磨牙

Class Ⅲ furcation defects were created at the mandibular second pre-molars, first molars and second molars.

人工制备3只食蟹猴双侧下颌第二双尖牙、第一磨牙和第二磨牙的慢性Ⅲ度根分叉病损。

ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between anatomic structure of the inferior alveolar nerve canal and dental implantation by measuring mandible innervation esemplarsMETHODSThe intramandibular course of mandibular canal and its dimendion were measured in 15 mandibles with teeth; the relationship between blood vessel and nerve was observed in 5 fresh samples in which the artery was filled; and then the data were analyzed by statisticsRESULTSThe mandibular canal was close to the lingual side and the inferior margin of the mandible, the mandibular canal and the 10mm underside of mandible were parallel in the region of the first and the second molars, it runned outboard to genal aperture when it was hereabout genal aperture, and the blood vessel lay above nerve in the mandibular canalCONCLUSIONIn implant operation performed according to normal anatomy, injury to inferior alveolar nerve may be avoided.

［目的］探讨下颌管的解剖结构与牙种植的关系［方法］选取15具牙列完整的成人离体下颌骨标本和5具经过动脉血管内灌注的新鲜标本，测量下颌骨在每个牙位截面上有关牙槽嵴及下颌管的相关数据，进行统计学分析［结果］牙槽嵴顶以及下方10mm宽度由前向后逐渐增宽；牙槽嵴由上向下逐渐增宽；下颌管位于下颌骨体内下方走行中偏舌侧，并近下颌骨下缘，在下颌第1，2磨牙区下颌管走行与下颌下缘成平行状，在近颏孔处转向外和向颊侧出颏孔；下颌管内血管位于下牙槽神经之上［结论］牙种植术中按正常解剖部位并且侧重颊侧骨板操作，可避免损伤下牙槽神经；如果术中下颌管内突然涌出大量新鲜血液，则提示若继续手术可能损伤下牙槽神经。

ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between anatomic structure of the inferior alveolar nerve canal and dental implantation by measuring mandible innervation esemplarsMETHODS The intramandibular course of mandibular canal and its dimendion were measured in 15 mandibles with teeth; the relationship between blood vessel and nerve was observed in 5 fresh samples in which the artery was filled; and then the data were analyzed by statisticsRESULTSThe mandibular canal was close to the lingual side and the inferior margin of the mandible, the mandibular canal and the 10mm underside of mandible were parallel in the region of the first and the second molars, it runned outboard to genal aperture when it was hereabout genal aperture, and the blood vessel lay above nerve in the mandibular canalCONCLUSIONIn implant operation performed according to normal anatomy, injury to inferior alveolar nerve may be avoided.

［目的］探讨下颌管的解剖结构与牙种植的关系［方法］选取15具牙列完整的成人离体下颌骨标本和5具经过动脉血管内灌注的新鲜标本，测量下颌骨在每个牙位截面上有关牙槽嵴及下颌管的相关数据，进行统计学分析［结果］牙槽嵴顶以及下方10mm宽度由前向后逐渐增宽；牙槽嵴由上向下逐渐增宽；下颌管位于下颌骨体内下方走行中偏舌侧，并近下颌骨下缘，在下颌第1，2磨牙区下颌管走行与下颌下缘成平行状，在近颏孔处转向外和向颊侧出颏孔；下颌管内血管位于下牙槽神经之上［结论］牙种植术中按正常解剖部位并且侧重颊侧骨板操作，可避免损伤下牙槽神经；如果术中下颌管内突然涌出大量新鲜血液，则提示若继续手术可能损伤下牙槽神经。

Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters measured on models were statistically analyzed using the SAS software package.

第二磨牙和第三磨牙是萌出最晚的牙齿，其牙冠宽度的预测，国内外报道很少[2 ，3 ] 。

Rats in experimental group were placed on the expansion appliance, inserting into the diastema between the first and second molars, then stick to molar lingual using light-cured resin for retention.

实验组采用0.014澳丝弯制双眼圈簧样扩弓装置，插入第一、二磨牙牙间隙，用光固化树脂粘结在大鼠磨牙舌侧进行固位；对照组安装未加力的同型扩弓装置。

Change of arch width after extraction and nonextraction treatment;2. Effects on arch width after extraction and nonextraction treatment;3. Intercanine and intermolar arch widths and anterior arch depths of the maxillary and mandibular arches were measured.

结论与不拔牙矫治相比，拔牙矫治不会减小尖牙间牙弓宽度和前牙段牙弓长度而影响面部美观；但拔牙和不拔牙矫治都能引起磨牙间牙弓宽度的改变，可能影响疗效的长期稳定性。

The position changes of mandibular molars were measured from mesiodistal direction and vertical direction, and the implant anchorage loss was evaluated by maxillary central incisor.

通过测量下颌第二磨牙在近远中方向、垂直向的位置变化，以衡量磨牙的位置改变。并通过下颌中切牙的位置变化，评价支抗强弱。

After bridge insertion, the pontic of fixed bridge re- stored additional force, but the change of stress in the peri- odontium of premolar and molar is very diffierent.

固定桥修复后桥体承受了增加的载荷，双尖牙和磨牙牙周膜应力的变化规律是不相同的，双尖牙牙周膜应力的增加幅度大于磨牙。

objectivethe aim of this study was to evaluate the curative effects of the modified fixed reverse twin-block appliance combine edgewise on treatment of adult angle ⅲ anterior crossbite.methodsthe appliance was used on 15 adult subjects with angle ⅲ malocclusion and then compared clinical character and x-ray cephalometry before and after treatment.resultsafter 4 months treatment the appearance and profile were improve evidently, mandible retrusion was to lead molar and canine were angle i,overjet and overbite were normal.

目的：应用改良固定反式双阻板矫治器（twin-block appliance，tba）联合方丝弓技术矫治成人angleⅲ前牙反牙合，为成人前牙反牙合提供新的治疗方法。方法：矫治成人患者15例，进行临床表现及相关硬组织测量。结果：固定反式tba戴用4个月后下颌明显后退。所有患者在未拔牙的情况下前牙反牙合均得到有效治疗，磨牙及尖牙均达到i类关系。但上颌仅为牙及牙槽的代偿性变化。

Methods The intercuspidrelationship and the offset of the first molar, the crown angulation, inclination, rotations, tight contacts, the curve ofSpee and the crown prominence in the right side of 30 Chinese posttreatment cast models were measured and analysed.

测量分析30付牙模型右侧磨牙关系距离、磨牙补偿角、各个牙齿唇舌向及颊舌向倾斜度、牙齿近远中倾斜度、旋转度、牙间间隙、Spee氏曲线和牙冠凸度。

He and Nina moved to California and lived at 2005 Ivar Street, Apt.

他和Nina搬到加州，并在2005年伊瓦尔街，公寓生活。

Droperidol （ potently inhibits transfected HERGchannels and this is the probable mechanism for QT prolongation.

氟哌利多有效地抑制了转染的 HERG 钾通道，可能是 QT 间期延长的机制。