空化

Results showed that the structure and property of needle coke could be improved by magnetic field and ultrasonic capitation, such as degree of order, degree of graphitization and crystallinity. Comparatively speaking, the effect of magnetic field was greater.

结果表明：超声空化和磁场诱导均能有效提高针状焦的有序度、石墨化度与结晶度，相比较而言，磁场的影响更大。

With Gongboxia Hydropower Station on the Yellow River taken as an example,some related problems were discussed,including the key points on the shape optimization of horizontal and vertical rotary internal energy dissipator,t.

以黄河公伯峡水电站为例，论述了竖井旋流式与水平旋流式内消能工在体型优化中的重点与方向问题；泄流能力的协调与匹配问题；通气孔的设计、消能率的构成、空化空蚀、衬砌标准与范围、下游水深的影响等问题。

The experiment shows that negative pressure exists in the roof of pressure tunnel outlet and open channel segment, strong water-wing on sidewall, unstable flow in open channel.

结果表明，原设计方案压力洞出口顶板和明渠段存在负压，侧墙水翅高，明渠中水流不稳，流态差，水流空化数偏低，底空腔偏小，水流掺气能力不足。

The results indicated that tip rounding of blade pressure side could improve flow condition and reduce the probability of gap cavitation while the pump's performance would not be affected significantly.

结果表明，修圆叶片压力面外缘有利于改善间隙流场的流动，可降低间隙空化空蚀的发生，而对泵的总体性能影响不大。

Energy is related to extent of water-power utilization; cavitation is related to service life of turbine; the stability not only has great effect to turbine life, but also is directly related to the normal operation of power station.

其中，效率特性关系到水能的利用程度，空蚀和空化特性关系到机组的使用寿命，而稳定性则不仅关系到机组的使用寿命而且关系到机组乃至整个电站能否正常运行。

The most heavy flow ability of barrage swirl is controlled by fastenning device and barrage size, the most heavy discharge is more when barrage aperture is bigger, the influence of barrage position on discharge is not obvious; The pressure of the end of the shaft and fastenning device increases which aroused by barrage, and there is a restraining action to flow waving of the shaft; The barrage aperture is smaller, the increase of pressure is heavier, the influence of position to the increase of pressure is not obvious; The positive pressure of the level section in the hole between fastenning device and barrage increases obviously, the change of press along length reduces, mural press in the hydrosphere separating area of outlet of fastenning device becomes positive pressure, which is propitious to the increase of flow cavitate number in the low pressure area of the outlet of fastenning device; The influence of change of swirl cavum diameter caused by barrage to ventilating state is obvious.

阻塞旋流最大泄流能力由起旋器及阻塞体型共同控制，降低了泄洪洞的泄流量，孔径大的阻塞最大下泄流量较大，阻塞位置对泄流量的影响不明显；阻塞引起竖井及起旋器端头压力增大，对竖井部分的水流波动具有抑制作用；阻塞孔径越小，压力增加越大，位置对压力增大影响不明显；起旋器与阻塞之间水平洞段的止压力明显增加，沿程压力变化减小，起旋器出口的水气分离区壁面压力变为正压力，有利于起旋器出口低压区水流空化数的提高；阻塞引起的旋流空腔直径变化对通气状态产生明显影响。

The cavitating region is filled with cavitation bubble and water mixture.

在超空化流动区域内，充满了空泡和水的混合物。

The main research activities of the Department cover the general layout of hydro projects, hydraulics of spillways for high dams, energy dissipation and river bed or bank erosions, flow induced vibration, cavitation and air entrainment, river ice, hydraulic transient flow simulation and control on hydropower project, pumped storage project and long distance water transfer project, optimization of thermal/nuclear power plant and other industrial cooling systems, investigation of the fundamental theory of stratified/mixing flow and its applications, studies on fluid mechanics and thermodynamics of large scale cooling towers, hydraulic field observations for existing projects, development of instrumentation for physical model tests and field observations.

研究领域主要为水利水电枢纽总体布置、高坝泄洪建筑物水力学、消能防冲、流激振动、空化与空蚀、崩岸水力学与岸坡保护、河冰问题、水电站引水系统中的水力瞬变及调压井水力学研究、跨流域调水工程中的规划及水力控制数值仿真、冷却水的工程水力热力问题研究、环境水力学、火电厂水工模型试验与数值模拟研究、火电厂取排水局部泥沙冲淤试验、模型和原体监测仪器的研制和开发、以及过水现场原体监测。

It is shown that the modified model can predict successfully the characteristics of cavitation and the detailed process of the cavitation shedding. Values of n in the modified coefficient are found to have a strong influence on the cavity length, the vapor volume, the lift and drag force, but no significant effect on the frequency distribution of the dynamics around the foil is observed.

通过与实验结果的对比表明，修正后的模型可以更准确地捕捉云状空化区域的空穴形态和空泡脱落的非定常细节；密度函数中指数n的选取对计算所得的空穴长度和升阻力均有影响，然而对流场动力特性的主要频谱分布影响不明显。

The optimization of the layout of the stilling well was also studied. The results show that the sudden enlargement between the circular inlet and the shaft in this spillway is significantly different from the traditional face-stuck shaft. This can prevent cavitation of the vertical shaft by high-velocity flow, reducing the difficulty of construction.

研究表明，该溢洪道自环形进水口以下采用突扩方式与竖井连接所形成的脱壁水流结构，与传统的贴壁式竖井的水流结构具有明显不同，不仅可以有效避免竖井段因水流流速较高可能造成的空化空蚀破坏，降低施工难度，而且有利于水舌掺气并促进消力井消能。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。