空化

an approach divides the sonoluminescence from the sound field by using test tube with black plastics and the isotropic light trap is applied to collect sonoluminescence in the trough which irradiates hematoporphyrin out of the sound field.the results of our work suggest that ultrasonically induced cavitation produces nonequilibrium high temperature, emits shock waves, together with the cavitation energy in hematoporphyrin solution activating hematoporphyrin.

从超声空化产生的声致荧光出发，采用试管外包裹黑色塑料的方法将大量生理盐水的声致发光与其余能量形式分开，在相同条件下，使用集光球收集水槽中盐水的声致荧光，将荧光引出声场单独作用血卟啉。结果表明，水槽中盐水的空化热能、冲击波与试管中血卟啉溶液空化产生的高温、高压、冲击波等多种能量的合作用激活血卟啉。

RESULT: 1.Ouabain act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane discontinuous,epithelium cells clustered,occluding zonule seperated,lens fiber layers fractured.Under the EM,cells totally hollowed,mitochondria swelling,myelin figure appeared.RT-PCR examine the expression condition of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all decreased.2.Digoxin act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens cell oedema,linkage distructed,extensive exfoliation.Under the EM,plasma appeared little half-transparant hollow region,mitochondria swelling and ridge disappeared. RT-PCR examine,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all decreased.3.Amphotericin B act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens epithelium cells linked tightly,arranged in-line,lens fiber layers arranged tightly and regularily.Under the EM,abbundant cellular organes,exuberant cells function indicated. RT-PCR examine the expression condition of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level,α1 and α3-isoform are increased significantly,demonstrated isoform-specific action.4D-thyroxine act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens plasmalemma integrated,cells arranged tightly and regularily.Under the EM,nucleus fission appeared,desmosome half-desmosome and tensile microfilaments linked the cells. RT-PCR examine,α2 and α3-isoform are increased, also demonstrated isoform-specific action.5.Vitamin E act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane continuous and smooth,epithelium cells tightly linked,lens fiber layers appearede hollow region occasionally.Under the EM,lateral membrane high density belt appeared,abundant nucleolus. RT-PCR examine,onlyα1-isoform are increased, demonstrated significantly isoform-specific action.6.DMSO act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane slightly thicker,cells linkage partly distructed.Under the EM,plasmalemma denaturation,mitochondria swelling.RT-PCR examine,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all altered slightly and haven't significant meanning.

结果：1、哇巴因作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜断裂、上皮细胞聚积、闭合连接分离、纤维板层裂隙，电镜下全层细胞空泡化、线粒体肿胀出现髓样结构，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达均减弱。2、地高辛作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体细胞水肿、细胞连接破坏、广泛剥离，电镜下胞质见少许半透明空化区、线粒体肿胀嵴消失，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达均减弱。3、两性霉素B作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体上皮细胞紧密连接、线状排列、纤维板层紧密规整，电镜下细胞器丰富、细胞功能旺盛，RT-PCR法检测α1及α3表达显著增强、具有一定的重整异构作用特异性。4、D甲状腺素作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体质膜完整、细胞排列紧密规整，电镜下胞核见分裂像、细胞间有桥粒、半桥粒及张力微丝，RT-PCR法检测α2及α3表达均增强、亦有一定的重整异构作用特异性。5、维生素E作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜连续光滑、上皮细胞紧密连接、纤维板层偶见空化，电镜下囊侧膜内有高电子密度带、细胞核仁丰富，RT-PCR法检测仅有α1的表达显著增强、具有极强的重整异构作用特异性。6、二甲基亚砜作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜轻度增厚、细胞连接部分破坏，电镜下质膜变性、线粒体肿胀，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达无显著改变。

Cavitation is the most distinct characteristic of the high-power low-frequency ultrasonic fields, and it is also regarded as the primary mechanism of ultrasonic cleaning. Nevertheless, the measurement question of the high-power low-frequency ultrasonic fields hasn't been resolved well, because of the incomplete cavitation theory and the complexity of cavitation fields. The universal acceptant standard measurement hasn't been found up to the present so that it is difficult to judge of the performance of ultrasonic cleaning machines scientifically.

大功率低频超声场最鲜明的特点就是空化，而空化也被认为是超声清洗的主要物理机制，但由于其理论研究尚不完善，加之空化声场的复杂性，使得至今大功率低频超声场的测量未得到很好的解决，尚未找到一种与清洗效果有确定关系的普遍适用的标准方法，使得在客观地评判清洗机优劣时很困难。

All countries scholar have been looking for new cavitation to replace the ultrasonic cavitation technique, the hydrodynamical technique have lower cost and equipment simpler characteristics than the light or particle cavitation , so it was valuable of

本文所做的主要工作及所取得结论： 1 设计并组装了一套水动力空化反应循环系统； 2 设计了3种不同型号(孔径分别为1毫米、2毫米、4毫米)的多孔板； 3 比较了不同板在不同条件下的空化效应强弱； 4 利用该装置对大肠杆菌菌液进行消毒杀菌的实验研究；结论：(1)在孔径较小时，空化效应更强

In this text,according to home and abroad scholars's study on design of sonochemical reactor and parameters of ultrasound cavitation, I designed the sonochemical reactor cohered with transducers on its side wall, and study cavitation field and ultrasound field distribution by changing power and frequency ,and made research in absorption of different power and frequency ultrasound traveling in water, and especialy study the cavitation with different sound intensity.

笔者综合国内外学者关于声化学反应器的设计思路，设计了侧壁黏结换能器清洗槽式声化学反应器，改变频率定性测量反应器中的声场和空化场分布，研究不同频率的超声在水中传播的吸收情况、声空化和声压或声强的关系以及一定频率的超声在水中的有效空化范围。

In this article, a series of experiments relating to bubble cloud of cavitating water jets were carried out for different nozzles within different pump pressures and ambient pressures.

本文在不同泵压和淹没压力条件下针对不同类型的空化喷嘴对空化水射流的空泡云长度进行了一系列实验研究。

A series of experiments relating to bubble cloud of cavitating water jet were carried out for different nozzles within different pump pressure s and ambient pressures.

在不同泵压和淹没压力条件下针对不同类型的空化喷嘴，对空化水射流的空泡云长度进行了一系列实验研究。

In order to study the cavitation flow in a centrifugal pump, numerical simulation of steady cavitating turbulent flow in a specific speed 95 centrifugal pump was carried out by using a full cavitation model and a mixing two-phase flow model.

为了研究离心泵内的空化流动，将完整空化模型和混合流体两相流模型相结合，对比转速为95的离心泵叶轮在设计工况下的空化流动进行数值模拟。

Themotion equations of a bubble near a plane wall have been established with the lift forceand wall effects on the drag force taken into consideration.

我们在全面考虑壁面对空泡运动粘性阻力和升力影响的基础上，建立了空泡在近壁区内的运动方程，计算结果表明由于壁面的存在将阻滞空泡沿水流方向和垂直水流方向上的运动，即有滞留空泡在空化形成点，减缓空泡逸离空泡发生区的作用。

How to achieve the most efficient rock-breaking is the research direction of the rock-breaking technique.

在不同泵压和淹没压力条件下，针对不同类型的空化喷嘴对高压空化水射流破碎岩石效果进行了一系列实验研究，其主要目的是探讨高压空化水射流的冲蚀能力与水力参数的相互关系，提高破岩效率。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。