由...引起

The syphilis is one kind of dissemination disease which syphilitic spirochaeta spirochetes spirochaeta pallida causes by, is one kind of whole body chronicity infectious disease.

梅毒是由梅毒螺旋体引起的一种性传播疾病，是一种全身性慢性传染病梅毒是由梅毒螺旋体引起的一种性传播疾病，是一种全身性慢性传染病。

Further studies are underway to investigate the exact intracellular mechanisms underlying the effects of the two substances. In Chapter 4, we observed the effects of metabolites of mangrove fungus Xylaria sp. from the South China Sea Coast, Xyloketal A～D, on the activity of acetylcholinesterase in vitro, and the present data indicated that AChE activity was remarkably inhibited by Xyloketal A～D in a dose-dependent manner.

另一方面，在论文第3章离体豚鼠回肠收缩实验中，发现323-A和323-B可剂量依赖性地抑制组胺、乙酰胆碱以及氯化钾所引起的GPI收缩，pD2'依次为5.13、4.97、5.36和5.51、5.56、5.62，并且，通过机制分析发现，323-A和323-B可以显著降低在外界无钙离子存在时由细胞内钙储库释放钙所产生的收缩反应，而对由细胞外钙离子内流所引起的收缩无明显影响。

Spatial heterogeneity of the eggs and adults in higher density, adults in lower density were caused by random factors, but spatial variability of the 2~4 instars nymphs in the higher density, and of the eggs and 2~4 instars nymphs in the lower density were spatially autocorrelated.

在高密度下卵和成虫及低密度下成虫的空间异质性是由随机因素引起，而高密度下2~4龄若虫及低密度下卵和2~4龄若虫的空间异质性是由空间的自相关因素引起。

In the BNR system (SRT=15 d), the cell death was responsible for 45% of the total cell decay for nitrifying bacteria, and thus the activity decay accounted for 55% of the total cell decay.

在BNR系统中（SRT=15 d），硝化细菌在衰减过程中由细胞死亡引起的衰减约占细胞总衰减的45%，由活性降低引起的衰减约占细胞总衰减的55%。

Piglet coccidiosis is a parasitic protozoosis, causing serious diarrhea. Thedisease mainly results from Isospora suis parasitizing small intestine epithelial cell ofnursing and freshly weaned piglets. Its main pathogen is I. suis, and the infected pigletsat 1 or 2 weeks postnatal exhibit nonhemorragic yellow or white diarrhea, with a lowmortality, but often followed by a consecutive bacterial or viral diseases, which increasesmortality in piglets and causes great economic losses in pig farms.

哺乳仔猪球虫病是由猪等孢球虫和某些艾美耳属球虫寄生于哺乳期及断奶仔猪小肠上皮细胞引起的一种以腹泻为主要临床症状的寄生性原虫病，其主要病原是猪等孢球虫，表现为出生后第一周发生非出血性的黄色至白色腹泻，临床症状并无特别之处，受害仔猪并不中止吮乳，死亡率较低，但常常会伴发一些继发性疾病(比如由细菌、病毒引起的疾病)，造成仔猪的死亡率升高，从而给许多猪场带来了较为严重的经济损失。

In all of these glazes, Rayleigh scatting contributes to the blue color, but in Ru ware, Rayleigh scattering intensity is weaker than in Ru modern copies and Jun ware, and Mie scattering intensity is stronger than in Ru modern copies and Jun ware.

汝瓷、仿汝瓷和钧瓷釉中的蓝色均有Rayleigh散射的贡献，其中汝瓷中的Rayleigh散射强度小于仿汝瓷和钧瓷；而对于釉中的乳白色感，汝瓷中是由大量析晶及&晶芽&引起的，而仿汝瓷、钧瓷是由少量分相大颗粒引起。

Voltage sags may be caused by faults on the transmission or distribution system, or by the switching of loads with large amounts of initial tarting\inrush currents (motors, transformers, large DC power supplies).

电压下跌可由输配电系统中的故障引起，或由投切具有大初始起动电流；涌流(电动机，变压器，大型直流电源)的负荷引起。

Calculation formulae were derived for the maximum angle error of the outputting gear caused by the tangential synthetic tolerance and the last motion error angle caused by normal directional side clearance.

推导出了由切向综合公差引起的输出齿轮最大角度误差的计算公式和由法向侧隙引起的空回误差角的计算公式。

Excess kurtosis and fat tail characteristics in time series of interest rates indicates that the series is a nonlinear stochastic process which can be caused by conditional heteroscedastic or caused by long memory.

金融时间序列呈现出的尖峰肥尾的特征既可以由条件异方差性引起，也可以由长记忆过程引起。对于我国的市场利率时间序列而言，尖峰肥尾的特征同样普遍存在，但目前主要是用ARCH类模型来拟合。

In the paper, the infrared radiation energy change caused by the temperature abnormality and the stress, the principle and method of separating them from each other and further the medium temperature and stress inversion have been given.

提出了由温度异常引起的红外辐射能量变化和由应力引起的红外辐射能量变化以及将两者分离出来的理论与方法，进而反演介质的温度和应力；提出了红外遥感预测地震的两种物理机理。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。