied to decoding a Turbo code and joint detection and decoding. Taking into consideration serial and parallel concatenated Turbo code, the author proposes a combined code, with 2 outer codes and 2 inner cods as its constituent codes, i.e., 2×2 Woven code.

本文的第三章研究编码技术，在前人研究成果的基础上，为了模块化地对此级联码进行迭代译码，提出了一种模块化的软输入软输出四端口处理模块，此模块可用来处理非RSC卷积码为子码的级联码，并且可以提供码字和信息比特的软信息输出，是一种模块化很强的处理模块，可用于传统的Turbo码的迭代译码，尤其在迭代均衡和迭代检测的系统中并把它运用到B3G的系统设计中。

In chapter three, the author studies channel coding and decoding techniques, that is Woven codes. On the basis of other researchers'results, the author presents a four-port soft input and soft output module, in order to facilitate iterative decoding process of concatenated codes. This module is not only suit for decoding a concatenated code with non RSCs as its constituent codes, but also it can provide soft information output of both codeword and information bits, so it can be applied to decoding a Turbo code and joint detection and decoding. Taking into consideration serial and parallel concatenated Turbo code, the author proposes a combined code, with 2 outer codes and 2 inner cods as its constituent codes, i.e., 2×2 Woven code.

本文的第三章研究编码技术，在前人研究成果的基础上，为了模块化地对此级联码进行迭代译码，提出了一种模块化的软输入软输出四端口处理模块，此模块可用来处理非RSC卷积码为子码的级联码，并且可以提供码字和信息比特的软信息输出，是一种模块化很强的处理模块，可用于传统的Turbo码的迭代译码，尤其在迭代均衡和迭代检测的系统中并把它运用到B3G的系统设计中。

The heat-producing power of weapon-grade plutonium, weapon-grade uranium and depleted uranium per kilogram were calculated through simulation and dynamic decay cascade, the regression line was fitted and analyzed. The temperature fields of the nuclear explosive device raised by Steve Fetter were analyzed according to the simulation results of the heat-producing power of the exothermic materials. The hypothetical models of the nuclear explosive device were modified according to the normal disposal method in industry manufacture, and thermal stress distribution was simulated with the information processed before.

通过级联衰变动力学计算得到每千克武器级钚、武器级铀及贫化铀的放热功率，并对仿真结果进行拟合分析；选取其最大值对Steve Fetter提出的公开核装置假想模型进行温度场数值仿真；根据工业生产实际对Steve Fetter提出的公开核爆炸装置假想模型进行修订，并对其进行热应力仿真分析。

We will see in the following chapters that the production module of Tiny ERP is very flexible and bears: multilevel nomenclatures and ranges, cascade productions, phantom and substitution nomenclatures, as well as the configured products.

我们在下一节看到Tiny ERP生产模块是非常灵活的和合适的∶多层的名称和范围，级联生产，虚拟和替换名称，来设定产品+我们在接下来的章节中会了解到Tiny ERP 的生产模块非常的灵活，它拥有：多层级的物料，级联生产，幻影物料，物料替换，自定义产品等等。

Alternative layers of target material 〓 are irradiated with (47.5 MeV/u)〓 ions, the ternary fission events of hot nuclei are verified and the probabilityratioes of ternary fission relative to binary fission with projectile energy from25Mev/u to 47.5MeV/u are measured and reprodurced with calculation result ofstatistical cascade fission model program written by myself. The fact that ternaryfission at low excitation energy come from cascade fission is shown.

5MeV／u〓束轰击Bi靶时，用叠层靶技术，实验证明了热核三分裂变确实存在，并测量了25MeV／u～47.5MeV／u 〓三分裂变相对于二分裂的三二比的激发曲线，利用自编级联统计模型程序，模拟了低温热核的三分裂相对于二分裂的几率，结果也表明在较低激发时热核三分裂是级联三分裂。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。